红脂大小蠹高效引诱剂林间引诱试验结果初报

红脂大小蠹是原产北美近年传入我国的一种危险性森林害虫 ,生活隐蔽 ,防治难度很大。为筛选出对我国油松林中红脂大小蠹种群有高效引诱作用的药剂 ,为今后控制红脂大小蠹的危害提供经济、实用、高效的监测方法和防治技术提供技术和物质依据 ,作者于 2 0 0 2年 5～ 7月在石家庄井陉和邢台内丘两地 ,先后进行了连续 2次的引诱试验。试验以加拿大生产的商品和松节油分别作为对照 ,共对 2 7种不同药剂的林间引诱效果进行了测定。试验结果表明 ,2B -7号引诱剂引诱效果显著好于加拿大对照 (a=0 .0 1 4) ,每个诱捕器平均诱虫数量比加拿大引诱剂多 96.3 9%。初步测算其成本比购买加拿大产品低 3 0 %～ 5 0 %以上。     

新一代绿色环保型杀虫烟剂--苦参·烟碱烟剂的研制

黑龙江省平山林业制药厂经过多年的筛选试验 ,筛选出了一种即适合做烟雾剂主剂又具环保性能且高效杀虫的药剂苦参·烟碱。经对供热剂、燃料、发烟剂、助剂等配料的严格配比调试 ,已经生产出了符合烟剂产品质量标准的合格产品。于2 0 0 2年春开始在黑龙江省部分地区进行批量的生产性示范试验 ,并经农业部农药鉴定所专家论证 ,批准由国家林业局森防总站、吉林省植保站、黑龙江植保站、内蒙农科院在 4个省份进行跨地区防治松毛虫的登记试验。苦参·烟碱烟剂产品的开发成功 ,可以说是我国森林病虫害防治药剂的一大飞跃。因为 ,森林病虫害的防治…     

新型植物健康激活剂——康壮素

康壮素 (MessengerTM ,信使 )是美国伊甸 (EDEN)生物技术公司运用新型生物技术研制成功的一种生物制剂 ,其主要成分为HarpinEa(超敏蛋白 )。现已在美国各种作物上广泛应用 ,并获美国“绿色环保奖”。在我国已获登记 ,农药登记证号为LS2 0 0 16 0。主要性能 :1.对人畜低毒、无害 ,对作物、环境安全。该产品属天然的生物蛋白 ,含 385个氨基酸 ,分子量为 4 4DK ,雌、雄大白鼠经口LD 5 0 >5 0 0 0mg/kg ,经皮LD5 0 >6 0 0 0mg/kg。中国的毒性试验只做到 2 15 0mg/kg ,定为低毒 ,喷在植物叶面 3～ 4天即会迅速降解 ,对人、畜安全。2 .作用…     

沙棘番茄酸奶的研制

以沙棘汁、番茄汁、酸奶为主要原料,配以白砂糖、稳定剂等辅料,运用合理的加工工艺,通过正交试验和感官评定的方法,研制出了一种风味独特、多种营养素兼容的具有保健功能的搅拌型酸奶,研究结果表明该产品的最佳配方为：沙棘汁3．5％,番茄汁21％,白砂糖6％,稳定剂（CMC）0．4％。     

沙棘化妆品皮肤变态反应试验

用沙棘籽油作为化妆品原料制成的沙棘化妆品，通过皮肤变态反应试验，结果表明产品过敏率为0，可以预见对人体皮肤引起皮肤变态反应的可能性很小，沙棘化妆品是安全性很高的产品。     

延缓中密度纤维板(MDF)老化速度的研究

为提高MDF产品的耐老化性能,选用BS加速老化试验法对MDF素板、贴面板、浸渍板及涂饰板4种板材进行试验比较。试验结果表明,对MDF产品表面采用一定的方法进行处理,可达到延缓MDF 制品老化速度的目的。     

