银耳菌肉悬浮饮料的研究

以多糖浸出量为指标,对银耳、竹荪的浸提工艺进行优化研究,获得最佳浸提参数为：银耳浸提时间3 h,温度90℃,料水比1︰100;竹荪浸提时间3 h,温度100℃,料水比1︰110。对银耳菌肉悬浮饮料配制工艺进行优化,获得最佳参数为：银耳浸提液40 mL、竹荪浸提液30 mL、枸杞浸提液10 mL、红枣浸提液10 mL、蔗糖8.000 g/100mL、葡萄糖0.150 g/100mL、柠檬酸0.100 g/100mL、食盐0.030 g/100mL、银耳菌肉颗粒为先去除过45目筛的小颗粒后,再过40目筛的颗粒、投入量0.300 g/100mL、煮制时间20 min、黄原胶0.010 g/100mL和羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）0.003 g/100mL复配增稠剂,接受性检验结果表明,制成的饮料风味和口感俱佳。小鼠免疫试验结果表明,小鼠脾指数、胸腺指数、巨噬细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数均显著提高,初步证明银耳菌肉悬浮饮料有提高免疫功能的作用。     

五味子饮料主要工艺中五味子素含量的变化

研究五味子饮料加工工艺中五味子素含量的变化,并了解五味子饮料加工过程中影响五味子素含量变化的一些因素。以五味子甲素、乙素为对照品,采用紫外分光光度计测定。结果显示,在100℃,料液比为1:30时,浸提2.5h,五味子甲素、乙素质量浓度较高,分别为0.795,0.291mg/mL。杀菌温度为100℃时,饮料中五味子素质量浓度较先前有显著增加。     

‘紫加1号’花色苷提取工艺及抗氧化活性分析

旨在优化‘紫加1号’嫩茎叶花色苷提取工艺,并探讨其体外抗氧化活性。采用溶剂浸提法提取‘紫加1号’嫩茎叶花色苷,通过单因素试验和正交试验,分析浸提时间、浸提温度、料液比、乙醇浓度和提取次数对花色苷提取率的影响,确定提取‘紫加1号’花色苷的最佳工艺。通过水杨酸法、邻苯三酚自氧化法和DPPH法对‘紫加1号’花色苷的体外抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明,花色苷最佳提取工艺为浸提温度50℃、浸提时间2.5 h、料液比为1:100 g/mL、乙醇浓度为55%、提取2次,此条件下得率为62.34 mg/100g,接近实际值56.23 mg/100g,说明结果准确可靠。同时,‘紫加1号’花色苷对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧基自由基(O₂^-·)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH)有明显的清除作用,半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)依次为0.488 mg/mL、0.764 mg/mL和0.032 mg/mL。该法能够有效提取‘紫加1号’嫩茎叶花色苷,且获得的花色苷具有明显的体外抗氧化活性。     

亚抑菌浓度鱼腥草醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌α-溶血素分泌的影响研究

为了研究鱼腥草醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性以及其对金葡菌α-溶血素分泌的影响。通过最低抑菌浓度的测定并应用溶血试验、Western-blot分析、荧光定量PCR试验以及细胞毒性试验考察亚抑菌浓度的鱼腥草醇提物对金葡菌α-溶血素分泌的影响。结果表明：鱼腥草醇提物对9株金葡菌的最小抑菌浓度范围为16~64 mg/mL,亚抑菌浓度鱼腥草醇提物呈剂量依赖式抑制金葡菌α-溶血素的分泌,尤其当浓度为0.16 mg/mL时,基本上能完全抑制金葡菌α-溶血素的分泌。本研究可能为抗金葡菌感染提供一种新的策略。     

葛根总黄酮的提取及其降糖功效研究

采用乙醇回流法提取葛根总黄酮,通过正交试验优化提取工艺,确定最佳提取工艺为提取温度70℃,提取时间2.5 h,乙醇体积分数80%,料液比1∶20。通过α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制试验测定体外降糖性能,葛根总黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制率为66.7%。采用四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型,经不同剂量组葛根总黄酮连续灌胃4周测定空腹血糖值和糖耐量,结果表明葛根总黄酮低、中、高剂量都可显著(p0.05)降低糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖含量,降糖率分别为16.1%,25.6%,23.9%;各给药组小鼠血糖值在0,0.5,1,2 h时均低于模型对照组小鼠,与模型对照组相比均能显著(p0.05)抑制糖尿病小鼠餐后血糖的升高,改善糖耐量。     

