意境论视角下《边城》三个译本的比较分析

《边城》是我国田园牧歌派小说的典型代表作,是一个时代和一片土地的标志,作者沈从文致力于湘西乡土人情的描写富有魅力地展现出了中国文学中独有的神韵和意境。该篇的英译本也是众多学者分析的语料,本文以我国特有的本土翻译理论,即茅盾先生的艺术创造性翻译(意境论)为理论基础,对《边城》的三个不同时代的英译本进行对比分析,阐释文学翻译中的艺术意境再现过程。     

功能翻译理论对文学翻译的适用性——兼评庞德的《神州集》

本文拟以庞德翻译的源自中国古诗词的《神州集》英译本来说明文学翻译也具有目的性,也会因为预期功能的不同而采取不同的翻译策略,从而表明功能翻译理论对文学翻译也具有适用性。     

翻译过程中的识解运作探析——以《聊斋志异》的英译为例

基于认知语言学的识解理论,以《聊斋志异》的不同英译本为例,分析识解理论的四个维度：辖域和背景,视角,突显,详略度.通过分析这四个维度,探讨不同的识解运作方式在翻译过程中的体现及其对翻译活动的影响与启示,以期为翻译过程的研究提供一种新的视角.     

归化与异化：《围城》成语英译策略研究

将美国学者Jeanne Kelly和中国学者Nathan K．Mao（茅国权）翻译的《围城》英译本中的成语作为语料库进行具体探究。从语义空缺的角度对书中的成语进行归纳,分为含环境空缺的成语、含文化空缺的成语、含词汇空缺的成语、含其他类空缺的成语,继而结合德国功能派理论中的目的论去探讨针对各类成语译者如何采用异化和归化策略去处理它们,说明两种翻译策略需有机结合,以从实际翻译研究的角度给成语翻译的归化异化之争提供借鉴。     

以生态翻译学解读人名翻译——以霍译《红楼梦》为例

《红楼梦》作为中国四大名著之一,受到了诸多西方读者的喜爱,因而有许多研究者已从顺应论等视角对其进行过研究。然而基于生态翻译学视角的《红楼梦》英译本研究为数不多。因此,本文尝试从生态翻译学理论的"三维"转换角度对《红楼梦》中的人名翻译进行研究,以期能为翻译工作者提供人名翻译的适当建议。     

马修·阿诺德翻译批评的功能

马修·阿诺德在《评荷马史诗的翻译》中不仅对荷马译者进行了批评,还表达了对古典文学地位的担忧,并提出了有关翻译的见解.学界多从翻译学角度对其翻译批评进行考察,但从文学与文化批评的角度来看,阿诺德的翻译批评不仅加快了古典文学回归的步伐,还成为他通往文学与文化批评的跳板.他提出了具有现实意义的翻译原则.正确看待这些原则对于理解阿诺德的文化批评理论有积极的意义.     

从《红楼梦》英译本看中西方翻译策略的不同

《红楼梦》是一部极具思想性和艺术性的伟大作品,代表着中国古典小说发展的最高峰。自20世纪70年代以来,有关《红楼梦》英译的文章日益增多,文中以杨氏和霍氏英译本《红楼梦》的不同译法为例,围绕翻译策略以及翻译与文化的关系来探究中西方不同的翻译策略。     

从等值论^★试析《浮生六记》英译本的美学价值

文学翻译重在传递原文的神和形，尽可能作到形神兼备。本文欲从等值论的角度分析著名翻译家林语堂翻译的《浮生六记》的美学价值。林译文无论是从字、词、句还是到篇章都译得丝丝入扣，完整再现了原文的形美和神韵。     

从人际功能看英诗汉译的策略——对“Break,Break,Break”三个汉译本的对比分析

系统功能语言学已被广泛应用于翻译研究领域,不少学者运用该理论对中国古诗及其英译本的语言特点进行对比分析,以揭示汉英翻译的规律和策略。从系统功能语言学的人际功能出发,对英国诗人丁尼生的诗歌＂Break,Break,Break＂及其三个中译本进行对比分析,探讨在翻译过程中由不同措辞所产生的人际意义上的差异,审视中译文在人际意义表达上的准确性,阐明英诗汉译中采用的一些翻译策略。     

直接热与间接热烘茧效果的比较

<正> 目前,国内蚕茧干燥设备普遍采用直接式烟道气烘茧和间接式热风烘茧两种类型,但两种烘茧灶孰优孰劣却一直没有一个权威性的定论,对此,中国丝绸进出口总公司从1991年秋季起,组织国内蚕茧收烘技术专家,聘请各地在蚕茧收烘方面有专长的工程技术人员,对全国烘茧使用最广泛的直接式和间接式烘茧工艺,选择了江苏、浙江、山东、安徽四个有代表性的省,进     

