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试验探讨应用神农纯绿色植物果类营养剂(CHESILWON)对张掖早酥梨生长发育和果实品质的影响。设置神农纯绿色植物果类营养剂3个处理浓度(0.10%、0.15%、0.20%),以清水为对照,进行叶面喷施试验。结果表明:应用0.20%处理浓度的神农纯绿色植物果类营养剂早酥梨果实单果质量比对照提高10.3%;果实纵径生长比对照提高21.66%;果实横径生长比对照提高16.55%;可溶性固形物含量比对照提高10.4%;叶绿素比对照提高13.24%。说明神农纯绿色植物果类营养剂对早酥梨生长发育和改善果实品质有一定的作用。 相似文献
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新兴小果类黑莓的栽培管理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
原产北美的主要小果类果树黑莓首次在江苏引种成功,具有生长快、适应性强、结果早等优点,果实可用于加工,也可鲜食。初步推广证明黑莓是适合我国部地区气候条件小果类果树。本文对黑莓的生物学特性、栽培管理方法及果实利用做了详细介绍,为黑莓的种植推广了实用的技术指导。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2017,(3)
【目的】韧皮部卸载和韧皮部后运输在调节蔗糖在库器官间的分配、维持果实的库强方面起着至关重要的作用,而且很大程度上决定着果实的产量和质量。本文研究目的是明确蓝莓同化物韧皮部卸载的机制与糖代谢机制。【方法】以5年生高丛蓝莓品种‘喜来’(‘Sierra’)为研究对象,对各个发育时期的蓝莓果实韧皮部的超微结构进行观察,并综合运用荧光染料活细胞示踪与激光共聚焦扫描显微镜技术实时观察果实内韧皮部同化物卸载路径,运用高效液相色谱等技术,测定分析蓝莓果实可溶性糖含量及相关代谢酶的活性变化等。【结果】对韧皮部细胞进行的超微结构观察显示,在蓝莓果实整个发育期,果实韧皮部SE/CC(筛管伴胞复合体)与周围薄壁细胞之间均未发现胞间连丝,从而形成了共质体隔离,但在薄壁细胞之间、薄壁细胞与果肉细胞之间存在大量胞间连丝。荧光染料CF[5(6)-羧基荧光素]的活细胞示踪试验表明,果实发育过程中,CF均被严格限制在韧皮部中,没有扩散到周围的薄壁细胞。这些结果证实蓝莓果实同化物以质外体卸载途径为主,韧皮部后运输存在着活跃的共质体途径,大量胞间连丝的存在有利于薄壁细胞之间以及薄壁细胞与果肉细胞之间的物质交换。进一步酶活性测定结果显示,在蓝莓果实的整个发育期,转化酶活性保持在较高水平,为证实蓝莓果实同化物以质外体卸载为主提供了证据。对糖代谢相关酶活性分析显示,在果实发育的各个阶段,蓝莓果实的可溶性糖主要以积累果糖和葡萄糖为主,蔗糖酶的分解活性始终大于合成活性;在果实发育中后期,可溶性酸性转化酶和中性转化酶活性进一步升高,显示果实发育后期果肉细胞内进行着活跃的蔗糖分解、转化及贮藏过程,且糖积累与转化酶、蔗糖合酶和蔗糖磷酸合酶等酶活性成正相关。在蓝莓果实发育过程中,蔗糖代谢相关酶的综合作用是影响蓝莓果实中可溶性糖积累的重要因子。【结论】蓝莓果实同化物以质外体卸载途径为主,韧皮部后运输存在着活跃的共质体途径。蓝莓果实主要以积累果糖和葡萄糖为主,且糖积累与转化酶、蔗糖合酶和蔗糖磷酸合酶等酶活性成正相关。 相似文献
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<正>美国红血李于2003年引入我国,经山东省枣庄市核果类果树研究所试种,表现出优良的性状,比美国杏杂交杏李恐龙蛋高产、抗病,比其它红肉李表现性状更为突出,很有发展前景。该品种果实美观,光滑亮丽,呈鸭蛋形。果实开始着色即可食用, 无涩不酸,成熟后果皮鲜红,果肉鲜 相似文献
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巨红冬桃是山东省枣庄市核果类果树研究所在枣庄山亭大冬桃品种中发现的红色大果型冬桃新品种,经过嫁接和多代的繁育,性状稳定,其果实特大,颜色鲜红,自花结实,抗病高产。 相似文献
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Focussing on four types of parenchyma cell around pith regions of branches of Robinia pseudoacacia L. var. inermis, we examined the timing and role of cell death during heartwood formation. Large parenchyma cells that were located in the
inner part of the pith died within a year. By contrast, other parenchyma cells died within 4 years, with the timing of cell
death depending on the type of cell. Axial parenchyma cells of the xylem close to the pith died first. Then, small parenchyma
cells died in the perimedullary zone in the outer part of the pith. Finally, ray parenchyma cells in the xylem close to the
pith died. Variations in the autofluorescence of cell walls, which might have been due to deposition of heartwood substances,
were observed first in xylem ray parenchyma cells and small parenchyma cells in the perimedullary zone. Our results indicate
that the initiation of heartwood formation occurs within 4 years in pith regions of branches in Robinia pseudoacacia L. var. inermis. Moreover, it appears that not only xylem ray parenchyma cells but also small parenchyma cells in the perimedullary zone
might be involved in the synthesis of heartwood substances. 相似文献
