新分离牛轮状病毒及其血清型的研究

从爆发犊牛腹泻的牛群中分离到一株轮状病毒,（CHLY）并以其感染的MA-104为试验材料,较为系统的对轮状病毒的形态结构及其宿主的超微病变进行了观察,并将其主要保护性抗原VP7基因克隆入pUCm-T载体进行序列分析及测定,鉴定其血清型。轮状病毒粒子为圆形颗粒,直径在60-70nm之间,病毒粒子由双层衣壳包裹,呈典型的轮状病毒车轮状结构。在轮状病毒感染的细胞质中,可观察到处于不同发育阶段的子代病毒粒子。对轮状病毒的中和抗原VP7的序列分析结果表明CHLY与G6血清型轮状病毒RF株同源性最高,核苷酸同源性为98．9％,结果表明分离的轮状病毒CHLY株为G6型轮状病毒。     

G群轮状病毒鸽群分离株的全基因分析

为分析鸽轮状病毒中国分离株的特性,采用高通量测序方法,测定从山东省青岛市某活禽交易市场采集的肉鸽粪便样品中分离的轮状病毒基因组,并对其进行特性分析与比较基因组研究。结果显示,G群轮状病毒鸽群分离株全基因包含11个节段,总长度为17 803 bp,具有与其他轮状病毒相似的结构和基因顺序。与24株轮状病毒代表性毒株的VP6氨基酸序列进化分析结果,以及其他5个结构蛋白氨基酸序列遗传进化分析结果均证实,该病毒属G群轮状病毒。该毒株与2011年从香港鸽群中分离的G群轮状病毒同源性最高,但衣壳糖蛋白VP7的氨基酸序列同源性仅为71.7%,抗原性存在较大差异。     

猪A群轮状病毒的分离与鉴定

目前国内对猪轮状病毒的研究较少,作者旨在对猪A群轮状病毒进行分离与鉴定,为后续猪轮状病毒致病机理和分子生物学特性研究奠定基础.用胰蛋白酶处理RT-PCR检测猪A群轮状病毒病原阳性的临床腹泻粪样,然后接种长成单层的MA-104细胞,进行病毒分离传代.再对分离毒株进行常规RT-PCR鉴定和电镜观察,并对分离毒株的VP6、VP7和VP8基因进行测序及序列分析.结果成功分离猪A群轮状病毒TM-a株,经序列同源性分析发现,与TM-a株VP6、VP7和VP8基因同源性最高的毒株分别为中国北京人源LL3354株、印度人源RMC321株和日本野猪源GUB-71株,其相似性为96.0％、95.1％和97.0％.该TM-a株轮状病毒不同基因表现出与人源轮状病毒和猪源轮状病毒的高度同源性,推测猪A群轮状病毒可能在人畜间传播,发生基因重组现象.     

鸭肝炎病毒分子流行病学分析

为了解我国鸭病毒性肝炎(DH)的流行情况,本研究用标准DH病毒(DHV)Ⅰ型(DHV-1)抗血清和新型DHV(N-DHV)抗血清对国内分离的7株DHV进行了血清中和试验。结果表明,PLK株和YB3株为DHV-1;YB1、YB2、YB5、HY2和HY3株为N-DHV。同时,对国内分离的9株病毒的抗原相关VP1基因进行RT-PCR扩增和测序,对VP1基因的核苷酸与推导的氨基酸序列分析的结果表明,3株DHV-1的氨基酸序列同源性为95%左右,6株N-DHV的氨基酸同源性为98%左右;DHV-1分离株与N-DHV分离株间氨基酸同源性为72%～77%。参照同属微RNA病毒的人肠病毒的血清型分型标准,通过对DHV VP1基因序列同源性比较,判定9株病毒的血清型。依据VP1基因序列同源性进行的血清型分型结果与根据抗原性鉴定进行的血清型分型结果一致。同血清型病毒株间的VP1基因变异很小,表明DHV的抗原性稳定。同型不同毒株间VP1基因的差异可以导致病毒在致病力、细胞感染能力等方面的差异。研究结果表明,目前我国存在DHV-1和N-DHV两种独立的血清型,但尚未见血清亚型的流行。     