赤芍对金黄色葡萄球菌增殖和细菌毒力因子表达的影响

为探讨赤芍水煎剂在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌增殖及细菌毒力因子（α-溶血素、肠毒素）分泌的影响,在体外以不同浓度的赤芍水煎剂作用于金黄色葡萄球菌,记录细菌的生长曲线;用Western-blot 方法检测经赤芍水煎液处理后的细菌培养液上清中细菌主要的毒力因子α-溶血素、肠毒素A、肠毒素B的含量。结果表明赤芍水煎剂在0~10 mg/mL 对金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213 和ATCC43300 菌株的增殖没有明显的影响,但是赤芍水煎剂在不抑制细菌增殖的浓度下,能够降低金葡菌ATCC29213 和ATCC43300 菌株毒力因子α-溶血素、肠毒素A、肠毒素B的分泌表达。本研究结果提示赤芍水煎液中具有抗细菌毒力因子的药物成分。     

基于模糊数学综合评判优化分心木复合茶饮料配方

以分心木、菊花、金银花为主要原料,利用模糊数学算法综合评价优化分心木复合茶饮料配方。通过感官评定、正交试验优化得到最佳配方为：分心木浸提液添加量35%,菊花浸提液添加量20%,金银花浸提液添加量25%,β-环状糊精添加量4.0 g/L,柠檬酸添加量0.6 g/L,安赛蜜添加量0.8 g/L。该条件下制得的茶饮料呈浅褐色,组织均匀,酸甜可口,富有分心木独特的滋味。将产品分别于20 ℃室温和4 ℃低温条件下储藏100 d后色泽都会加深,但室温储藏的产品L*值下降了23.08%,而低温储藏的产品L*值仅下降了12.76%,说明低温条件更有利于保持分心木茶饮料的储藏品质。     

基于正交试验法优化红小豆色素提取条件研究

通过单因素试验研究了红小豆色素的提取溶剂、提取溶剂的浓度、pH值、料液比、浸提温度、时间和次数的工艺参数,并通过正交试验对红小豆色素提取条件进行了优化,确定了最佳浸提条件:20%乙醇水溶液,料液比1∶60,中性条件下,75℃恒温水浴浸提100 min。     

乙醇—超声波法提取枣汁的研究

以德州乐陵金丝小枣为原料,以乙醇为浸提液,采用超声波提取枣汁,确定工艺条件为:酒精体积分数为95%,提取时间15min,浸提液体积与原料质量之比为470mL∶100g,浸提温度为70℃。用此方法提取枣汁,具有提取时间短、中间生产过程中物料不易被杂菌污染和料液易过滤等优点。     

灰树花子实体中水溶性多糖提取工艺优化研究

以水为浸提液,通过单因素试验研究了颗粒度、浸提温度、浸提时间、水料比、醇沉度等因素对灰树花子实体多糖提取率的影响,并采用正交试验对提取工艺进行优化。试验表明,水料比对灰树花子实体多糖提取率的影响最大,其次是浸提时间,浸提温度影响最小。通过对提取条件的优化,结合收益、成本等综合因素选出最佳优化工艺为:浸提温度90℃,浸提时间5 h,水料比25∶1。验证试验显示,在最佳工艺条件下提取的多糖提取率达13.4%。     

蚕丝蛋白溶液对高温胁迫下生菜种子萌发的影响初探

【研究目的】初步探讨不同浓度的3种蚕丝蛋白溶液（大分子量丝素蛋白溶液、小分子量丝素蛋白溶液、丝胶溶液）对高温胁迫下生菜种子萌发的影响【方法】以瑞比特、津科、皇帝、圣代四种生菜品种为材料,用不同浓度的3种蚕丝蛋白溶液浸种4小时,对照为蒸馏水浸种。之后在高温环境下（35℃）进行催芽,并测定发芽率、发芽势、活力指数和单株鲜重。【结果】经适应浓度的3种蚕丝蛋白溶液处理的生菜种子,在高温胁迫下,发芽率、发芽势、活力指数和单株鲜重均不同程度的高于对照。【结论】实验初步确定蚕丝蛋白溶液处理能缓解高温胁迫对生菜种子萌发的抑制效应。同时通过综合比较50mg/L大分子量丝素蛋白溶液和100mg/L小分子量丝素蛋白溶液处理效果较好。     

