帽儿山林木生长及抚育的研究

笔者提出了饱和接近率的概念 ,可以用于描述林木间竞争的强度 ,并可用于发现那些接近于停滞生长的林木 ,以便在抚育间伐时将这些林木伐去 ;笔者还对三种常用的生物生长模型分析了内在的缺点 ,即生长速率与生物年龄无关。为了体现年龄对生物生长的影响 ,应在生长方程的右边乘上年龄因子t-b。     

有时滞的生物模型的解的振荡性

本文对两个具有时滞的生物数学模型进行了研究。结果表明:当时滞大到一定程度时,模型的任何非常数解,都绕其平衡状态振荡。从而揭示了具时滞的模型的解与不具时滞的模型的解之间的本质差别。也较好地解释了传统生态学观点不能解释的有关实验结果。将时滞看作为生物种群数量振荡的内在原因,这是对有关传统观点的更新和补充。     

一类一阶和二阶超前型泛函微分方程的解的振动性

本文研究了下述一阶和二阶超前型泛函微分方程y′(t)+a(t)y(t)+b(t)y(t+τ)=0及y″(t)+a(t)y′(t)+b(t)y(t)+c(t)y(t+τ)=0的解的振动性。其中τ>0为常数。     

一阶无界时滞中立型微分方程解的振动性

研究了一阶无界时滞中立型微分方程解的振动性,建立了该方程解振动的若干充分条件,并将相关文献中的部分结果进行了改进和推广.     

奇异边值问题的对称正解

讨论了二阶奇异边值问题:-x″=λf(t,x),x(0)=x(1)=0的对称正解的存在性.使用锥不动点定理,得到了方程存在对称正解的若干充分条件,允许f(t,x)在t=0、1或x=0处奇异.     

可变时滞非自治Logistic方程的全局吸引性

主要研究一类可变时滞非自治Logistic方程的全局吸引性,通过分别研究非振动解和振动解的性质并使用一定的分析技巧结合不等式的方法,得到了方程的正平衡态为全局吸子的新的充分条件,这些条件便于验证．所得到的结果推广并改进了相关文献中的一些结果,也完善并补充了非自治变时滞Logistic方程的全局吸引性问题的研究工作．     

林分结构动态模型的研究(英文)

为研究林分结构的动态变化,该文提出了一个偏微分方程定解问题的数学模型．通过求解这个定解问题,得到了用单木的直径生长和枯损来描述林分结构动态变化的解析表达式．为了验证这个模型,对一块小叶松林分的直径结构的变化进行了动态模拟和预测．结果表明,模拟和预测的直径分布与样本数据非常吻合．     

具有Markov参数随机时滞微分方程的吸引性

应用半鞅收敛定理和■to公式对具有Markov参数随机时滞微分方程的吸引性进行了讨论,给出了吸引子存在的条件.最后,通过了一个例子对得到的结果进行了说明.     

一类带弱奇异核Volterra积分微分方程的数值逆方法

给出了一种求一类带弱奇异核Volterra积分微分方程的数值新方法,即基于Laplace变换的数值逆方法,并给出了数值例子.     

临安市森林资源消耗量的灰色系统建模

应用灰色系统建模理论与方法，以临安市１９８５～１９９９年森林资源消耗量为时间序列数据，建立ＧＭ（１，１）消耗预测模型为：　回测的最大误差为６．７％，平均误差４．７％，回测精度较高。预测模型经后验差比检验：Ｃ＝０．００３３＜０．３５，小误差频率检验：Ｐ＝１＞０．９５，模型精度为Ⅰ级（表３参４）。     

损伤理论在既有混凝土桥梁承载力研究中的应用

以一既有混凝土简支梁为研究对象,基于损伤力学理论方法,研究老化混凝土的力学性能,建立了老化混凝土本构模型.利用此本构模型,对既有混凝土简支试验梁进行了数值模拟,验证了基于损伤力学理论建立的混凝土本构模型的正确性.     

双戊烯合成萜马加成物反应的动力学及主产物结构的研究

以稀土金属氧化物为催化剂，催化工业双民顺丁烯二酸酐连续进行异构／Ｄｉｅｌｓ－Ａｌｄｅｒ反应，合成出萜烯／马来酸酐加成物；用气相色谱法跟踪研究了反应的进程，并模拟了反应反动力学方程，鉴定了主产物的结构，结果表明动力学方程的拟合精度好，平均相对误差小于２．５％；产物中绝大部分是正常的双烯加成物。     

Total and Merchantable Volume Equations for Tectona grandis Linn. f. Plantations in Karnataka,India

Tectona grandis (teak) is one of the most important timber species worldwide and India is one of the major teak growing countries. Though some volume equations were developed in the past in India, merchantable volume equations (any top diameter or bole length) are not available. Moreover, the models developed were neither quantitatively and qualitatively evaluated nor validated with independent data sets. Hence, the objective of this study was to develop appropriate volume equations to predict total tree volume and merchantable volume for teak in Karnataka.

