共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
北京地区菜园土壤磷素积累的剖面特征及对环境的潜在影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Profile characteristics of accumulated P in 10 representative soils of vegetable fields in suburban districts of Beijing were investigated. Bioavailability of the accumuIated P and its potential effect on the environment were studied in a greenhouse pot experiment and a soil column experiment. The results showed that theconcentration of Olsen-P in the 0-20 cm soil samples of the vegetable fields ranged from 22.1 to 358.0 mg kg-1, which was 2 to 10 times higher than that of the crop fields in the suburbs of Beijing. Most of theexcessive phosphorus was accumulated in the topsoils. The longer the soils cultivated with vegetables, thehigher the soil total P, Olsen-P and organic matter concentration. Accumulated P in the soils from vegetablefields had higher bioavailability. Application of phosphorus fertilizer could not increase the dry weights ofcucumbers, Chinese cabbage, and rape seedlings continuously planted. The soil column study showed high P concentration (> 0.6 mg L-1) in the leachates from the columns of the vegetable field soils with high accumulated P, which has a potential effect on the groundwater and natural water quality. 相似文献
2.
二(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸酯降解菌的分离和鉴定及其在污染土壤生物修复中的作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) is a high-molecular-weight phthalate ester(PAE) that has been widely used in the manufacture of polyvinylchloride and contributes to environmental pollution.The objectives of the present study were to isolate a DEHP degrader that can utilize DEHP as a carbon source and to investigate its capacity to biodegrade DEHP in both liquid culture and soil.A bacterial strain WJ4 was isolated from an intensively managed vegetable soil,which was contaminated with PAEs.The strain WJ4 was affiliated to the genus Rhodococcus and was able to remove DEHP from soil effectively.A period of only 7 d was required to degrade about 96.4%of DEHP(200 mg L-1) in the liquid culture,and more than 55%of DEHP(1.0 g kg-1) in the artificially contaminated soil was removed within 21 d.Furthermore,Rhodococcus sp.strain WJ4 had a strong ability to degrade DEHP without additional nutrients in liquid minimal medium culture and DEHP-contaminated soil and to degrade the homologue of DEHP in both liquid culture and soil.Strain WJ4 represents a novel tool for removing PAEs from contaminated soils and it may have great potential for application in the remediation of environmental pollution by PAEs. 相似文献
3.
Phthalate esters(PAEs) are extensively applied in industry, and they migrate to environment during the process of production,employ, and treatment and are difficult to be degraded in nature. However, some microorganisms could use them as the carbon source to growth. In this study, an Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5, capable of utilizing PAEs, was isolated from a vegetable greenhouse soil.The degradation capability of strain LMB-5 was also investigated by incubation in mineral salt medium containing different PAEs,dimethyl phthalate(DMP), diethyl phthalate(DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP). The strain could grow well with DMP, DEP, DBP, and DEHP. When the concentration of DBP increased from 100 to 400 mg L~(-1), the half-life extended from 9.5 to 15.5 h. In the concentration range of DBP, the degradation ability of strain LMB-5 could be described by first-order kinetics. During the biodegradation of DBP, three intermediates, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,butyl methyl ester, DMP,and phthalic acid(PA) were detected, and the proposed pathway of DBP was identified. By analysis of bioinformatics, one esterase was cloned from the genome of LMB-5 and expressed in Escherichia coli. It displayed an ability to break the ester bonds of DBP. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 40℃ with DBP as the substrate. It was activated by Cu~(2+) and Fe~(3+) and had a high activity in the presence of low concentrations of methanol or dimethylsulfoxide(each 10%, volume:volume). The Acinetobacter sp. strain LMB-5 may make a contribution to the remediation of soils polluted by PAEs in the future. 相似文献
4.
