35％联苯肼酯·喹螨醚悬浮剂配方研究

采用湿法砂磨工艺对35％联苯肼酯· 喹螨醚悬浮剂的各种助剂进行筛选,最终获得了35％联苯肼酯· 喹螨醚悬浮剂的最优配方:联苯肼酯25％,喹螨醚10％,黄原胶0.1％,硅酸镁铝1％,可溶性粉剂-悬浮剂33％,A7882％,乙二醇3％,消泡剂0.2％,水补足至100％.依该配方制备的各项性能指标均符合悬浮剂的质量技术标准.     

喹螨醚悬浮剂防治茶红蜘蛛药效试验

试验表明,喹螨醚悬浮剂在不同使用浓度下对茶红蜘蛛的防治效果高于唑螨酯5％悬浮剂,表现出很好的速效性和持效性,药后1d的防效达97％以上,药后30d防效仍达91％以上。该试验结果为喹螨醚在茶红蜘蛛上的登记以及生产推广使用提供依据。     

喹螨醚原药高效液相色谱分析方法研究

本文介绍采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇和0.05%磷酸水为流动相,以Agilent C18色谱柱和二极管阵列检测器,在220nm波长下对喹螨醚原药进行定量分析。结果表明喹螨醚线性相关系数为0.999 9;标准偏差为0.26,变异系数为0.27%;平均回收率99.9%。     

18%喹螨醚SC防治茶叶红蜘蛛田间试验研究

田间药效试验表明,18%喹螨醚SC对茶叶红蜘蛛具有良好的防治效果,在生产上,适宜用量为每667m2剂量33.3ml~50ml,药后7d~14d防效达到最高,达98%以上,相当或极显著高于对照药剂5%唑螨酯SC每667m2剂量67ml的防效。     

两种高效除草剂通过鉴定

氯氟草醚乙酯(ethoxyfen—ethyl)为触杀型除草剂。该产品符合农药发展方向，无致突变性、无致畸性。经专家组讨论，一致认为：该项目完成了合同规定的各项技术经济指标，氯氟草醚乙酯总收率大于70％；原药含量≥90％。产品达到国外同类产品技术指标，防效与国外同类产品相当。本品可用于大豆、花生、小麦、大麦、豌豆等作物田中防除阔叶杂草，如猪殃殃、茼麻、苍耳等多种杂草。本品高效、安全、成本低、活性高，具有良好的市场和应用前景。     

螨克防治柑桔害虫药效试验

螨克是新型的杀螨杀虫剂,防治柑桔叶螨效果显著,且可兼治其他害虫。1988年在广西植保总站的协助下,我们进行了防治柑桔红蜘蛛、锈蜘蛛、木虱、红蜡蚧的药效试验,取得了良好的防治效果,现将试验结果简述如下。 一、材料和方法 20％螨克乳油是联邦德国先灵有限公司产品;5％尼索朗乳油是日本曹达株式会社产品;25％单甲脒水剂是江西省东乡农药厂产品。     