苗圃地套种凤尾菇试验

苗圃地栽培凤尾菇 ,不但能提高土壤肥力 ,有利于苗木生长 ,而且可大大提高土地的利用率。为此 ,笔者于 1999年至 2 0 0 0年进行了苗圃地栽培凤尾菇的试验研究 ,现将试验结果报告如下 :1　供试材料及试验方法1.1　品种和培养料凤尾菇是平菇的近缘种 ,具有生产方法简单、生物效率高 ( 80 %～ 10 0 % )、生产周期短等特点 ,且比平菇耐高温 ,易于推广 ,故选用了凤尾菇作为栽培种。母种引自中国农科院菌保所 ,培养料为棉籽壳 ,辅料为石膏粉、过磷酸钙、生石灰、高锰酸钾。总投料为 :棉子壳30 0 kg、石膏粉 3kg、过磷酸钙 3kg。1.2　菌种制备1.2 .…     

神兴牌仕康咀嚼片改善视力试验初报

神兴牌仕康咀嚼片是以沙棘果、菊花、桑叶、叶黄素、天然β 胡萝卜素、乳酸锌为原料精制而成 ,采用双盲法对 5 1人进行了试食试验。t检验结果表明 ,本产品视力改善有效率达 6 8 37% (P <0 0 1)。眼屈光度 ( D)有所下降 ,降低 - 0 5D以上者为 6 7 35 % (P <0 0 1) ,受试者的主观感觉良好 ,血液生化指标及体检指标试食前后均无异常变化     

老龄梨树高接换种试验研究

老龄梨树品种低劣、产量低、质量差、树势衰弱 ,尤其产量低、质量差是生产中存在的一个突出问题。为提高老龄梨树的产量和质量 ,柴胡店镇林业站自 1 997年开始利用 5a的时间 ,在山东省滕州市刘村梨园开发基地对老龄梨树进行了高接换种试验 ,现将结果总结如下 :1　试验材料和方法试验设在山东省滕州市柴胡店镇刘村三组梨园 ,树龄 40～ 1 0 0a ,面积 1 0hm2 。该试验是在大田技术管理相同的条件下进行的。采用小区试验与大田示范相结合的方法进行。接穗由本园提供 ,品种为砀山酥梨、丰水梨。砧木为 40～ 1 0 0a树龄的鸭梨、绵梨、花皮楸等品种…     

Bt油悬浮剂防治马尾松毛虫试验研究初报

利用苏云金杆菌的新剂型———油悬浮剂进行防治马尾松毛虫试验 ,试验结果表明 :该剂每hm2 3 0 0 0mL、45 0 0mL、60 0 0mL 3种施药量 ,其防治效果在 1 %显著水平下与 40 0 0倍敌杀死比较差异显著。     

Chronic toxicity of Gynostemma pentaphyllum

The effect of water extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was evaluated on 6-month chronic toxicity in Wistar rats. Control group received orally 10 ml kg(-1) day(-1). The extract was orally given to the five treatment groups at the doses of 6, 30, 150, 750 and 750 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 24 weeks. The last group served as the recovery group. The results showed that the extract did not produce any significant dose-related changes. Therefore, it is concluded that the extract of G. pentaphyllum at the given doses did not produce any significant toxic effect in rats during 6-month period of the treatment.     

沙棘籽油的毒性实验研究

沙棘籽油灌胃对小、大白鼠的LD50分别&gt;60 ml/kg,20 ml/kg;小白鼠皮下注射的LD50&gt;20 ml/kg.沙棘籽油按2 ml/kg,5 ml/kg及10 ml/kg分组给大白鼠每天灌胃,连续3个月.除大剂量(10 ml/kg)组有部分大鼠粪便变软,后期大鼠毛发稍变黄、食欲稍降低外,给油组鼠的行为活动、体重、血液检查(血红蛋白、红细胞数、白细胞数及其分类)及肝功(SGPT)、肾功(血清尿素氮含量)等,与对照组比较皆无显著性差异(P&gt;0.05).病理学检查,给油组鼠的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肾上腺、胸腺、睾丸、子宫卵巢等器官的肉眼观察及病理切片组织形态检查,均未发现明显损害性病理改变.与对照组比较,皆未发现明显差异.     