Application of Silk Fibroin in Biomedical Field

The relative characater of silk fibroin in biomedical application is discussed ,which focuses on the problems about biocompatibility and degradation mechanism while silk fiber is used in vitro .As the result,it is easier to keep the biocompatibility of silk fibroin by the characater of multiple styles of crystallizes and construct the net structure. The modification of membrane structure of other natural material is also discussed. as well as the chemical way in the main application statue in drug-loading material , artifical organ or tissue scaffold. The degrading of silk fibroin in vitro is also controlled by the temperature and mechanical enviroment as well as the chemical component,and it is should be more comprehensive with the factors of biomechanic and biorheology as well as that of biochemical taken into considered in the investigation of transformation mechanism of silk in vitro.     

搅拌型丝素酸奶的研制

以丝素作为辅料研发搅拌型丝素酸奶,通过正交试验确定丝素酸奶的优化配方为:每1L乳液含奶粉15%,丝素0.75%,白糖7%,接种量4%。制得的酸奶稠度大、光泽好、酸甜适中、细腻润滑、风味浓郁。与未添加丝素的对照酸奶相比,搅拌型丝素酸奶pH值变化不大,保水性显著增强,乳酸菌含量显著提高。     

玉米须多糖的制备方法及化学组成的研究

对玉米须中水溶性多糖的制备方法和化学组成进行了研究。结果表明,玉米须多糖的最佳提取工艺为:料水比为1∶30,在温度90℃下提取2次,每次2h。在此条件下,100g玉米须可提取多糖4.55g,多糖的中性糖含量为41.33%。玉米须多糖主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖醛酸、甘露糖和木糖所组成,它们的比例为1∶0.89∶0.48∶0.39∶0.34∶0.26。其中,木糖的构型为α-D-吡喃环,阿拉伯糖的构型为α-L-呋喃环,葡萄糖的构型为α-D-吡喃环,甘露糖的构型为β-D-吡喃环。此外,玉米须多糖中还含有微量的蛋白质。     

福建黄兔对细菌内毒素的敏感性实验研究

为了解福建黄兔的体温情况以及对细菌内毒素的敏感性状况,探讨其是否适用于家兔的热原实验,按照《中国药典》2010年版中热原检测的标准,对福建黄兔进行体温预检筛查,合格家兔分组耳静脉注射浓度为5 EU/mL、10 EU/mL、20 EU/mL的细菌内毒素国家标准品,分析福建黄兔对内毒素的敏感性。结果表明：福建黄兔预检温筛选合格率为65.85%,体温主要分布于38.5~39.5℃。与国内报道的普通级新西兰兔筛选合格率相当,比普通级日本大耳白兔、普通级WHBE兔及SPF级新西兰兔稍低。福建黄兔注射不同浓度的细菌内毒素呈现不同的升温幅度,对细菌内毒素的敏感性与其浓度呈正相关,浓度越大,敏感性越高。通过本实验可知,福建黄兔体温较为恒定,对细菌内毒素也表现出一定的敏感性,若按实验用兔标准饲养,质量将更为稳定,可以探讨应用于热原试验,以拓宽福建黄兔应用价值领域。射不同浓度的细菌内毒素呈现不同的升温幅度,对细菌内毒素的敏感性与其浓度呈正相关,浓度越大,敏感性越高。通过本试验可知福建黄兔体温较为恒定,对细菌内毒素也表现出一定的敏感性,若按实验用兔标准饲养,质量将更为稳定,可以探讨应用于热原试验,以拓宽福建黄兔应用价值领域。     

玉米须黄酮超声波提取工艺优化及数学模拟

采用正交试验的方法优化了玉米须黄酮的超声波提取工艺,同时对提取进行了数学模拟。试验结果表明,优化的超声波提取工艺条件为：以50 %的乙醇为提取剂,料液比（g︰ml）1︰84,提取温度75℃,超声波提取时间75 min。此条件下,玉米须黄酮提取率可达1.51 %。与加热浸提法相比,提取时间缩短了25%,提取率提高了约20 %。超声波提取的数学模拟值与试验结果基本吻合。     

The Safety of Shampoo with Compound Zaofan Function

[Objective] To discuss the safety of shampoo with compound Zaofan function to the skins of laboratory animals. [Methods]Kunming mice was used for skin acute toxicity test; domestic healthy rabbits were used for skin irritation test; and white guinea pigs were used for skin sensitivity test. Cell genetic toxicity of Shampoo with compound Zaofan function in the body was detected by lymphocyte micronucleus test on Kunming mice. [Results]After using the shampoo with compound Zaofan function,mice showed no symptom of acute toxicity. In skin irritation test,shampoo with compound Zaofan function had relatively weak stimulation to skin; and the degree was no irrigation. In skin sensitivity test,shampoo with compound Zaofan function had low incidence of sensitization and poor sensitization. In micronucleus test of lymphocyte,shampoo with compound Zaofan function had small effects on the teratogenicity / mutagenesis. [Conclusions]Shampoo with compound Zaofan function was safe and reliable for external use,and was worthy of clinical promotion.     