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We studied the dynamics of the cortical microtubule (CMT) cytoskeleton during differentiation of axial secondary phloem elements in taproots and epicotyls of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (horse-chestnut) saplings. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of alpha-tubulin and transmission electron microscopy revealed that fusiform cambial cells possessed a reticulum of CMTs in which individual microtubules were randomly arranged. During differentiation of these cambial cell derivatives into secondary phloem cells, the CMTs were rearranged to become helically oriented, regardless of phloem cell type. Although helical CMTs were a persistent feature of all axial elements of the secondary phloem (sieve elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and fiber-sclereids), some modifications of this arrangement occurred as cells differentiated. Thus, at late stages of cell differentiation, sieve elements possessed nearly transverse CMTs, pronounced bundling of CMTs was seen in phloem parenchyma, and the density of CMTs in the helical arrays of fibers increased markedly. Additionally, phloem parenchyma possessed rings of CMTs in association with developing pit areas. Aspects of the development and chemistry of cell walls were also examined during phloem cytodifferentiation. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2016,(6)
As of today, the functions of fusoid cell, and the transport and loading pathways of photoassimilate in bamboo leaves are still not clear. In this paper, the leaves of Fargesia yunnanensis from a greenhouse and the wild were respectively used as samples to analyze the anatomical characteristics of fusoid cells and vascular bundles.The results showed that the bamboo leaves from greenhouse got shorter and thinner with fewer layers of palisade parenchyma cells than those from the wild. The volumes of fusoid cells were also increased. Fusoid cells originated from a huge parenchyma cell as testified by the observed nuclei. Several fusoid cells usually formed one cell complex close to the midrib. Crystals were detected in fusoid cells but no pits or plasmodesmata on their walls, suggesting that fusoid cells had the function of regulating water. The presence of fusoid cells determined the major difference between a leaf blade and sheath. There were prominent chloroplasts with simple stroma lamellae in the parenchymatous bundle sheath cells and starch grains were also observed in these chloroplast. Photoassimilates could be transported across vascular bundle sheath via symplasmic pathways for an abundant of plasmodesmata in sheath cell walls, and transported into phloem tube by apoplastic pathway as there were no pits in the walls of companion cells and phloem tubes. 相似文献
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Oleuropein, the main phenolic compound of olive fruit, has important antioxidant properties that are responsible for some of the nutritional properties of fruits and the defence mechanism of leaves. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity changes during fruit ripening in many plants. We studied the kinetics and molecular properties of PPO in fruits and leaves of olive (Olea europaea L.) cv. 'Picual' trees and the relationship between PPO and oleuropein concentration during fruit ripening. Polyphenol oxidase showed hyperbolic kinetics in fruits and leaves. Significant increases in PPO specific activity, V(max), K(m )and catalytic efficiency occurred during fruit ripening. Based on SDS-PAGE under partially denaturing conditions and in-gel staining with DL-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, PPO activity was found in one major protein of 55 and 50 kDA in fruits and leaves, respectively. During the last stages of fruit maturation, a second 36 kDa protein was observed in fruits but not in leaves, indicating that this protein could serve as a marker of the final phase of fruit maturation. Under fully denaturing conditions, only one 27.7 kDa immunoreactive band was detected in fruits. Both the amount of PPO activity and the amount of PPO protein increased significantly during fruit maturation. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that PPO is located in the epidermis, parenchyma and companion vascular cells of leaves as well as in the epidermis of fruit. During fruit maturation, oleuropein concentration measured by HPLC significantly decreased in fruits and increased in leaves. 相似文献