苏南地区土壤重金属向蔬菜的迁移研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Vegetable fields in peri-urban areas receive large amounts of extraneous heavy metals because of rapid urbanization and industrialization in China. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Pb in 30 soil samples and 32 vegetable samples, collected from 30 different sites in southern Jiangsu Province of China, were measured and their transfer from soil to vegetable was determined. The results showed that the soil samples had wide ranges of pH (4.25-7.85) and electrical conductivity (EC) (0.24-3.42 dS m-1). Among the soil samples, there were four soil samples containing higher Cu and two soil samples containing higher Zn concentrations than those specified in the Chinese Soil Environmental Quality Standard II. However, no vegetable sample was found to contain a high level of Cu or Zn. In contrast, one vegetable sample contained 0.243 mg Pb kg-1 FW, which was above the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard, whereas the corresponding soil Pb concentration was lower than the Chinese Soil Environmental Quality Standard II. The transfer coefficients of Cu of all vegetable samples exceeded the suggested coefficient range, implying that extraneous Cu had high mobility and bioavailability to vegetables. There was no significant correlation between extractable soil heavy metal concentrations with four kinds of extractants and soil pH, EC, heavy metal concentrations in vegetables and soils, except that soil pH correlated well with the extractable soil Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations with 1.0 mol L-1 NH4NO3. Moreover, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction method was a more effcient method of extracting heavy metals from the soils independent of soil pH and EC than other three methods used. 相似文献
5.
N. MORITSUKA T. NISHIKAWA S. YAMAMOTO N. MATSUI H. INOUE LI Kun-Zhi T. INAMURA 《土壤圈》2013,23(2):169-176
Paddy fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake have rapidly changed to greenhouses since 1999. A total of 61 surface soil samples, including 43 greenhouse soils, 12 upland soils, and 6 paddy soils, were collected from a flat lowland area mainly used for agricultural production fields in the southeastern basin of Dianchi Lake. Analyses of the soil samples indicated that the greenhouse soils were characterized by a lower organic matter content, lower pH, and higher soluble nutrients than the paddy soils in the area. The lower organic matter content of the greenhouse soils was ascribed to environmental or management factors rather than the clay content of the soil. Accumulation of soluble nutrients, especially inorganic N, was due to over-application of fertilizers, which also caused soil acidification. The average amount of readily available N, P, and K accumulated in the greenhouse soils was estimated to be equal to or higher than the annual input of these nutrients as a fertilizer, indicating that a reduction in fertilizer application was possible and recommended. In contrast, a very low available Si content was observed in the paddy soils, suggesting the need for Si application for rice production. 相似文献
6.
DEHP污染的两种土壤中接种丛枝菌根对豇豆生长和DEHP降解的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
A 60-day pot experiment was carried out using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a typical organic pollutant phthalic ester and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) as the host plant to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth and degradation of DEHP in two contaminated soils, a yellow-brown soil and a red soil. The air-dried soils were uniformly sprayed with different concentrations of DEHP, inoculated or left uninoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, and planted with cowpea seeds. After 60 days the positive impact of AM inoculation on the growth of cowpea was more pronounced in the red soil than in the yellow-brown soil, with significantly higher (P < 0.01) mycorrhizal colonization rate, shoot dry weight and total P content in shoot tissues for the red soil. Both in the yellow-brown and red soils, AM inoculation significantly (P < 0.01) reduced shoot DEHP content, implying that AM inoculation could inhibit the uptake and translocation of DEHP from roots to the aboveground parts. However, with AM inoculation no positive contribution to the degradation of DEHP was found. 相似文献
7.