玉米须采收时期对其功能成分、可收集产量及玉米产量的影响

为研究玉米须的最佳采收时期,以黑龙江省主栽玉米品种‘京农科728’和‘德美亚3号’为试验材料,于2017年和2018年进行玉米须采收试验,比较不同采收时期对玉米须的功能成分、可收集产量及玉米产量的影响。结果表明,玉米须总黄酮含量随吐丝日数延长呈下降趋势,总多糖含量呈增加趋势,不同采收期的玉米须总黄酮含量的变幅大于多糖的变幅。以雌穗套袋方式延迟授粉能有效促进玉米须生长,但显著降低果穗结实率。‘京农科728’和‘德美亚3号’套袋6天的玉米须产量比自然授粉条件下的采收产量分别提高79.2%和65.5%,穗粒数分别下降了57.9%和88.2%;套袋12天玉米须产量分别提高107.6%和74.8%,穗粒数分别下降96.1%和96.0%;套袋3天果穗结实未受影响。不同品种玉米须生长量差异显著,玉米须产量变异范围界于0.443~1.003 g/穗之间,平均值为0.655 g/穗,变异系数24.78%。为兼顾玉米产量与玉米须品质及产量,吐丝3~5天为玉米须最佳采收期。     

茶黄素提取物及茶黄素片的急性毒性

以茶黄素提取物及终端产品茶黄素片为原料,采用急性毒性试验方法,研究试验小鼠对茶黄素提取物和茶黄素片的急性毒理特性。结果表明,茶黄素提取物对雌性小鼠的急性经口LD50为2710.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(10~20 mg/kg)的136~271倍;对雄性小鼠LD50为3160.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(10~20 mg/kg)的158~316倍。茶黄素片对雌性小鼠的急性经口LD50为20000.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(40~50 mg/kg)的400~500倍;对雄性小鼠的急性经口LD50为14700.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(40~50 mg/kg)的294~368倍。茶黄素提取物和茶黄素片对雄性小鼠和雌性小鼠的急性经口LD50,均大于成人日用量的100倍,说明茶黄素提取物和茶黄素片的毒性较小,符合保健食品的急性毒性评价标准。     

Anti-bacterial Effects in Vitro of Jinweng Zhili Granules and Its Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Effects on Animal

[Objective] To research the anti-bacterial effects in vitro of Jinweng Zhili Granules and its antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects on animal. [Methods]Anti-bacterial effects of Jinweng Zhili Granules were detected by MIC method and drug sensitive test. A total of60 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank control group,aspirin group,low-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,middledosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,and high-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules. Mice were given drugs by gavage for 7 d. Swelling degree of ear slice was calculated and the anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed. A total of 60 rabbits were randomly divided into high-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,middle-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,low-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,positive drug group,blank control group and model group. Endotoxin was administrated through the ear venous in order to establish febrile model. Effects of Jinweng Zhili Granules on the body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin were analyzed. Blood was collected by heart blood collection method. When the plasma was separated,cA MP content in rabbits were detected. [Results] The MIC values to Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Clostridium welchii,Salmonella typhimurium,Candida albicans were 3. 75,1. 875,15,7. 5 and 7. 5 mg / mL,respectively. The swelling degree of mice slice in model group reached 121. 7%. And the swelling degrees in high- and middle-dosage groups of Jinweng Zhili Granules were 55. 6% and 56. 2%,respectively,which had extremely significant differences with that of model group( P 0. 01).Jinweng Zhili Granules reduced the body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin. The cA MP content in model group was 34. 13 pmol / mL; and the cA MP contents in high-and low-dosage groups were 24. 74 and 26. 61 pmol / mL,respectively,which had extremely significant differences compared with model group( P 0. 01). [Conclusions]Jinweng Zhili Granules had anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation and antipyretic effects.