沙棘果油的毒性实验研究

沙棘果油以15ml/kg,30ml/kg及60ml/kg分组给小白鼠ig;10ml/kg,20ml/kg及40 ml/kg分组给大白鼠ig.观察7 d,皆未测出LD50.给小白鼠SC10ml/kg,20 ml/kg;给兔背部完整或破损皮肤涂2.5 ml/kg及10ml/kg,观察7 d,未见明显中毒症状.按2ml/kg,5 ml/kgg及10ml/kg每天分组给大白鼠ig,连续90 d.给油组鼠的体重,血液学检查,血液生化学检查等,与对照组比较皆无显著性差异(P＞0.05).给油组鼠的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肾上腺、胸腺、睾丸、子宫卵巢等器官肉眼观察、及病理切片组织形态光镜检查,均未发现明显损害性病理改变,与对照组比较,未发现明显差异.对豚鼠皮肤,兔眼睛及阴道局部应用,未见明显刺激反应.豚鼠皮肤过敏试验,未见过敏反应.     

Acacia angustissima: Its anti-nutrients constituents, toxicity and possible mechanisms to alleviate the toxicity – a short review

In most tropical countries poor nutrition limits ruminant productivity. The main feed resources include native pasture and crop residues, which are low in nitrogen (6.2-10.6 g/kg DM) and high in fibre (676-772 g/kg DM). Nutritional deficiencies of these feeds can be alleviated by supplementation with fodder trees such as Acacia angustissima, which are multipurpose, have outstanding agronomical attributes and are rich in nitrogen (33.2-40.8 g/kg DM). However, feeding A. angustissima without adaptation caused toxicity to sheep. Rats fed diets containing 20% A. angustissima died within 2-5 d. Intake and average daily gain (6.0 and 0.5 g/d) were significantly (P 0.05) reduced in rats fed a diet containing 70% acetone extract compared to the rats fed the control diet (8.8 and 3.1 g/d). Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) improved in-vitro gas and ammonia production from A. angustissima leaves (gas, 3.9 to 13.4 ml/100g DM; ammonia, 2.8 to 8.5 mM). PEG also increased DM intake (696 and 860 g /d) in sheep fed A. angustissima. These results suggested that tannin contributed to the negative effects of A. angustissima. Non-protein amino acids (4-N-acetyl-2, 4-diaminobutanoic acid, acetyl diaminopropionic acid, oxalyl diamino butyric, oxalyl diaminopropionic) have also been isolated from A. angustissima leaves. Feeding A. angustissima to sheep by gradually increasing levels in the diet prevented toxicity. Additionally, transfer of rumen contents from adapted to non-adapted sheep prevented toxicity of A. angustissima. These observations suggested that adaptation was at the microbial level. Current work to alleviate the toxicity of A. angustissima is therefore focused on microbial adaptation and detoxification. Tannin-tolerant bacteria have been isolated from sheep adapted to A. angustissima and free-ranging animals. Work on non-protein amino acids is underway. Overcoming the negative effects of the anti-nutritional factors in A. angustissima would not only improve livestock productivity but also result in improvement of the environment. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Antiinflammatory activity and acute toxicity of Dodonaea viscosa

The hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of the leaves of Dodonaea viscosa, given by oral route at dose of 300 mg/kg, significantly inhibited the paw edema induced by carrageenin injection. The extract did not show any sign of toxicity in mice up to 5000 mg/kg p.o. This result seems to support the use of D. viscosa leaves ethanolic extract in relieving inflammation.     

Ectomycorrhizas and cadmium toxicity in Norway spruce seedlings

We studied the effects of ectomycorrhizal colonization by Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton S238 and Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. 533 on cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Norway spruce seedlings (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings were exposed to 0 (control), 0.5 or 5 &mgr;M CdSO(4) for 9 weeks in a sand culture system with frequent addition of nutrient solutions. In pure culture, P. involutus and L. bicolor showed similar Cd tolerance. However, in symbiosis, the Cd treatments decreased colonization by L. bicolor but not by P. involutus. Paxillus involutus ameliorated the negative effects of 0.5 &mgr;M Cd on shoot and root growth and chlorophyll content of old needles, whereas L. bicolor did not. Mycorrhizal colonization did not affect Cd concentrations of old needles and roots of seedlings. Despite differences between the ectomycorrhizal fungi in colonization and ability to alleviate Cd toxicity of seedlings, both species reduced Cd concentrations of young needles to a similar degree compared with nonmycorrhizal seedlings. However, in the 0.5 &mgr;M Cd treatment, the Cd content of needles of seedlings colonized by P. involutus was increased, whereas the Cd content of needles of seedlings colonized by L. bicolor was similar to that of needles of nonmycorrhizal seedings. When the amount of Cd translocated to needles was expressed on a root length basis to account for differences in the size of the root systems, the amount of Cd translocated to the needles was similar in seedlings mycorrhizal with P. involutus and in nonmycorrhizal seedlings. All mycorrhizal seedlings were similarly affected by 5 &mgr;M Cd, indicating that the amelioration efficiency of ectomycorrhizal fungi is dependent on the metal concentration to which the roots are exposed. Concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn were decreased by 5 &mgr;M Cd to a similar extent in both nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal seedlings. In contrast to L. bicolor, P. involutus increased P uptake and altered patterns of root branching. We conclude that mycorrhizas alleviate Cd-induced reductions in growth of Picea abies seedlings. Although the two mycorrhizal fungi examined differed in their ability to alleviate Cd toxicity, these differences were not related to differences in Cd uptake or translocation to the shoot of the mycorrhizal seedlings. We suggest that amelioration of Cd toxicity by P. involutus may be a result of improved P nutrition or changes in root morphology, or both.     