论宋词的表现手法与文化内涵及其翻译实践——以《江城子》的两个译本为例

翻译实践中，对汉语诗词的表现手法与文化内涵理解不够，会影响译文的意美，甚至歪曲原作的本意。文中比较分析了许渊冲和伯顿·华岑翻译的苏轼（乙卯正月二十日夜记梦）英译本，认为两个译本各有千秋，互为补充，相得益彰，但也都有不足之处。     

论胡适译诗《六百男儿行》中的误译

胡适译诗《六百男儿行》不仅在风格、内容等方面一定程度上偏离原诗,而且在诗歌所表达的意图上更是与原诗截然不同。为了进一步分析译诗《六百男儿行》中的误译,笔者拟从胡适的翻译目的、翻译风格以及对读者因素的考虑出发进行探讨,从而更好地赏析译诗,并希望能够抛砖引玉,给有意识误译的赏析带来一些启示。     

Measuring herding behavior in Border collie—effect of protocol structure on usefulness for selection

From 1989 until 2003, the Swedish Sheepdog Society used a standardized method, Herding Trait Characterization (HTC), to describe herding behavior of individual Border collies for breeding purposes. In the HTC, which existed in 2 consecutive versions, the dog’s herding behavior was described using predefined scales typically consisting of 6 classes within each trait. In total, 1,663 dogs participated in the first version and 951 in the second. The main difference between the versions was the structure of the protocols used to record the traits. In the first version, the scales were designed to describe the intensity in the expression of the measured traits. In the second version, the most desirable behavioral expression was placed in the middle of the scale. Another difference was that in the second version, the judges were given more freedom for their own interpretations, that is, the scales were more subjective. The objective of this study was to examine the quality of each version from a breeding perspective, and to analyze the reasons for possible differences in this respect between them. Heritability estimates for the 17 traits of the earlier version of the HTC ranged from 0.14 to 0.50 (weighted average: 0.30), all significantly different from 0. Corresponding heritabilities for the 19 traits in the later version were substantially lower (0.03-0.41, weighted average: 0.16), 3 of them not being significantly different from 0. Owing to the moderate-to-high heritabilities for the traits measured in the earlier version of the HTC, it would be possible to accomplish effective selection of breeding animals for most of the measured traits. It is plausible that the less neutral and more subjective protocol of the later version is the main cause for the lower heritabilities.     

新版国家标准《新城疫诊断技术》血凝和血凝抑制试验的理解与操作实践

血凝（HA）和血凝抑制试验（HI）主要是用于新城疫病原鉴定和抗体效价测定,新版《新城疫诊断技术》（GB/T16550-2020）对HA和HI试验判定结果进行了修改和细化,使其更加标准和规范。为尽快理解新版标准要求,熟练掌握操作要领,对新、旧版标准中HA和HI试验进行了比较,新版标准增加了对HA和HI试验4HAU抗原配制的标定、静置时间以及结果判定的改变。新版标准在操作步骤上更为精准详细,4HAU抗原配置更加准确,从而使得HI试验结果更加科学。本文结合实际检测,为广大实验室检验人员、大专院校学生及科研人员更好地理解新版标准,更熟练地操作,从而为提高试验结果准确性提供了参考。     

Comparison of androst-16-ene steroid levels determined by a colorimetric assay with boar taint estimated by a trained sensory panel

A group of 17 intact male pigs and 3 gilts ranging in weight from 96 to 260 kg was selected for sensory evaluation of boar taint in loin chops. Samples were evaluated by 10 trained judges using a 10-cm graphic scale for rating off-aroma, off-flavor, pork flavor, softness, tenderness, juiciness, and residual tissue. In addition, a fry test for taint was conducted by four experienced testers on fat samples from all animals. Androst-16-ene steroid levels were measured in salivary gland and fat. Two versions of a colorimetric assay for the androst-16-ene steroids were used, a complete version, in which cholesterol was removed from the tissue extracts using a digitonin-Sepharose affinity column, and a simplified version, which does not include this step. The off-aroma and off-flavor sensory scores showed a good correlation with the androst-16-ene levels in fat and salivary glands and high correlations were obtained between the androst-16-ene steroid levels in fat and salivary glands. The levels of the androst-16-ene steroids in the salivary gland were highly correlated with the levels of estrogen in the blood and to a lesser extent with the levels of testosterone in the blood. Similar correlation coefficients were obtained between salivary gland androst-16-ene steroid levels measured using either the complete or simplified versions of the colorimetric assay and the off-aroma and off-flavor sensory scores. The results of the fry test were variable and no statistically significant correlations were obtained between the fry test results and the off-aroma and off-flavor sensory scores from the trained sensory panel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Estimation of Pathogen Prevalence in Pooled Samples Using Maximum Likelihood Methods and Open-Source Software

Abstract

We provide the computer program code to estimate pathogen prevalence and calculate confidence intervals for estimates based on maximum likelihood methods for the open-source statistical and graphics package R and a commercially licensed statistical package, the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). We correct a previously published SAS program to allow use of newer versions of the SAS software and provide a second SAS program that will work in either version of SAS. All of the programs allow users to calculate prevalence from any number of pooled samples representing different numbers of individuals, and two of these programs allow users to make estimates from data pools that are entirely test-positive or test-negative.     

