肠炎沙门菌sef14基因缺失株生物学功能

构建了肠炎沙门菌参考株SE50336的SefA主要亚单位编码基因sefA的缺失株SE50336ΔsefA,进一步探究野生株及SEF14菌毛缺失株的生物学功能。以SE50336为模板,利用λ-red同源重组技术构建sefA缺失株,通过绘制生长曲线、生物被膜测定试验、刚果红-考马斯亮蓝无盐培养基菌落表型试验、RT-qPCR(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction)、人结肠腺癌上皮细胞(Caco-2)的体外黏附测定来检测和比较2种菌株的生物学特性,并利用野生株和缺失株分别攻毒小鼠,探究SEF14菌毛对肠炎沙门菌致病力的影响。结果显示,野生株及缺失株生长情况无明显差异。与野生株相比,ΔsefA缺失株的生物被膜形成能力有所下降;菌落表型试验中野生株表现出典型的rdar(red, dry and rough)表型,而ΔsefA缺失株表现出saw(smooth and white)表型;RT-qPCR试验中,野生株的生物被膜形成主要关联基因csgA、bcsA、pgaC、fimA的转录量均显著高于ΔsefA缺失株。但缺失株与野生株对于Caco-...     

肠炎沙门菌luxS缺失株的构建及其生物学特性研究

拟研究LuxS/AI-2群体感应系统对肠炎沙门菌(Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis,SE)生物学特性的影响。利用Red同源重组系统构建LuxS/AI-2系统关键基因luxS缺失株,通过比较亲本株和luxS缺失株体外生长速率、药物敏感性、细胞黏附侵袭能力及生物被膜形成能力等生物学特性,初步分析AI-2/LuxS系统对SE生物学特性的影响。结果显示,luxS缺失株能够稳定遗传缺失的△luxS基因;体外生长速率略快;生物被膜形成能力明显增强;对DF-1细胞和Caco-2细胞黏附侵袭能力均显著增加;对氟喹诺酮类药物敏感性提高128~256倍,对氨苄西林、四环素、多西环素、氯霉素和氟苯尼考类等的药物敏感性提高了8倍。以上结果表明,LuxS系统影响肠炎沙门菌的生物学特性(如生物被膜形成、对细胞的黏附侵袭能力),并且该系统也通过某种耐药机制影响肠炎沙门菌的药物敏感性。     

迟缓爱德华菌延伸因子EF-Tu的免疫特性研究

EF-Tu是细菌的延伸因子,参与细菌众多生理进程。前期在布鲁氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的研究中,EFTu蛋白的免疫原性已被证实,但在迟缓爱德华菌上关于EF-Tu蛋白的研究还未见报道。为研究迟缓爱德华菌延伸因子EF-Tu的免疫特性,本试验利用原核表达系统表达迟缓爱德华菌EF-Tu蛋白,并利用小鼠模型和斑马鱼模型分别评估该蛋白的免疫原性和免疫保护效果。结果显示,重组蛋白rEF-Tu免疫可以使斑马鱼产生针对迟缓爱德华菌的免疫保护力,保护率为50%。本次研究明确了迟缓爱德华菌EF-Tu蛋白的免疫特性,为迟缓爱德华菌疫苗研发提供了借鉴和参考。     

肠炎沙门菌icdA基因缺失株的构建及重要特性分析

为研究肠炎沙门菌异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)的功能,本研究利用λ-Red重组技术构建了肠炎沙门菌IDH编码基因icdA缺失突变株c50336ΔicdA,对其进行生长和生化特性检测,并通过体外模拟应激试验、药敏试验、生物被膜检测、抗蛋清杀伤、胞内存活和动物感染实验,分析icdA基因在肠炎沙门菌致病机制中的重要作用。研究结果显示,icdA基因缺失不影响肠炎沙门菌的生长特性和生化特性,在热应激(42℃)、酸应激(pH3.5)和高渗应激(NaCl2.4mol/L)条件下其存活率也未出现显著变化,但icdA基因缺失能够显著降低肠炎沙门菌对碱、低渗透压和过氧化氢应激的抵御能力,降低肠炎沙门菌对多粘菌素B的耐药性和生物被膜的形成能力;同时,该基因缺失能够降低肠炎沙门菌对蛋清杀伤的防御能力、在巨噬细胞内的存活能力和其对小鼠的毒力。研究结果表明icdA基因参与肠炎沙门菌的抗应激能力、耐药性、生物被膜形成和抗蛋清杀伤能力,从而影响细菌的毒力。本研究为肠炎沙门菌疫苗的研究奠定了重要基础。     