高毒农药禁用后果树蔬菜作物农药的选购

<正>1)柑橘或其他经济作物对于柑橘红、黄蜘蛛等螨类,可以使用毒死蜱、阿维菌素、哒螨灵和喹硫磷防治;对柑橘红蜘蛛等螨类,建议使用阿维菌素、哒螨灵、克螨特以及尼索     

螺螨酯10％悬浮剂的研制

以螺螨酯原药加工成螺螨酯10％悬浮剂,对配方中的助剂进行了研究,并确定了较佳配方。试验结果表明,该产品具有良好的物理和化学稳定性。     

阿维菌素与其他3种药剂复配对朱砂叶螨的联合作用

室内采用叶片残毒法测定了阿维菌素、丁醚脲、哒螨灵和炔螨特对朱砂叶螨雌成螨的毒力及其复配剂的联合作用。结果表明,以阿维菌素为主干药剂,与其他3种杀螨剂复配对朱砂叶螨雌成螨的增效作用显著,相同浓度下复配剂显著优于各单剂,其中,阿维菌素和丁醚脲(1∶1、1∶49)、阿维菌素和哒螨灵(1∶19、1∶29)、阿维菌素和炔螨特(1∶1、1∶2、1∶4、1∶39)增效作用显著,共毒系数分别为350.9、488.4、465.9、582.5、349.7、350.5、436.1、452.6。阿维菌素与其他3种杀螨剂复配可有效克服或延缓害螨抗性的产生,并且可以提高药效、降低成本,在害螨防治中极具应用前景和开发潜力。     

7种杀虫剂防治小菜蛾田间药效评价

测定了7种不同杀虫剂对小菜蛾的防效,并对其田间的应用效果进行评价。结果表明：虫螨腈100g／L悬浮剂、氯虫苯甲酰胺200g／L悬浮剂、阿维菌素18g／L乳油、乙基多杀菌素60g／L悬浮剂和三氟甲吡醚100g/L乳油速效性和持效性均较好,药后1d防效即达到78％vT,上,持效期lOd以上;氟啶脲5％乳油速效性较差,高效氯氰菊酯4．5％乳油持效期相对较短。虫螨腈100g／L悬浮剂、氯虫苯甲酰胺200g／L悬浮剂、阿维菌素18g／Lg乳油、乙基多杀菌素60g／L悬浮荆和三氟甲吡醚100舡乳油可快速有效地防治小菜蛾,对天敌等影响较小,对作物安全．可作为防治的首选药剂使用。     

Incidence and inheritance of resistance to METI-acaricides in European strains of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

A strain of Tetranychus urticae (Koch; Acari: Tetranychidae), collected from hops (Humulus humuli L; Cannabaceae) in England with a short history of tebufenpyrad use, exhibited resistance to four METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor)-acaricides; tebufenpyrad, pyridaben, fenazaquin and fenpyroximate. Resistance factors for these compounds in a microimmersion assay were 46, 346, 168 and 77 respectively, and corresponded to those exhibited by a Japanese METI-acaricide-resistant reference strain. Levels of resistance remained stable without further selection, and selection with tebufenpyrad did not increase them. The UK strain was also resistant (c 6-fold) to bifenthrin. Crosses of homozygous, diploid females with hemizygous, haploid males showed that, in the UK strain, METI-acaricide resistance was paternally and maternally inherited, and was an incompletely dominant trait. Another tebufenpyrad-resistant strain from the UK, originating from a chrysanthemum nursery (Chrysanthemum foeniculaceum Giseke; Asteraceae) was collected eight months later at a site c 210 km distant from the first. These are the first published incidences of METI-acaricide resistance in Europe and implications for the future use of these compounds are discussed.     

Fenpyroximate resistance in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): cross-resistance and biochemical resistance mechanisms

A field colony of the Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), resistant to fenpyroximate was further selected with fenpyroximate 5SC for 20 generations at a selection pressure of 30-50% mortality (designated as FR-20 strain). Resistance and cross-resistance levels of the FR-20 strain to 18 acaricides were determined using a spray method. The FR-20 strain was extremely resistant to fenpyroximate [resistance ratio (RR) 252]. The strain exhibited extremely strong positive cross-resistance to acrinathrin (RR 196), and high levels of resistance to benzoximate (RR 55) and propargite (RR 64). Moderate levels of cross-resistance (RR 11-40) to abamectin, fenbutatin oxide, fenpropathrin, pyridaben, pyridaben + bifenthrin and tebufenpyrad were observed. The FR-20 strain showed low levels of resistance (RR < 10) to azocyclotin, bromopropylate, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr + bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr + pyridaben, dicofol, fenazaquin and milbemectin. Synergist experiments with different metabolic inhibitors revealed that piperonyl butoxide had the greatest effect on the efficacy of fenpyroximate, followed by iprobenfos and triphenyl phosphate. In a comparative assay with detoxifying enzymes, the FR-20 strain showed 2.5-fold higher activity in p-nitroanisole-O-demethylation, and 2.5- and 2.2-fold higher activities in alpha- and beta-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis, respectively. These results suggested that enhanced activities of both mixed-function oxidases and esterases likely contribute to the fenpyroximate resistance of the FR-20 strain of T urticae.     

