中草药治疗家畜螨虫病

家畜螨病是由螨属中的各亚种寄生于家畜体表引起的一种常见皮肤病,饲养管理不良可导致该病的发生.病情较轻者常影响家畜生长,严重时则可引起家畜死亡;对于伴侣及观赏动物.若治疗不及时可降低毛皮质量和观赏价值:螨病还可传染给人,影响人体健康.     

营养因素对蛋壳品质的影响

<正>1常量矿物质对蛋壳质量的影响1.1钙对蛋壳品质的影响钙和磷是决定蛋壳质量的主要因素,所以一切影响钙和磷的供给、消化吸收和代谢的因素都可影响蛋壳质量。遗传、环境温度和母鸡年龄等,以及新城疫、支气管炎和减蛋综合症等疾病都可改变蛋壳质量,     

可利康对虹鳟生长的影响

可利康是北京桑普生物化学技术有限公司根据水产动物生理特性研制的复合胆汁酸产品。为了解可利康对水产动物生长的影响,近期,在北京师范大学生物科学学院研究了可利康对虹鳟鱼生长的影响。     

种鸭蛋夏季管理要点

在生产中,影响种蛋孵化效果的因素很多,除了孵化条件、环境因素、种蛋品质、种鸭遗传、营养、健康状况、管理水平及种鸭年龄等因素外,在夏季还受到季节性高温、高湿的自然环境因素影响,孵化率较其它季节明显降低,一般可影响3%～5%,高的可达到15%。一般     

光照促进芙蓉李果肉积累花色苷

以芙蓉李为试材料,采用铺设反光膜和套袋,研究光照对芙蓉李树冠下部光照条件和果实品质的影响。结果表明,铺设反光膜可显著增强树冠下部光照,提高果实可溶性固形物含量和花色苷含量,而对果实大小和可滴定酸含量无显著影响。无光条件下,芙蓉李果皮为黄色,果肉花色苷含量显著降低。可见,光照是影响芙蓉李果皮和果肉花色苷积累的重要因素。以上研究结果表明改善光照条件可有效提高芙蓉李果实品质。     

抗性淀粉的营养研究进展

本文主要概述了抗性淀粉对营养物质代谢的影响。研究表明,抗性淀粉可调节血中葡萄糖含量,降低血中脂肪酸和胆固醇的浓度,提高矿物质的吸收及增加蛋白质的沉积,此外在小肠中未消化部分可在结肠中发酵生成的挥发性脂肪酸,对结肠具有重要影响,并可在一定程度上预防结肠癌的发生。     

理想氨基酸水平对肉鸡生长发育调控技术的研究进展

营养状况可显著影响肌肉的生长,不同的营养因素对肉鸡肌肉生长产生的影响不同。日粮氨基酸是影响肉鸡肌肉最主要的营养成分,适当提高日粮氨基酸水平可降低肉鸡脂肪的沉积,提高胸肉产量,显著改善肉鸡的增重和饲料转化效率。作者主要就日粮理想氨基酸水平对肉鸡生长发育调控技术研究进展进行了综述。     

地面覆膜对秋姬李果实色泽及内在品质的影响

以秋姬李为试材,研究果园铺设反光膜对不同成熟期秋姬李果实色泽、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc、类黄酮、总酚和花色苷含量的影响。结果表明,覆膜可促进李果实提前转色,覆膜后30d可显著提高果皮颜色,随着果实的发育成熟,果实亮度降低,但果实颜色加深。覆膜可显著提高秋姬李果实可溶性固形物、固酸比,花色苷和总酚含量,随着果实的发育成熟,对果实的可滴定酸和类黄酮含量无显著影响。     

加强规模化猪场的饲养管理

规模化养猪场的日常饲养管理措施制定的是否科学合理,对养猪经济效益有着十分重要的影响,它不仅可影响生猪生长速度,还可影响猪只疾病防控效果,因此必须加以重视,并积极的探索新的可行的饲养管理技术措施,以更好提升养猪经济效益。     

饲养密度对肉鸭生产性能和胴体品质影响研究进展

饲养密度是动物养殖过程中的热点话题,提高饲养密度可降低生产成本,从而提高经济增益,但过高的饲养密度可引发动物氧化应激,降低免疫机能,损害动物的健康,最终对生产性能和胴体品质造成影响.文章综述了高饲养密度对肉鸭生产性能和胴体品质的影响及机理,并分析了影响肉鸭饲养密度的养殖环境因素.     