貉肠炎沙门菌htra基因缺失株的构建及其生物学特性

利用Red同源重组方法对HtrA蛋白编码基因htra进行敲除,并从生长特性、生化特性、耐pH应激与氧化应激、抗血清杀伤和菌株毒力等几方面对突变菌株进行评价。结果显示,与野生型菌株相比,htra基因缺失株生长特性和生化特性无明显差异,但其对酸性和碱性环境的敏感性增加,对血清的耐受力下降;动物试验结果显示,htra基因缺失后肠炎沙门菌对小鼠半数致死量有显著提高。本试验成功构建了貉肠炎沙门菌htra基因缺失株,为研究HtrA蛋白的作用机制奠定了基础。     

貉肠炎沙门菌htra基因缺失株的构建及生物学特性

为研究HtrA蛋白对貉源肠炎沙门菌毒力和生物学特性的影响,本试验利用Red同源重组方法对HtrA蛋白编码基因htra进行敲除,并从生长特性、生化特性、耐pH应激与氧化应激、抗血清杀伤和菌株毒力等方面对突变菌株进行评价,结果显示:与野生型菌株相比,htra基因缺失株生长特性和生化特性无明显差异,但其对酸性和碱性环境的敏感性增加,对血清的耐受力下降,动物实验结果显示htra基因缺失后肠炎沙门菌对小鼠半数致死量有显著提高。本试验成功构建貉肠炎沙门菌htra基因缺失株,为研究HtrA蛋白的作用机制奠定了基础。     

肠炎沙门菌ArgG基因缺失株的构建及生物学特性分析

为研究ArgG基因对肠炎沙门菌的致病作用和生物学特性的影响,本试验利用λ-Red重组法构建肠炎沙门菌ArgG基因缺失株,并从生化特性、生长特性、生物被膜形成能力、运动能力、体外应激、巨噬细胞存活能力等方面进行研究。结果显示,与野生型菌株相比,ArgG基因缺失株生化特性、运动能力无明显变化,在LB培养基中生长速度变化不明显,但在M9培养基中缺失株不生长;ArgG基因缺失株生物被膜形成能力下降约60%,抗酸、碱应激能力分别下降约12%和10%左右,巨噬细胞内的存活能力和其对小鼠的毒力降低。本研究成功构建了肠炎沙门菌ArgG基因缺失株,并证明ArgG基因与营养代谢、抗应激能力和毒力密切相关,为肠炎沙门菌的基因缺失苗的研究提供理论依据。     

肠炎沙门菌非编码小RNA isrC基因缺失株的致病性

细菌非编码小RNA(sRNA)是一类可在转录后水平调控基因表达的调节子。IsrC是存在于鼠伤寒沙门菌毒力岛上的一种与毒力相关的sRNA,可调节巨噬细胞存活蛋白MsgA的表达。本研究克隆了肠炎沙门菌50336菌株isrC基因,通过λ-Red同源重组系统构建了isrC缺失突变株50336△isrC,并利用表达载体pBR322构建了回补株50336△isrC/pisrC。将野生株,isrC突变株和回补株分别接种1日龄清远麻鸡,比较三者之间的致病性差异。结果显示,肠炎沙门菌isrC基因与鼠伤寒沙门菌同源性为100%;成功构建了isrC缺失突变株和回补株;野生株,突变株和回补株对雏鸡的半数致死量(LD50)分别为2.81×108 CFU,2.02×108 CFU和3.10×108 CFU,相比野生株50336,突变株50336△isrC的LD50明显下降,表明isrC基因的缺失增强了肠炎沙门菌的毒力。     