Efficacy of five selected acaricides against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and their side effects on relevant natural enemies occurring in citrus orchards

BACKGROUND: Three groups of natural enemies are fundamental in citrus IPM in Spain: coccinellid and phytoseiid predators and hymenopteran parasitoids. Tetranychus urticae Koch is an important pest affecting citrus, for which biological control has not yet been achieved; therefore, acaricides are commonly used to control it. The goal of this study was to measure the efficacy of different acaricides on this mite and their side effects on three natural enemies relevant for citrus (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, Neoseiulus californicus McGregor and Aphidius colemani Viereck).RESULTS: Some products proved highly effective against T. urticae and harmless to A. colemani (mineral oil, tebufenpyrad, clofentezine and fenazaquin). However, almost all products tested were slightly harmful for both the predators considered. Fenazaquin was even moderately harmful for N. californicus. CONCLUSION: Further studies, like that presented here, are necessary to gain a better understanding of integrating biological and chemical controls. When considering both efficacy and side effects on beneficial arthropods, the best options would seem to be mineral oil, tebufenpyrad and clofentezine. However, it is urgent to complete testing of the side effects of the acaricides used in citrus. This question is crucial if the fact that two recently introduced Tetranychidae are being controlled in citrus by chemical means exclusively is considered.     

基于降水距平的黄淮平原夏玉米干旱评估指标研究

以降水和产量资料为基础,研究确定了夏玉米干旱评估指标。首先对历史产量序列进行处理,利用三次多项式拟合趋势产量,分离相对气象产量;分析不同生育阶段降水距平和相对气象产量的相关关系,结果表明,玉米出苗~抽雄期降水距平与相对气象产量呈显著的正相关;通过统计分析,建立了它们之间的回归方程,并结合农业干旱划分标准,确定了夏玉米生长季不同等级的农业气象干旱指标,即降水负距平<20%、20%~50%、50%~80%、>80%时,分别出现轻旱、中旱、重旱和严重干旱,产量分别减少<10%、10%~20%、20%~30%、>30%。     

东北黑土区土壤水分对大豆生长影响的试验研究

2009年在黑龙江省鹤山农场进行6个土壤水分水平控制的大豆盆栽试验,土壤水分分别是:15%、18%、24%、30%、40%、48%.结果表明:土壤水分和大豆产量有很好的二次曲线关系,决定系数R<'2>达到0.97,大豆产量在田间持水量条件下达到峰值,低干、高于田间持水量时,大豆均减产,田间持水量80%～133%减产幅度...     

干旱对太行山山前平原雨养农田产量影响的模拟研究

以多时间尺度标准化降水蒸散指数（SPEI）作为干旱指标,利用APSIM模型（农业生产系统模拟模型）模拟太行山山前平原雨养旱作农田冬小麦-夏玉米近30 a产量变化,分析干旱对作物产量的影响。结果显示：APSIM模型对模拟雨养条件下作物产量具有良好的适用性,玉米产量年际波动较大、变异系数为51.2%,易受降雨因素影响;小麦产量波动相对较为稳定,变异系数为26.4%。干旱指数与作物产量极显著相关（P<0.01）,其中小麦产量与SPEI-3-Apr相关系数达0.79,玉米产量与SPEI-3-Sep相关系数达0.88,适宜干湿状态在0～2之间;所建立的回归方程分别可以解释61.8%的小麦产量变异和87.7%的玉米产量变异。研究表明,SPEI-3-Apr、SPEI-3-Sep可分别作为该地区雨养农田小麦、玉米产量的估计指标。     