漳州土壤中有机氯农药残留研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
YANG Dan QI Shi-Hu ZHANG Jia-Quan TAN Ling-Zhi ZHANG Jun-Peng ZHANG Yuan XU Feng XING Xin-Li HU Ying CHEN Wei YANG Jun-Hu XU Mei-Hui 《土壤圈》2012,22(2):178-189
A soil survey was conducted in Zhangzhou City,an important agricultural region in south of the Fujian Province,China.93 surface soil samples were collected in the paddy fields,vegetable lands,orchards and tea plantations from Zhangzhou City.An additional soil profile was sampled in a paddy field as previous research had indicated high concentrations of organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in the paddy fields.Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDTs) ranged from 0.64-78.07 ng g 1 dry weight and hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs) ranged from 0.72-30.16 ng g 1 dry weight in the surface soil of the whole study region.Ratios of α-HCH/γ-HCH < 4 and o,p-DDT/p,p-DDT > 1 in all soil samples suggested that lindane and dicofol were widely applied in this region in the past.Concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in soils from the four land use types followed the orders:paddy fields > vegetable lands > tea plantations > orchards and tea plantations > orchards > paddy fields > vegetable lands,respectively.Analyses of the data showed no correlation(r < 0.1) between elevation and OCPs contents in paddy fields,orchards and vegetable lands,indicated no significantly different features in distribution of HCHs and DDTs in the soils from low lying plains and mountains and the unsystematic usage of OCPs,and highlighted the fragmented nature of agricultural production in Zhangzhou,as well as the reemission of OCPs from the soils,where high OCPs concentrations were found,in Longhai of Zhangzhou.In addition,no obvious relationship between the OCPs and total organic carbon(TOC)(r < 0.3) was observed in the soil profile.The mean contribution of dicofol in total DDTs was 66% in the whole Zhangzhou region.The approximate burdens of HCHs and DDTs in the surface layer of 0-20 cm were 0.44 and 1.55 t,respectively.The storage of both HCHs and DDTs in soil surface layer(0-20 cm) accounts for 40% burden of the soil layer of 0-50 cm(1.10 t HCHs and 3.87 t DDTs),in which the highest concentrations of OCPs were observed in soil profile. 相似文献
8.
Single phytotoxicity of two representative phthalate esters (PAEs), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), was tested in mung bean (Vigna radiata) seedlings germinated for 72 h in soils spiked with varying concentrations (0-500 mg kg-1 soil) of DnBP or DEHP. PAEs added at up to 500 mg kg-1 soil exerted no significant effect on germination but both pollutants significantly inhibited root elongation (P 〈 0.01); DEHP inhibited shoot elongation (P 〈 0.01) and DnBP depressed biomass on a fresh weight basis (P 〈 0.05). Seedling shoot and root malondialdehyde (MDA) Contents tended to be stimulated by DnBP but inhibited by DEHP. However, increases in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) content, were induced at higher concentrations (e.g., 20 mg kg-1) of both compounds. Accumulation of proline in both roots and shoots and the storage compounds, such as free amino acids and total soluble sugars, in whole plant was induced under the stress exerted by both PAEs. The general responses of mung bean seedlings indicated higher toxicity of DnBP than DEHP on primary growth, during which root elongation was a more responsive index. MDA and GSH were more sensitive parameters in the roots than in the shoots and they might be recommended as physiologically sensitive parameters to assess the toxicity of PAE compounds in soils in future long-term studies. 相似文献
9.
Intercropping and residue retention contribute to high yield and quality of crops. However, their coupled effects on rhizospheric microbial communities under a continuous vegetable cropping system have not been adequately addressed. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects on soil microbial community and yields of waxy maize(Zea mays L.) intercropped with or without residue retention in a continuous broccoli(Brassica oleracea L.) cropping system, i.e., relay intercropping of broccoli and waxy maize(B/M-B), relay intercropping of broccoli and waxy maize with residue retention(B/MR-B), and broccoli monoculture(B-B). The biomass yields of spring and autumn vegetables in B/MR-B were 16.3%–32.5% and 30.1%–46.1% higher than those of B-B,respectively. Autumn vegetable economic yields of B/MR-B were 28.2%–40.3% higher than B-B. The average well color development followed the order: B/MR-B B/M-B B-B. The Shannon index, Simpson index, and Mc Intosh index were higher in B/MR-B than under monoculture. A principal component analysis showed that microbial communities of B/MR-B soils differed from those of B/M-B and B-B soils. Carbon(C) sources utilized by the rhizosphere microorganisms were mainly carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and polymers; however, the C sources for the soil microbial community differed between intercropping and monoculture. The communities from B/MR-B preferred amino acids and polymers. Available nitrogen(N), potassium(K), and phosphorus(P) had an obvious impact on soil microbial community. Additionally, the C source utilization by microorganisms was significantly affected by p H and available K and P. Cropping system diversification through relay intercropping and residue retention effectively improved the functional diversity of the soil microbial communities and increased the yields of vegetables. 相似文献
10.