肠炎沙门菌iroB基因缺失株的构建及部分特性分析

为研究糖基转移酶IroB对沙门菌的重要作用,本研究利用λ-Red重组技术构建了肠炎沙门菌iroB基因缺失突变株c50336ΔiroB,通过应激试验、胞内存活试验和药物耐受试验检测缺失iroB基因后肠炎沙门菌生物特性的变化。结果显示,iroB基因缺失并未影响细菌的生长速度和生化特性,也不影响其对酸、碱和过氧化氢的抵抗能力,以及其在细胞内的存活能力,但使得细菌对热应激的敏感性增加,对蛋清抵抗能力下降,推测IroB参与沙门菌对铁的利用和对多溶菌酶的耐受;利用多粘菌素B进行最低抑菌浓度试验,结果显示其耐该药能力降低。本研究结果揭示IroB能够促进肠炎沙门菌的抗应激能力和耐药性,阐释了糖基转移酶IroB在沙门菌致病过程中的作用。     

肠炎沙门菌sufB基因缺失株的构建及其相关生物学特性研究

为了解铁硫簇蛋白对肠炎沙门菌致病作用的影响,本研究利用λ-Red同源重组系统构建了肠炎沙门菌(C50336) suf B基因缺失突变株(C50336Δsuf B),并对其生物学特性进行分析,探究Suf B蛋白在肠炎沙门菌致病过程中的作用。结果显示,缺失株C50336Δsuf B与野生型菌株和回复菌株相比,其生长速度、生化特性无明显差异,但其对酸性应激、H2O2处理和高渗环境的适应能力显著下降,在血清中存活率明显降低。动物实验结果显示,suf B基因缺失突变株的毒力和体内存活能力均严重下降。本研究证实suf B基因与肠炎沙门菌毒力密切相关,为进一步阐释肠炎沙门菌感染致病机制奠定基础。     

肠炎沙门菌mreB基因缺失株的构建及其体外生物学特性研究

MreB蛋白广泛存在于原核生物中,主要生物功能是聚合形成类似于肌动蛋白微丝的纤维,参与细胞形状的维持。为研究肠炎沙门菌的mreB基因缺失对环境压力的应激变化,本研究利用Red重组方法构建肠炎沙门菌SM6株的mreB基因缺失株,同时构建其回补菌株,观察缺失株SM6ΔmreB的形态学变化,分析其对温度缺氧应力、渗透应力以及耐酸性的变化。结果显示,缺失株SM6ΔmreB的菌体变为球状,生长受到抑制;SM6ΔmreB对升温缺氧压力的耐受能力显著低于亲本株和回补株(p<0.05);在渗透压条件为100mmol/L和200mmol/LNaCl时缺失株的生存能力明显弱于亲本株和回补株(p<0.05);缺失株在强酸环境中的生存能力显著低于亲本株和回补株(p<0.05),而对中性和弱酸性环境的适应能力与亲本株相似。本研究为进一步探究MreB蛋白在沙门菌的致病机制以及菌蜕形成过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

Early cytokine response of gnotobiotic piglets to Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium

Cytokine response against Salmonella Typhimurium is traditionally studied in conventional animals. Germ-free animals, however, enable to study response against infection without background effect of other microorganisms. Plasma and ileal inflammatory cytokines in germ-free piglets orally infected with virulent LT2 strain or, with a non-virulent SF1591 rough mutant were quantified by ELISA. In plasma and ileal washes, IFN-gamma levels significantly increased in both infected groups. TNF-alpha and IL-18 were mostly missing in plasma 24 h after infection. In the ileum, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta were induced mainly by the virulent strain, whereas IL-18 was induced in highest quantity by non-virulent Salmonella. These data confirmed an important role of IFN-gamma, as well as other inflammatory cytokines in early stage of salmonellosis.     

Typing of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Mbandaka isolates

Recently, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Mbandaka (S. Mbandaka) has gained some importance in the epidemiology of salmonellosis in Poland. Since biotyping, resistance typing, and plasmid profiling were insufficient for strain differentiation, genome macrorestriction by means of pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was applied and proved to be the method of choice in S. Mbandaka epidemiological studies. XbaI and BcuI macrorestriction produced 15 and 14 pulse-field profiles (PFP), respectively, but in the case of each enzyme one profile was prevalent. When macrorestriction profiles were combined, a total 24 patterns were found. Based on the similarity of the profiles, four clonal lineages were identified. One clonal lineage contained the majority of poultry, feed and human isolates. Poultry was concluded to be an important source of S. Mbandaka for humans in Poland. Complementary use of various typing techniques improved efficacy of epidemiological studies giving possibility to subdivide S. Mbandaka into 35 types and the index of discrimination reached 0.947.     