草地占补平衡问题研究

为评价草地面积与生态能值占补平衡对占补两地的生态功能与生态服务的影响,构建并利用系统性生态功能放大系数、有效生态功能与有效生态服务占补平衡分析法,对四川若尔盖与岷江源国家湿地公园、西藏札达县与当雄县、内蒙古察右中旗和甘肃阿克塞县占用草地后的生态功能与生态服务进行分析。结果表明：即使实现草地面积与生态能值占补平衡,也很难实现质的维度的占补平衡。单位面积草地生态能值相等条件下,要实现质的维度的占补平衡,新建草地面积必须大于占用草地面积。考虑系统性生态功能放大系数的占补两地生态功能平衡所需新建草地面积最小,占补两地生态服务水平加权平均值平衡与占补两地生态服务价值总量平衡所需新建草地面积较大,占用地有效生态功能平衡与占用地有效生态服务水平平衡所需新建草地面积最大。系统性生态功能放大系数、有效生态功能与有效生态服务占补平衡分析方法,是评价面积与生态能值占补平衡下草地生态功能与生态服务是否平衡的有用工具。     

不同施肥组合对苜蓿阴阳离子平衡的影响

试验采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计,研究了硫酸钾、氯化铵、过磷酸钙和氧化镁对苜蓿阴阳离子平衡(CAB)的影响。结果表明,苜蓿株体中K⁺含量最高,变化范围为2.40%～4.01%,其次为Cl^-、S^2-,变化范围分别为0.84%～1.09%和0.35%～0.58%,Na⁺的含量最低,其变化范围为0.09%～0.22%;CAB值范围为155～501 mEq/kg DM。对苜蓿CAB值有显著影响的因子为硫酸钾和氧化镁,二者和苜蓿CAB值间存在显著的负效应;氯化铵和过磷酸钙单因子对苜蓿CAB值影响不显著,但氯化铵与过磷酸钙、氯化铵与氧化镁之间的交互作用可以显著影响苜蓿CAB值。单施一种肥料可使苜蓿CAB值最低降到216.55 mEq/kg DM,效果不显著,而组合施用可降到80.55 mEq/kg DM。在本试验条件下,苜蓿CAB值最低的施肥组合为:硫酸钾50 kg/hm²,氯化铵275 kg/hm²,过磷酸钙1 000 kg/hm²,氧化镁55 kg/hm²。     

Metabolizable energy,nitrogen balance,and ileal digestibility of amino acids in quality protein maize for pigs

Background：To compare the nutritional value and digestibility of five quality protein maize（QPM） hybrids to that of white and yellow maize,two experiments were carried out in growing pigs.In experiment 1,the energy metabolizability and the nitrogen balance of growing pigs fed one of five QPM hybrid diets were compared against those of pigs fed white or yellow maize.In experiment 2,the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility（AID and SID,respectively） of proteins and amino acids from the five QPM hybrids were compared against those obtained from pigs fed white and yellow maize.In both experiments,the comparisons were conducted using contrasts.Results：The dry matter and nitrogen intakes were higher in the pigs fed the QPM hybrids（P 〈 0.05） than in the pigs fed white or yellow maize.Energy digestibility（P 〈 0.001） and metabolizability（P 〈 0.01） were higher in the pigs fed the white and yellow maize diets than in those fed the QPM diets.The AID of lysine was higher（P〈 0.01） in the QPM diets than in the white and yellow maize.The AIDs of leucine,isoleucine,valine,phenylalanine,and methionine were lower in the QPM diets than those of maize（white and yellow）（all P 〈 0.05）.Maize（white and yellow） had greater SIDs of leucine,isoleucine,valine,phenylalanine,glutamic acid,serine,alanine,tyrosine,and proline（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions：Based on these results,it was concluded that QPM had a lower metabolizable energy content and a higher amount of digestible lysine than normal maize.     