仔猪感染猪轮状病毒的鉴定及基因分析

为弄清2013年年初上海某猪场发生的仔猪腹泻疫情病因,本研究随机采集发病猪场的仔猪腹泻样品9份,利用RT-PCR方法对采集样品进行病原检测。结果显示,9份临床样品中有4份为猪轮状病毒阳性,而猪流行性腹泻病毒和猪传染性胃肠炎病毒均为阴性。根据GenBank公布的猪轮状病毒参考株序列设计两对引物,对其中阳性样品的VP6和VP7基因进行RT-PCR扩增、基因克隆和序列测定分析。结果显示,4份阳性样品的VP6基因大小为1356 bp,VP7基因大小为1100 bp;序列分析结果显示,VP6基因与A群代表株OSU的氨基酸同源性为64.1%~87.0%,与代表株Gottfriend的氨基酸同源性为26.3%~60.8%;VP7基因与不同G型代表株的氨基酸同源性为71.8%~97.3%。根据上述结果分析,我们推测引起此次仔猪腹泻疫情中的主要病原是由属于A群G9血清型的猪轮状病毒引起,本研究为此次仔猪腹泻疫情的诊断提供了依据。     

猪轮状病毒分离与鉴定

采用MA104细胞从广东省某猪场患有明显腹泻症状的仔猪粪便中分离了1株产生明显细胞病变(CPE)的病毒。电镜观察显示,病毒粒子呈现较为典型的轮状病毒的形态特征;对其VP6基因进行序列分析,结果表明该分离株与A群猪轮状病毒代表株OSU和Gottfried的核苷酸同源分别为86.3%和80.8%,氨基酸序列同源性分别为97.7%和93.2%。综合所见,所分离的毒株为A群猪轮状病毒。     

猪轮状病毒地方株JL94株VP4基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank已发表的猪轮状病毒VP4基因保守序列,利用Oligo4.1软件设计一对引物扩增猪轮状病毒地方株JL94株VP4全基因序列;并将扩增产物与pMD-18T载体连接,经鉴定后将重组质粒进行测序并与国外分离株CRW-8株、BEN-307株进行核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性比较分析.结果表明:JL94株和CRW-8株、BEN-307株VP4全基因片段核苷酸同源性和氨基酸同源性分别为96.98%和98.05%,说明JL94株与CRW-8株、BEN-307株属于同一VP4血清型.本研究为进一步研制诊断性抗原和病毒重组活载体疫苗奠定了基础.     

一株猪轮状病毒的分离与鉴定

将1份经RT-PCR检测猪轮状病毒阳性的临床腹泻粪样感染Vero细胞,连续盲传8代,出现病变,成功分离到1株病毒,经RT-PCR检验和电镜观察,鉴定该病毒为轮状病毒,命名为GD-01-2015。扩增该病毒的VP4和VP7基因进行分型和系统进化分析,结果发现,其VP4基因为P[7]型,与来自韩国的猪源毒株K71同源性达到99.8%;其VP7基因为G5型,与来自韩国的猪源毒株06-6-1同源性达到99.7%。由此可以推测GD-01-2015株与韩国猪源毒株有相似的进化来源。根据轮状病毒分类委员会(RCWG)提出的A群轮状病毒的最新分类方法,GD-01-2015株基因型为G5P[7]。本研究为监测轮状病毒的流行状况及其疫苗的研制提供了理论依据。     

猪A群轮状病毒Hu B2020株的分离与基因型分析

本研究采集湖北省某猪场腹泻发病仔猪的肠道内容物,并对其进行分离与遗传进化分析。将病样接种MA-104细胞,分离获得1株能产生明显细胞病变的病毒,命名为HuB2020。对分离毒株进行多重RT-PCR方法检测,并对分离毒株的VP6和VP7基因进行扩增测序及遗传进化分析。结果表明,HuB2020分离株为猪A群轮状病毒,VP6基因（I5型）与山东分离株DZ-1的同源性最高（97.82%）;VP7基因（G9型）与四川分离株SWU-1C的同源性最高（95.51%）。近几年,猪轮状病毒的G9基因型增多,该病有再次流行暴发的潜在威胁。     