Comparison of intestinal invasion and macrophage response of Salmonella Gallinarum and other host-adapted Salmonella enterica serovars in the avian host

The purpose of this investigation was to study the host specific infection of Salmonella Gallinarum in chickens and to determine the contribution of intestinal invasion and macrophage survival in relation to systemic infection in the host. This was carried out by comparing the kinetics of infection of S. Gallinarum to that of other Salmonella host-adapted (S. Cholerae-suis, S. Dublin and S. Typhimurium) and host-specific (S. Pullorum and S. Abortus-ovis) serovars. Establishment of the rate of colonisation in intestinal tissue, bursa and systemic sites was carried out by oral infection in day-old and week-old birds. Salmonella Gallinarum was the only serovar capable of causing systemic infection in chickens, however, general colonising ability in the intestine and bursa demonstrated no apparent selective advantage for S. Gallinarum. Further quantification of gastrointestinal invasion was carried out using ligated loops in the small intestine. Invasion in the jejunum of the chicken intestine over 3h demonstrated that Salmonella Typhimurium invasion was statistically higher (P<0.01) when compared with S. Gallinarum. Specific sites of high lymphoid tissue concentration in the chicken, including the bursa of Fabricius and caecal tonsils, were also targeted in invasion assays to investigate possible areas of tissue tropism. S. Typhimurium demonstrated significantly higher (P<0.01) invasion at these sites when compared with S. Gallinarum. Infection of chicken macrophages with S. Gallinarum did not demonstrate increased multiplication and survival intracellularly when compared with other Salmonella serotypes. The only difference seen was with S. Abortus-ovis, which demonstrated a significantly lower (P<0.05 to 0.001) intracellular survival. Together these data suggest that although S. Gallinarum host specificity in the chicken correlates with systemic infection, intestinal and lymphoid tissue invasion in the bursa and caeca, and macrophage survival does not influence this outcome.     

Evaluation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Choleraesuis slyA mutant strains for use in live attenuated oral vaccines

SlyA protein plays a key role in virulence in Salmonella enterica. In this study, we evaluated the ability of the slyA mutant strain of S. enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. choleraesuis) to protect against swine salmonellosis. Using a murine model infected with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium), we showed that the Salmonella strain with a deletion of slyA could be used as a highly immunogenic, effective and safe vaccine in mice. Based on these data, a slyA mutant of S. enterica serovar Choleraesuis strain RF-1 was constructed, and the ability of this mutant to protect immunized pigs from S. choleraesuis infection was examined. As with the S. typhimurium slyA mutant, immunization of pigs with the S. choleraesuis slyA mutant strain provided significant protection against subsequent challenge by the wild-type RF-1. These results demonstrate that SlyA is a potential target in the development of a novel live attenuated vaccine against S. enterica.     

The attenuated sopB mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium has the same tissue distribution and host chemokine response as the wild type in bovine Peyer's patches

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is an important cause of enteric infections in farm animals and it is one of the most frequent food borne infections worldwide. Serovar Typhimurium lacking the sopB gene is attenuated for induction of host inflammatory response and fluid accumulation into the intestinal lumen, which correlates with clinical diarrhea. SopB is an inositol phosphate phosphatase, but its exact role in the pathogenesis of salmonellosis is still unclear. We employed the bovine ileal ligated loop model to compare the tissue distribution of a sopB mutant and its wild type parent serovar Typhimurium. Sections of the Peyer's patches were histologically processed and immuno-stained for detection of serovar Typhimurium. In addition, samples were processed for transmission electron microscopy, and the profile of expression of host chemokine and cytokine responses was assessed. Ultrastructurally both strains had the same ability to invade intestinal epithelial cells. No differences were detected in the tissue distribution of the sopB mutant and the wild type organism and both strains elicited the same profile of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, our results indicate that the attenuation of the sopB mutant is associated with pathogenic mechanisms other than invasion and distribution in host intestinal tissues.