跨境动物疫病传入风险评估指标体系构建

本研究利用实体-联系模型(entity relationship model,E-R)和相关文献,对动物疫病跨境传入的实体与相关属性特征进行分析和总结,旨在构建一个跨境动物疫病传入风险评估指标体系。新构建的指标体系由国家疫情流行因素、国家疫病监测与防控因素、疫病固有因素等9个一级指标、36个二级指标构成,从疫情国传出风险、生物特征风险、输入国传入风险3个维度进行风险因素分析。该指标体系的构建为动物疫病传入风险防控的大数据平台建设、疾病管理和决策等提供了支持。     

模拟盐和干旱胁迫对4种虉草杂交后代种子萌发的影响

以YC10902、YC11101、YC11002、YC1084个品系为材料,分别利用100mmol/LNaCl模拟盐分胁迫、10%PEG-600模拟干旱胁迫和交互处理后对相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、根长和芽长等指标进行隶属度综合评价。结果表明:盐胁迫不仅发生在虉草(Phalaris arundinacea)种子萌发早期,苗后生长期也受到显著影响;干旱胁迫主要发生在苗后生长期;交互胁迫的影响最显著,发生在苗后生长期,尤以对胚芽的生长限制为主。在单一盐胁迫和干旱胁迫下YC108表现最好;在交互处理下,YC11101品系表现最好,YC108仅次于YC11101。试验表明YC108和YC11101品系在科尔沁地区具有良好的种植潜力。     

2个黑麦草品种SPAD值和叶绿素及粗蛋白含量的相关性研究

通过测定黑麦草(Loliumperenne)"长江2号"和"蓝天堂"2个品种间叶片的SPAD值、叶绿素含量和粗蛋白质含量,比较分析了这2个品种的SPAD值、叶绿素含量、粗蛋白质含量的差异以及三者之间的关系。研究结果表明,"长江2号"无论是SPAD值、叶绿素含量还是蛋白质含量都比"蓝天堂"高;这2个黑麦草品种的第1叶SPAD值、叶绿素含量和粗蛋白质含量都高于第2叶,但这2个品种的这3个性状差异不显著;"蓝天堂"和"长江2号"的SPAD值与叶绿素含量、粗蛋白质含量均呈显著正相关。     

急性热应激对山羊血液生化指标及血淋巴细胞热休克蛋白70家族基因表达的影响

旨在研究急性热应激对山羊抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血淋巴细胞热休克蛋白70(HSP70)家族基因表达的影响。本试验选取5只健康、体况接近的(12±0.5)月龄波尔山羊×关中奶山羊杂交F1母羊,饲养于环控舱内(温度维持20℃,相对湿度60%),适应5d。第6天利用环控舱对5只试验羊进行38℃急性热应激处理12h,采集热应激前(0h,20℃)和热应激后2、4、8和12h试验羊血样。分别利用比色法测定血清抗氧化指标(总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量),ELISA法测定血清免疫指标(免疫球蛋白和细胞因子含量),实时荧光定量PCR法测定血淋巴细胞HSP70家族基因(HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8)mRNA的表达量。结果显示:1)热应激时间对血清抗氧化指标有显著影响。与热应激前0h相比,血清T-AOC(P<0.05)、SOD(P<0.05)和GSH-Px(P<0.01)活性均在热应激8h后显著下降,MDA含量在热应激4h后显著增加(P<0.05)。2)热应激时间对血清免疫指标有显著影响。与热应激前0h相比,血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ和IL-2含量分别在热应激4、8、8和4h后显著增加(P<0.05);IL-4(P<0.01)、IgG(P<0.01)、IgM(P<0.01)和IgA(P<0.05)含量分别在热应激12、4、4和4h后显著下降。3)热应激时间显著提高血淋巴细胞中HSP70家族基因(HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8)的表达量。HSPA1AmRNA表达量呈先升高后下降的趋势,在热应激4h时达到峰值,各检测时间点均显著高于应激前水平(P<0.01);HSPA6mRNA表达量在热应激2h时显著升高(P<0.01),4h后恢复到应激前水平(P>0.05);HSPA8mRNA表达量在热应激4(P<0.05)、8(P<0.01)、12h(P<0.01)时显著高于应激前水平。在本试验条件下,38℃急性热应激能够抑制山羊的免疫和抗氧化功能;提高血淋巴细胞HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8基因的表达量,其中HSPA1A对热应激温度和时间更敏感,可作为山羊热应激早期的分子标志物。