G8P[1]型牛轮状病毒的分离鉴定及序列分析

为了对大庆地区患有腹泻疾病的舍饲牛进行病原鉴定,通过RT-PCR方法对病料进行检测,将轮状病毒阳性样品接种MA104细胞进行病毒分离,扩增分离株VP7、VP4片段,将扩增产物纯化后连接在pMD18-T载体上,转化到大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞中进行亚克隆,将鉴定为阳性的重组质粒进行序列测定,并利用DNA Star与GenBank上的参考序列进行同源性分析。结果表明,从样品中分离到1株BRV毒株,将其命名NX23。核苷酸序列分析表明,分离株NX23属于G8P[1]型轮状病毒,确认了G8P[1]型牛轮状病毒在我国的流行,为我国BRV分子进化及其RV分子流行病学的进一步研究奠定基础。     

Detection and differentiation of bovine group A rotavirus serotypes using polymerase chain reaction-generated probes to the VP7 gene.

Dot and Northern blot hybridization assays were developed to detect and differentiate group A bovine rotavirus serotypes using radiolabeled serotype 6 (Nebraska calf diarrhea virus [NCDV] and United Kingdom [UK] strains) or serotype 10 (Crocker [Cr] strain) VP7 gene probes. Partial length VP7-specific cDNA encompassing areas of major sequence diversity were generated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using either cloned VP7 genes (NCDV and UK strains) or reverse transcribed mRNA (Cr strain) as templates. Radiolabeled probes prepared from the PCR-generated cDNA were tested at various stringency conditions to optimize the hybridization assays. At high stringency conditions (52 C, 50% formamide, 5 x standard saline citrate), the NCDV, UK, and Cr probes serotypically differentiated bovine rotavirus isolates in RNA samples prepared from cell culture propagated viruses or in fecal specimens from infected gnotobiotic calves. The sensitivity and specificity of NCDV and Cr VP7 probes were characterized in dot blot hybridization assays, and the probes were estimated to detect at least 1 ng of viral RNA. The serotyping results obtained using VP7 probes were similar to those obtained using serologic assays. Further development of these assays may provide a useful means for the rapid detection and differentiation of bovine rotavirus serotypes in fecal samples from calves in the field.     

Comparative study of bovine rotavirus isolates by plaque assay.

Rotaviruses were isolated on BSC-1 cells from counterimmunoelectrophoresis and/or electron microscopy positive intestinal contents from two asymptomatic and six diarrheic calves from Quebec. The plaque assay was performed using these lines and agar overlay medium containing trypsin and DEAE-dextran. This assay was used to compare the Quebec isolates to an attenuated American strain (NCDV) and another strain (TH) obtained from France. The NCDV strain produced plaques that were significantly larger than those produced by the TH strain. Three Quebec isolates produced plaques similar in size to TH strain, one isolate was similar to NCDV strain and another isolate produced larger plaques than those of both NCDV and TH strains. The other isolates induced the production of plaques that were not significantly different from those of NCDV or TH strains.     

Prevalence of antibodies to four bovine rotavirus strains in different age groups of cattle

Neutralizing antibody titers to four bovine rotavirus strains, representing three serotypes, were measured in 160 sera from cattle of different age groups. Age-specific seroprevalence analysis revealed serotype 6, represented by bovine rotavirus (BRV) NCDV, as the predominant rotavirus serotype infecting German cattle and serotype 10, represented by BRV V1005, as the least prominent. Infections with serotype 8, represented by BRV 678, occurred with intermediate frequency. Antibodies of young calves distinguished between NCDV and UK virus, two serotype 6 BRV strains differing in VP4 antigen.     

Serotyping and antigenic comparison of some animal rotaviruses isolated in China.

Eight strains of rotaviruses isolated from diarrheal animals (4 from calves and 4 from piglets) in China were compared by serotyping with reference animal rotavirus strains (bovine NCDV, porcine OSU and simian SA-11 and human rotavirus Wa strain). Two-way cross neutralization test showed no antigenic difference between all 4 local strains of bovine rotavirus (BRV007, BRV014, HN-7 and BRV6555) and reference NCDV, so they belonged to rotavirus serotype 6 (bovine rotavirus serotype 1 or NCDV-serotype). Meanwhile, the four strains of Chinese porcine rotavirus could be determined into 2 different serotypes. One (Li99) was neutralised to a high titer with the antiserum against reference OSU virus and probably related to OSU (serotype 5 or porcine serotype 1). The other three strains (Lin71, Nan86 and Jiang150) were antigenically obviously different from Li99 and did not react with the antiserum against OSU. They were tentatively considered as porcine rotavirus serotype 2. All the strains of bovine and porcine rotavirus did not cross-neutralise with simian SA-11 and human Wa strain. There was also no antigenic relationship between bovine rotaviruses and porcine rotaviruses.     