植物激活蛋白对白术的抗病增产作用

植物激活蛋白能显著提高白术对病害的抗性,700~1300倍液喷施白术叶面,隔30d一次,对白术根腐病和斑枯病的诱抗效果分别达53.9%~81.2%和39.7%~63.3%。植物激活蛋白能显著提高白术商品性和产量,白术的单术重量增加35%以上,白术产量提高46%以上。6月初使用700倍激活蛋白,间隔30d,整个生长期使用5次对白术抗病增产效果最好,对斑枯病诱抗效果达63.3%,增产129.93%。     

覆膜集雨栽培对冬小麦产量及养分吸收的影响

采用垄上覆膜集雨保墒、沟内种植的栽培方法,在半湿润易旱的关中红油土上进行了冬小麦田间试验,探讨覆膜集雨栽培对冬小麦产量及氮磷钾养分携出量的影响。结果表明,覆膜集雨的增产效果明显。覆膜条件下,高氮处理的生物产量与籽粒产量比低氮处理分别增加15.9%、22.6%;高氮高密度条件下,覆膜的生物产量与籽粒产量比不覆膜分别提高39.5%、28.9%,其中,高氮低密度(即高氮宽垄覆膜集雨)处理的籽粒产量和生物产量最高,产量可达7898kg/hm2;覆膜集雨种植可协调土壤水分和养分的关系,促进了地上部的养分携出量,有利于植株的协调生长,最终获得高产。     

小麦／玉米间作优势及地上部与地下部因素的相对贡献研究

采用田间微区试验以及地下部种间根系分隔技术研究了玉米覆膜与不覆膜两种情况下小麦/玉米间作优势及地上部因素和地下部因素对间作优势的相对贡献。结果表明,玉米不覆膜时小麦/玉米间作籽粒产量和生物产量土地当量比分别为1.30、1.29,具有明显的产量间作优势,玉米覆膜时小麦/玉米间作籽粒产量和生物产量土地当量比分别为1.41、1.40,具有极显著的产量间作优势;玉米不覆膜时小麦/玉米间作氮、磷、钾养分吸收优势明显,玉米覆膜时小麦/玉米间作具有极显著的氮、磷、钾养分吸收优势。地上部因素和地下部因素对小麦/玉米间作中籽粒产量和生物产量间作优势的相对贡献,当玉米不覆膜时分别为75%、25%,当玉米覆膜时均为地上部占67%、地下部占33%。当玉米不覆膜时,地上部和地下部因素对小麦/玉米间作氮、磷养分吸收优势的相对贡献均分别为67%与33%,钾则地上部与地下部贡献相等(各占50%);当玉米覆膜时,地上部和地下部因素对小麦/玉米间作氮、钾养分吸收优势的相对贡献均具有同等重要性(各占50%),对磷吸收的贡献分别占55%与45%。     

基于产量灾损的冬小麦干热风综合风险区划

利用河南省118个县气象站逐日气象资料、作物耕地面积和灌溉面积等资料,30个农业气象观测站产量、产量结构及作物发育期资料,通过分解气象产量和假设千粒重期望值的方法,提取出了灌浆期气象产量,考虑减产风险概率、千粒重变异系数等指标,构建了干热风产量灾损风险指数。将产量灾损风险与灾害气候风险区划结果相结合,制定了干热风灾害综合风险区划。结果表明：提取的灌浆期气象产量呈正态分布,各代表站干热风发生年份的平均减产率为7.4%;干热风产量灾损的低风险区占全区域的43.3%,中度风险区占36.7%,高风险区占20%。襄城、方城、西平和驻马店等地干热风灾害综合风险指数均在0.5以上,是产量灾损高风险与气候高风险的重叠区,低风险区位于伊川、南阳、郑州、太康和淮河以南大部。