4种药剂对杜鹃冠网蝽的药效试验和毒力测定

为有效防治杜鹃主要害虫杜鹃冠网蝽,选择37%高氯·马、1.8%阿维菌素、5%吡虫啉·氯氰菊酯复配乳油以及10%吡虫啉4种药剂,进行室内毒力测定及药效试验。结果表明:4种药剂对杜鹃冠网蝽均有较好的防治效果,药后5天的防治效果均达到100%,其中5%吡虫啉·氯氰菊酯复配乳油1 000倍液,药后1天、2天和3天对杜鹃冠网蝽的防效分别达到93.3%、98.9%、100%。4种药剂的毒力排序为5%吡虫啉·氯氰菊酯复配乳油37%高氯·马1.8%阿维菌素10%吡虫啉。     

Pyrolysis and combustion toxicity of wood treated with CCA

Summary The study was carried out in order to determine the effects of CCA on the pyrolysis and the combustion toxicity of wood. The results from CCA treated wood are summarized as follows: 1. CCA accelerated the beginning of pyrolysis of wood, increased the activation energies for the weight loss by pyrolysis, and increased the char yields in both air and helium. 2. Almost all the original amounts of cromium and copper were retained in the ash while some of the arsenic evolved into the gas phase, which increased with increasing temperature and air supply. 3. The combustion toxicity of wood samples was affected more by the sample density and CO concentration than CCA. It is concluded that for minimizing gaseous toxicants from arsenic, CCA treated wood must be burned at low temperatures with a reduced air supply.     

木本植物重金属毒害及抗性机理

主要从重金属对木本植物毒害作用和木本植物对重金属的抗性机理方面,综述了国内外在该领域的研究进展,并分析了现阶段在研究重金属对木本植物的毒害和木本植物对重金属的抗性机理方面存在的问题,提出了今后的研究趋势。     

中华沙棘油对动物的毒性实验研究

实验用中华沙棘油是以沙棘籽油为主 ,含有一定量沙棘果油的混合油。用 30 m l/ kg及 6 0 m l/ kg分组给小白鼠 ig,观察 7d,小鼠皆无死亡。按 2 m l/ kg,5 ml/ kg及 10 m l/ kg三个剂量 ,每天分组给大白鼠 ig,连续 90 d,各组大鼠的行为活动 ,体重等与对照组比较 ,均无明显差异。在给油 3个月时及停油后两周 ,分批作血液学检查 ,测血红蛋白 ,红细胞数 ,白细胞数及其分类 ,血小板数等 ;作血液生化学检查 ,测血清谷丙转氨酶 ,血清谷草转氨酶 ,碱性磷酸酶 ,总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇 ,总胆红素 ,尿素氮 ,肌酐 ,血糖等指标 ,与相应对照组比较 ,均无显著性差异 ( P>0 .0 5 ) ;病理学检查 ,大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、肾上腺、甲状腺、胸腺、睾丸、前列腺、子宫、卵巢等器官的湿重 ,肉眼观察及病理切片光镜下组织形态检查 ,皆未发现明显病理损害。与对照组比较 ,皆无明显差异。表明本实验条件下 ,中华沙棘油给大鼠 ig 3个月 ,未发现明显毒性反应。停油两周 ,也未发现迟缓性毒性反应。