Linear and non-linear equations were used to model the relationship of the volume with respect to diameter at breast height (dbh) and total height. Merchantable volume equations for estimating merchantable volume to any minimum top diameter or bole length have also been constructed. The equations tested mostly fitted well to the data. Other models developed elsewhere tended to underestimate the volume, especially at dbh ≥ 23 cm. The geometric cylinder volume equation, in combination with a stem form factor of .40, is widely used for teak in Karnataka but they were found to be less precise compared to regression equations when applied to the present data set. Model validation indicated that models should be calibrated with local data for greater accuracy in the prediction.     

Models for predicting lumber bending MOR and MOE based on tree and stand characteristics in black spruce

In this study, a stepwise method was introduced to identify the best variables for predicting lumber static bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) based on stand and tree characteristics in black spruce (Picea mariana). In the initial development of the technique, the two equations were fitted independently using ordinary least squares (OLS). A test for cross-equation correlation using black spruce data showed highly significant correlation between the two equations. Since the cross-equation correlation exists between the two equations, more efficient parameter estimation can be achieved through joint-generalized least squares, better known as seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). A simultaneous system of two equations was derived for black spruce. The two methods were evaluated and compared for some statistical parameters. The results indicated that there is a small difference between the two methods, but parameter estimates from seemingly unrelated regression estimation had smaller standard errors in all cases as compared to those from ordinary least squares estimates. Therefore, the system estimation methods theoretically perform better for simultaneously interdependent systems of equations and the appropriate system estimation approaches are recommended for estimating coefficients in simultaneously interdependent systems of forestry equations.     

非均匀林冠降雨截留模型

考虑由彼此间有间距的树冠组成的非均匀林冠内的降雨截留过程,将以前的林冠截留理论模型从水平均匀随机分布林冠推广到非均匀林冠,导出相应的偏微分方程和截留量的计算公式,并以实例运行该模型,以揭示非均匀林冠在降雨截留过程中的一些细节特征.     

雷州尾叶桉树冠指标与抚育间伐关系的探讨

通过对雷州尾叶桉树冠有效受光面积、树冠比率、树冠投影面积进行调查研究,分别用树冠有效受光面积、树冠比率、投影面积与胸径建立一元幂函数回归方程进行研究与分析,结果表明树冠有效受光面积公式对指导培育中径材较好;树冠比率与树冠投影面积公式的回归效果基本一致,对指导培育小径材较为理想,并利用上述回归公式编制单株营养面积、公顷立木株数和公顷基面积表为尾叶桉人工林的抚育间伐设计与施工提供理论依据。     

竹片胀缩性能的初步研究

通过对竹材胶合板生产的半成品“软化—展开”竹片胀缩性能的测定,得到了胀缩性能各指标与一些因子间的回归方程,分析了竹片胀缩的变化规律,为竹材的加工利用提供一些依据。     

Stem taper equations for poplars growing on farmland in Sweden

We developed a simple polynomial taper equation for poplars growing on former farmland in Sweden and also evaluated the performance of some well-known taper equations. In Sweden there is an increasing interest in the use of poplar. Effective management of poplar plantations for high yield production would be facilitated by taper equations providing better predictions of stem volume than currently available equations. In the study a polynomial stem taper equation with five parameters was established for individual poplar trees growing on former farmland. The outputs of the polynomial taper equation were compared with five published equations. Data for fitting the equations were collected from 69 poplar trees growing at 37 stands in central and southern Sweden (lat. 55-60° N). The mean age of the stands was 21 years (range 14-43), the mean density 984 stems ha -1 (198 3,493), and the mean diameter at breast height (outside bark) 25 cm (range 12-40). To verify the tested equations, performance of accuracy and precision diameter predictions at seven points along the stem was closely analyzed. Statistics used for evaluation of the equations indicated that the variable exponent taper equation presented by Kozak (1988) performed best and can be recommended. The stem taper equation by Kozak (1988) recommended in the study is likely to be beneficial for optimising the efficiency and profitability of poplar plantation management. The constructed polynomial equation and the segmented equation presented by Max & Burkhart (1976) were second and third ranked. Due to the statistical complexity of Kozak’s equation, the constructed polynomial equation is alternatively recommended when a simple model is requested and larger bias is accepted.     

LARCH AND WHITE BIRCH GROWTH STRESSES'EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTIONDuringtreegrowth,thetrunkgrowthstressesareproduced-Growthstressescanbeconsideredasakindofresidualstresses.Thestresses'existencedecreasetheeffectiveutilizationpercentoftimder,forexample,theycancausefalureoftimberend,andthismakesalotoftimbercutting;theycanmakewoodplatewarpage,and'thusitmustbereworkedinordertoreachthelevelofsellingandusingandsoon.Allofthesemakealotofwasteofwood.Accordingtothereport,inFrance,thelosscausedbygroWthstressesinbeechonlyismorethanonemillionfranceachyea…