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The kinetics of xylem formation in four-year-old plants of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. and Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. were studied by means of high resolution laser measurements (accuracy: ±2 μm) in a spatial resolution of 18.7 to
94.1 μm and a temporal resolution of 1 to 60 s. The radial enlargement of the xylem cells was completed within 0.36 to 8.85
hours in Swietenia and within 0.52 to 12.03 hours in Khaya, while secondary wall formation and lignification lasted days to weeks. Cell enlargement of vessels and ray parenchyma was
significantly faster than radial enlargement of fibres and axial parenchyma. The processes of formation of the secondary cell
wall and the lignification were slower in fibres than in vessels and parenchyma cells. In Swietenia new secondary cell formation was induced in distinct growth periods almost simultaneously in the whole shoot, while in Khaya new cell formation was restricted to parts of the shoot. Growth stresses in the shoot were studied in terms of released strain.
Higher growth stresses were observed in the shoot of Khaya compared to Swietenia. The results indicate that the higher growth stresses in the xylem of Khaya compared to Swietenia originate in the different kinetics of cell development of different cell types in combination with the heterogenous sequence
of cell formation within the shoot.
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. W. Liese on the occasion of his 80th birthday. 相似文献
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Changes in the morphology and functions of vacuoles provide useful information about the mechanism of cell death. In the present study, we monitored the morphology and contents of vacuoles during the death of ray parenchyma cells in the conifer Cryptomeria japonica. In differentiating xylem, ray parenchyma cells had large central vacuoles. In sapwood, vacuoles in ray parenchyma cells contained proteins, an indication that one of the main functions of these vacuoles might be protein storage. A dramatic decrease in the protein content of some vacuoles was detected in the intermediate wood before the initiation of vacuole rupture. Although vacuole rupture was detected from the intermediate wood to the outermost heartwood, some vacuoles were obviously enlarged in the inner intermediate wood. Condensed nuclei were first observed after the rupture of these large vacuoles in ray parenchyma cells. It seems plausible that the autolysis of the contents of ray parenchyma cells might be caused by the rupture of the enlarged vacuoles in the inner intermediate wood. 相似文献
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为探索毛竹从发笋到竹秆形成的组织发育规律,对不同发育时期和部位的毛竹茎秆进行组织解剖分析并进行数量化分析。结果表明:竹秆的快速发育主要表现在节间的纵轴方向,节间发育由细胞分裂和细胞伸长控制。发育初期,在薄壁细胞和纤维细胞上可以看到大量的细胞核出现,此时细胞分裂占主导地位;随着组织发育,细胞核逐渐减少并消失,薄壁细胞和纤维细胞的长度显著增加,细胞伸长在发育中后期占主导地位。竹秆的发育、成熟和老化从基部首先启动,中部和顶部要顺次晚一些。基部的纤维组织最先出现木质化,此时茎秆的高度大约为6 m。竹秆的细胞伸长呈阶段性的波动,薄壁组织的细胞长度在快速伸长期偏离正态分布,在缓慢伸长期呈正态分布。 相似文献