A total of 400 surface soil(0–15 cm) samples were collected from cultivated soils representing four soil series,namely,Hariharapur,Debatoli,Rajpora and Neeleswaram in Orissa,Jharkhand,Himachal Pradesh and Kerala states of India,respectively,and were analyzed to measure the contents of total and extractable Mn and Fe,to establish the relationship among total and extractable Mn and Fe and soil properties,and to characterize the spatial distribution pattern of Mn and Fe in some cultivated acid soils of India. The contents of total as well as extractable Mn and Fe varied widely with extractants and soil series. However,the amounts of Mn or Fe extracted by diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid(DTPA),Mehlich 1,Mehlich 3,0.1 mol L-1 HCl and ammonium bicarbonate DTPA(ABDTPA) were significantly correlated with each other(P 0.01). Based on the DTPA-extractable contents and the critical limits(2 mg Mn kg-1soil and 4.5 mg Fe kg-1 soil) published in the literature,Mn and Fe deficiencies were observed in 7%–23% and 1%–3% of the soil samples,respectively. The content of soil organic carbon(SOC) had greater influence on total and DTPA-extractable Fe than did soil pH. Geostatistical analysis revealed that total and DTPA-extractable Mn and Fe contents in the acid soils were influenced by soil pH,SOC content,and exchangeable cations like potassium,calcium and magnesium. Spatial distribution maps of total and DTPA-extractable Mn and Fe in soil indicated different distribution patterns. 相似文献
11.
北京市东南郊灌区土壤和农产品酞酸酯污染风险评估 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为明确北京市东南郊典型灌区土壤和作物酞酸酯PAEs含量和污染水平,2015年利用气象色谱-质谱仪检测了该灌区31个表层土壤样品和38个作物样品的6种优控PAEs含量.研究结果表明灌区表层土壤PAEs质量分数为1.8~12.2 mg/kg,均值5.1 mg/kg.与国内外相比,该研究中土壤PAEs含量处于较高水平.土壤中邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯(DnBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)含量均值分别占PAEs总量的60.4%和35.9%.土壤样品邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)和DnBP含量均超美国土壤PAEs控制标准,但总体上未超过美国土壤PAEs治理标准.冬小麦籽粒、夏玉米籽粒和果蔬可食用部位PAEs质量分数分别为2.34~3.66、1.76~3.15和2.26~3.76 mg/kg;与其他研究成果相比,该研究区农产品PAEs含量处于中等水平.不同污灌历史年限区域土壤和粮食作物籽粒PAEs含量均没有显著差异.冬小麦籽粒、夏玉米籽粒和果蔬中DEHP和DnBP含量分别占总量的50.3%和30.5%、45.1%和50.2%、47.16%~63.3%和31.96%~46.36%.农产品PAEs总量及各组分含量均低于欧洲的建议标准值.粮食作物籽粒中PAEs和DnBP含量与土壤中相应含量呈显著正相关,Pearson相关系数(r)分别为0.74~0.87和0.91~0.92.该研究中农作物对PAEs的迁移系数为0.24~1.65.儿童和成人PAEs致癌风险分别为1.34×10-5和3.87x10-5,非致癌指数分别为9.44x 10-1和3.83×10-1,均在可接受范围内;通过口-作物暴露对PAEs 2种风险贡献均最大,DEHP对人体2种风险贡献最大. 相似文献
12.
选择了经济相对发达的珠江三角洲城市群中的典型中小城市的菜地和果园土壤进行调查取样,对16种PAEs(邻 苯二甲酸酯)化合物进行了检测,以研究其分布特征,并初步探讨了本区域的PAEs的污染控制问题。结果表明,在珠三角城市中,东莞土壤的PAEs含量最高,各地土壤中的PAEs平均含量依次为东莞〉深圳(珠海)〉中山(惠州);从珠三角城市菜地和果园的平均PAEs分布来看,东莞和深圳的菜地PAEs明显高于果园;珠海、中山和惠州菜地的平均PAEs与果园基本持平。16种PAEs类化合物在珠江三角洲不同城市的分布各异,东莞市果园和菜地土壤中有11种PAEs含量是采样的5个城市中最高的,表明东莞市土壤受到PAEs污染相对严重,并且值得关注的是东莞土壤中的HEP含量要远远高于其他PAEs化合物。虽然与国内外其他城市土壤相比,所取样调查的珠江三角洲城市土壤中的PAEs含量相对不高,但与美国土壤PAEs控制标准相比,珠三角城市果园和菜地土壤的PAEs主要表现为DEP和DnBP超标,这两类PAEs化合物应该成为重点的污染控制对象。 相似文献
13.