Longitudinal study of bovine rotavirus group A in newborn calves from vaccinated and unvaccinated dairy herds

Reports of rotavirus excretion in calves usually result from cross-sectional studies, and in face of the conflicting results regarding protection of calves born to vaccinated dams against diarrhea, the aim of the present study was to evaluate rotavirus excretion in dairy calves born to vaccinated or unvaccinated dams, to identify the genotypes of bovine rotavirus group A (RVA) strains isolated from these animals as well as to investigate characteristics of the disease in naturally occurring circumstances throughout the first month of life. Five hundred fifty-two fecal samples were taken from 56 calves, 28 from each farm and, in the vaccinated herd, 11/281 samples (3.91%) taken from six different calves tested positive for RVA while in the unvaccinated herd, 3/271 samples (1.11%) taken from 3 different calves tested positive. The genotyping of the VP7 genes showed 91.2% nucleotide sequence identity to G6 genotype (NCDV strain), and for the VP4 gene, strains from the vaccinated herd were 96.6% related to B223 strain, while strains from the unvaccinated herd were 88% related to P[5] genotype (UK strain). Genotypes found in this study were G6P[11] in the vaccinated herd and G6P[5] in the unvaccinated herd. All calves infected with rotavirus presented an episode of diarrhea in the first month of life, and the discrepancy between the genotypes found in the commercial vaccine (G6P[1] and G10P[11]) and the rotavirus strains circulating in both vaccinated and unvaccinated herds show the importance of keeping constant surveillance in order to avoid potential causes of vaccination failure.     

猪A组轮状病毒VP7基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为了研究猪A组轮状病毒VP7基因功能,根据GenBank中猪轮状病毒VP7基因DNA序列设计引物,以实验室轮状病毒上海分离株SH-1为模板,进行PCR扩增,将VP7基因克隆到pMD-18T载体后,进行序列测定及分析。结果表明:此序列编码326个氨基酸,其相对分子量为37.38 Ku,理论等电点(PI)为4.77。VP7蛋白以α螺旋为主,主要有13个抗原表位区域。系统进化树分析显示分离株SH-1与KM230930.1株亲缘关系最近,基因型分析结果是G10型,属于人兽共患病毒株。     

Isolation, identification and characterization of group A rotavirus from a chicken: the inner capsid protein sequence shows only a distant phylogenetic relationship to most other avian group A rotaviruses

Rotavirus particles were identified in the intestinal content of a 35-day-old stunted chicken. The virus was isolated, RNA pattern was analysed and the viral genome segment 6 was sequenced. In particular, the sequence data showed a very close similarity to the chicken rotavirus isolate Ch-1 (99.2% amino acid homology), this is distantly related to all known avian rotaviruses and supports the existence of different VP6 types amongst avian group A rotaviruses.     

Molecular epidemiology or bovine rotaviruses from the Charolais area.

Molecular epidemiology of bovine rotavirus from the Charolais area (France). Faecal samples from 164 diarrhoeic calves under 60 days of age were collected from the Charolais area of France during winter of 1998. The samples were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the presence of rotavirus antigen. Of 164 dairy calves tested, 45.1% were positive for rotavirus antigen. The presence of rotavirus was confirmed by electrophoresis of genomic segments. Genomic segment 9 coding for the surface glycoprotein VP7 was amplified by RT-PCR using amplimeres corresponding to a conserved sequence located at the 5' and 3' ends. Nucleotides of the region 29 to 320-560 (average 427) was determined by the Taq dye deoxynucleotide cycle sequencing method. By comparison to the 175 sequences of gene 9 previously published, sequence analysis demonstrated that all of the isolates from the present study belong to the genotype G6. This result confirms previously published data indicating the prevalence of rotavirus G6 in bovine, and suggests that a monovalent vaccine based on G6 antigen would be sufficient to elicit a good protection.