食物摄入与下丘脑能量平衡

能量平衡（energy balance）是能量摄入与能量消耗相平衡的过程。动物机体在处于能量平衡时才能维持正常的生命活动。下丘脑中的多个与摄食相关的神经核团，在神经和体液的调节下发挥关键作用，并构成了复杂而精密的神经网络。本文将从影响下丘脑能量平衡的神经核团、神经肽、神经投射和外周激素等方面，对食物摄入与下丘脑能量平衡进行论述。     

Effect of dietary electrolyte balance on growth and acid-base status in swine

The effect of dietary electrolyte balance on pigs fed lysine- or tryptophan-adequate or tryptophan-deficient diets was investigated in four experiments using 8- to 12-wk-old pigs. Electrolyte balance, expressed as Na+K-Cl in meq/kg of diet, was varied by altering dietary levels of Na and Cl while holding all other minerals constant. In two experiments in which the basal diet contained a balance of 135 meq/kg, simple lysine or tryptophan deficiences caused depressed growth, feed intake and efficiency of feed utilization, but none of these responses was altered by dietary supplementation with NaHCO3. In one experiment in which the electrolyte balance of the basal diet was 61 meq/kg and in which both lysine and tryptophan were limiting. NaHCO3 supplementation significantly increased growth and feed intake. This did not occur if the diet was also supplemented with tryptophan. A final experiment was conducted to determine the response of pigs to a range of electrolyte balance (-85 to 341 meq/kg) in a practical corn-soy diet containing adequate levels of all amino acids. Growth and feed intake appeared to be maximal for balances of 0 to 341 meq/kg Na+K-Cl, but were decreased at -85 meq/kg (P less than .05). Acid-base balance was adversely affected at 0 meq/kg. The results suggest that the response of lysine-deficient pigs to sodium bicarbonate is dependent upon the electrolyte balance of the diet, and also is influenced by other dietary amino acids.     

藏獒精液冷冻过程中pH值及甘油对其活力的影响

为探讨pH值和甘油对藏獒精液冷冻保存前后精子活力的影响,筛选6条种公藏獒在其繁殖季节(9~12月份)以不同pH值梯度(5.5,6.0,6.5,7.0,7.5)稀释液和不同甘油平衡时间(10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 min)对藏獒精液进行冷冻,检查精子活力变化。结果表明,在藏獒精液冷冻过程中,pH值为6.5的稀释液中精子在冷冻前后有较高的活力;甘油平衡时间对藏獒精液活力有较大影响,冻前精子活力随甘油作用时间而下降,在甘油平衡时间为20 min所得藏獒冻后精子活力效果较好。     

降温平衡对牛冷冻精液质量的影响

降温、平衡是冷冻精液生产过程中的重要环节。试验以本单位种公牛生产的精液为样本,使用低温平衡柜、测温仪、显微镜等仪器设备,研究降温、平衡对冷冻精液质量的影响。结果表明,采取一次稀释法,每盒中盛装细管精液适宜数量为100～300支;采取二次稀释法,每个烧杯中精液稀释后适宜容量为50～120mL.采取先灌装后降温、平衡,或先降温、平衡后灌装两种不同方法,对冷冻精液质量的影响差异不显著（P〉0．05）。在平衡柜温度为40℃环境下,精液从稀释后温度降至平衡温度的适宜时间为1～1．5h,平衡时间为3～4h。     