14.
设施菜地土壤酞酸酯污染的初步研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
通过对杭州周边某设施蔬菜大棚基地的土壤采集分析和农田残留农膜的提取分析,结果表明该地区土壤存在一定程度的酞酸酯污染,污染程度与国内大部分农田土壤相当。农膜中酞酸酯含量和农膜类型对土壤酞酸酯含量均有一定影响。农膜中酞酸酯含量和土壤中酞酸酯含量显著正相关,长期农膜覆盖与黑色农膜覆盖土壤的酞酸酯含量相对较高,因此减少农膜在土壤中的残留是减少土壤酞酸酯污染的有效途径之一。大棚覆盖或地膜覆盖等不同农膜覆盖方式对土壤酞酸酯含量在本研究中未发现显著差异。土壤酞酸酯含量与土壤有机质极显著正相关,表明土壤有机质对酞酸酯,尤其是高分子量酞酸酯污染单体的环境行为有重要的影响。 相似文献
15.
Hai-Ming?Zhao Rui-Wen?Hu He-Biao?Huang Hong-Fei?Wen Huan?Du Yan-Wen?Li Hui?Li Quan-Ying?Cai Ce-Hui?Mo
The widely used plastic film containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in agriculture has caused serious soil pollution and poses risks to human health through the food chain. An effective DEHP degradation bacteria, Microbacterium sp. J-1, was newly isolated from landfill soil. Response surface methodology was successfully employed for optimization resulting in 96% degradation of DEHP (200 mg L?1) within 5 days. This strain degraded DEHP by hydrolysis of the ester bond and hydroxylation of the aromatic ring to form 2-ethyl hexanol, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, phthalate acid, and protocatechuic acid, and subsequently transformed these compounds with a maximum specific degradation rate (q max), half-saturation constant (K s ), and inhibition constant (K i ) of 1.46 day?1, 180.2 mg L?1, and 332.8 mg L?1, respectively. Bioaugmentation of DEHP-contaminated soils with the strain J-1 greatly enhanced the DEHP dissipation rate (~88%). Moreover, this strain could efficiently colonize the rhizosphere soil of inoculated vegetables and further enhanced DEHP degradation (~97%), leading to a significant decrease (>70%) in DEHP accumulation in shoots and roots of the inoculated vegetables compared to uninoculated vegetables. The results highlighted the roles of the inoculated exogenous bacteria in simultaneously bioremediating contaminated soils and reducing bioaccumulation of DEHP in the edible part of the vegetable for food safety. 相似文献
16.
酞酸酯在土壤中的环境行为与健康风险研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
酞酸酯(PAEs)又称邻苯二甲酸酯,是环境激素类有机化合物,作为增塑剂在塑料、树脂和橡胶制品中的添加量一般为20%~60%。土壤中PAEs的主要来源有农用化学品、污水灌溉和大气沉降。PAEs在土壤中有较强的富集作用,并能通过一系列的环境地球化学过程进入不同的环境介质,引起环境污染和人类健康风险。本文结合国内外土壤PAEs的相关研究成果,综述了我国土壤PAEs的污染现状,分析了PAEs在土壤-大气界面(挥发、沉降)、土壤-植物系统(植物吸收、植物修复)、土壤-水界面下的环境行为(吸附-解吸)及土壤PAEs污染的环境健康风险,并指出国内土壤PAEs研究中存在的不足。研究结果显示,我国土壤环境总体上已遭受不同程度的PAEs污染;同时,土壤PAEs通过不同界面之间的迁移转化过程,也面临较高的生态环境健康风险。提出今后土壤PAEs研究应以区域土壤污染与环境行为为重点,深入研究土壤PAEs的时空传输与演变规律、多介质迁移转化机制和风险削减与修复措施,为保障土壤生态环境与健康提供理论依据。 相似文献