日粮硫、镁水平对肉鸡血液酸碱平衡和胫骨软骨发育不良的影响

在玉米 豆粕日粮中,添加３ 个水平的Ｍｇ０ 和（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４ ,使日粮中的硫、镁水平分别达到０ ．４０ ％ 、０ ．６５ ％ 、０ ．９０ ％ 和０ ．１７ ％ 、０ ．３７ ％ 、０ ．５７ ％ ,组成９ 个处理日粮,饲喂４０５ 只艾维茵肉用公雏,研究日粮电解质平衡对２１ 日龄肉鸡生长性能、胫骨软骨发育不良（ＴＤ） 发生、血液酸碱平衡的影响。在一定范围内日粮高硫具有诱食作用。日粮高镁同时降低了采食量、日增重和饲料效率（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。日粮高硫明显降低了ＴＤ 发生率和生长板厚度（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ,高镁则起到相反的作用。日粮电解质平衡与肉鸡ＴＤ 发生率呈线性负相关（Ｒ＝ － ０ ．８２５） 。虽然日粮镁、硫水平对血液ｐＨ 影响不显著,但日粮高硫降低了碱超和碱贮（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ,酸化了血液;日粮高镁则增加了碱超（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ,起到了碱化作用。试验结果表明,由日粮硫、镁水平调节的电解质平衡可能通过改变血液酸碱平衡,成为影响肉鸡胫骨软骨发育的重要因素。     

草畜平衡管理系列研究（1） ——现行草畜平衡管理制度刍议

对现行草畜平衡的监测和管理制度进行了分析,指出其在预测的时效性、与现行生产体系的适合性以及针对性等方面存在的不足与缺憾。评价了当前草畜平衡管理中的一些误区。基于基层工作的实践经验和资料数据,提出了改进草畜平衡监测和管理的一些建议。     

Effect of dietary cation-anion balance in mineral balance in anaerobically exercised and sedentary horses

Eight geldings and four mares were randomly assigned treatments within three 4x4 Latin square design experiments to study the effects of dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB) on mineral balance and dry matter digestibility in sedentary and anaerobically exercised horses. Four diets with an average DCAB (calculated as meq ((Na+K+) - Cl-)/kg of diet dry matter) of +24 (Low, L), +127 (Medium Low, ML), +227 (Medium High, MH) and +352 (High, H) were fed for a 21 day adjustment period followed by a 72 hour collection period. Diets consisted of a pelleted base concentrate of com, soybean meal and cottonseed hulls fed with either native prairie grass or bermuda grass hay in a 60:40 ratio. Diet L was formed by adding calcium chloride and ammonium chloride to the base concentrate, diet ML was formed by adding calcium chloride, and diet H was formed by adding potassium citrate and sodium bicarbonate. Diet MI-I received no supplementation and served as the control. Representative samples of feed, feces and urine were analyzed for mineral content and mineral balances were calculated by difference. Fecal output was greater (p <.05), and thus, dry matter digestibility was lower in exercised homes consuming diet L versus diet H. Sodium balance was greater (p <.05) in sedentary horses consuming diet MH as compared to those consuming diets ML and L Sodium balance was greater (p <.05) in exercised homes consuming diet H as compared to those consuming diets ML and L Potassium balance was greater (p <.05) in sedentary horses consuming diet H as compared to those horses consuming diet ML, however, potassium balance was not affected by DCAB in exercised horses. No significant differences were detected in chloride or magnesium balances in the sedentary horses, although chloride balance was greater (p <.05) and magnesium balance was lower (p <.05) in exercised homes consuming diet L as compared to all other diets. In sedentary homes, phosphorus balance was reflective of intake with differences (p <.05) observed between all treatments. However, in exercised homes, phosphorus balance was lower (p <.05) oniy for those consuming diet L. Calcium balance decreased significantly as DCAB decreased between all treatments in sedentary horses, while calcium balance in exercised homes was greater (p <.05) for homes consuming diet H as compared to those consum- ing diet L.Previous research from our laboratory has shown that both exercised and sedentary horses consuming diets with a low DCAB experience a nutritionally induced metabolic acidosis. The current data indicate that anaerobically exercised and sedentary horses consuming these diets excrete significantly more calcium in the urine resulting in decreased calcium balances. Prolonged consumption of diets with a low DCAB may lead to a significant demineralization of bone and a subsequent weakening of the skeleton.