华山松人工林主要虫害及其持续控制技术

指出了当前我国的林业建设取得了较快的发展,在林业建设发展中病虫害的治理是一项重要的工作内容,病虫害对林业生产也有着重要的影响。在汉中市的武乡林场具有大量的华山松,华山松的病虫害主要以华山松疱锈病、华山松腐烂病、华山松木蠹象、华山松球蚜为主,对于这几种病虫害的治理一直是技术上的难题,简单介绍了几种病虫害,并提出了针对华山松病虫害的综合治理技术措施。对林业生产中病虫害及其控制技术的研究主要是为了保护林业资源,以华山松为例是希望通过病虫害的防治来维护林区生态系统的多样性,使林区的物种结构平衡可持续发展,为提高华山松生产和经济效益提供技术支持。     

华山松引种试验研究初报

本文阐述华山松引种、育苗、造林、更新和第二代种子育苗试验研究情况及其效果分析;并对华山松生长发育规律及其与生态因子的关系,经过物候观察与生长量调查,进行定性和定量评价,了解华山松生理生态学特性、生长规律和抗逆性,初步总结出发展华山松人工林的适生环境条件和技术措施。同时,对今后进一步搞好华山松试验研究提出建议。     

华山松百日育苗技术简介

华山松主要生长在深厚肥沃排水良好的阴坡、半阴坡的壤土或砂壤士地块上。在土壤湿度大的山坡营造华山松一般选用华山松百日苗双株定植,效果较好。现将华山松百日苗育苗技术简介如下：     

辽西地区华山松引种造林效果初报

对辽西丘陵山区华山松与油松生长情况对比分析，表明22年生华山松平均生长量大于油松树高12％，胸径33％。说明华山松已在辽西较干旱地区引种成功，可以在林业生产上推广应用。     

松梢螟危害对滇中华山松生长量影响的研究

通过对滇中地区松梢螟危害华山松影响生长量的研究，认为松梢螟的发生与干旱及立地条件的关系十分密切。华山松受害后，树高生长，材积生长都受到了严重的影响。     

华山松种子园主要低产因子分析

针对普遍存在的华山松种子园种子产量低这一问题，于１９９５年１９９７年造反我国最大的平坝华山松种子园作为主要试点，对影响种子产量和质量有关的遗传和环境因子进行了较为系统，深入的研究，侧重于造成低产的主要环境因子综合进行了分析探讨，并提出相应的解决措施和建议。     

六盘山华山松天然更新调查报告

六盘山位于宁夏固原市南部,是我国黄土高原具有代表性的天然次生林区,素有“黄土高原明珠”之称,其天然林对周边地区涵养水源,调节气候,改善生态环境之功效是巨大的,华山松是六盘山林区主要天然次生乔木树种之一,目前,六盘山区的天然华山松针阔混交林约0.2万hm2,华山松纯林接近0.13万hm2。本文通过对华山松天然林更新的调查,旨在分析影响华山松天然更新的主要生态因子,进而为其天然更新创造良好的生境,充分发挥自然力的作用。1　自然概况六盘山属土石山区,地处东亚季风区边缘,夏季受东南季风的影响,冬季受干冷的蒙古高压控制,冬季寒冷漫…     

华山松疱锈病发生与林分因子关系的研究

在云南巧家县和东川区二二二林场华山松疱锈病发病高峰期，通过典型抽样调查，经数据处理后得出影响华山松疱锈病发生的主导林分因子，在巧家县为：林木长势，林内卫生状况，样地内松树密度，郁闭度；在东川二二二林场为：林木长势，坡位，郁闭度，两地病害发生的主导林分因子有一定的差异，为两地采用针对性的林业技术防治措施，可持续控制病害提供了依据。     

华山松“豆芽苗”的培育及造林技术

华山松“豆芽苗”的培育及造林技术通海县林业局解双贵华山松是我省主要用材造林树种之一。目前，造林方法已由过去的用种子直播发展到采用“百日苗”或“双月苗”袋苗造林。但是；“百日苗”或“双月苗”的育苗时间都是在３、４月份，此时正是山区干旱缺水季节，育苗时，...     

华山松林分生长量的研究

在华山松天然分布区的巴山林区华山松人工林中设置５种密度级共６６块标准地一位观测,对收集的１６－２１年间该林分的各种生长量指标进行分析检验。由此得到各密度级的各种生长量平均指标,可供华山松林分合理经营和规划设计参考。     

黑龙江省红松林主要害虫及防治技术

论述了黑龙江省红松林主要害虫的种类、分类地位、危害部位以及危害程度,共包括5个目14科36种。其中,枝梢及球果害虫松梢象、冷杉梢斑螟、微红梢斑螟以及食叶害虫落叶松毛虫是黑龙江省红松林的最主要害虫。同时,还提出了黑龙江省红松林主要害虫的综合防治技术措施。     

人工林的生物学稳定性与可持续经营

阐述了人工林的生物学稳定性与森林可持续经营的关系,人工林生物学上的不稳定是人工林可持续经营中存在的突出问题。提出了人工林不稳定性的3方面表现:抵御异常气候变化能力弱;容易遭病虫攻击;容易产生地力衰退。并列举了大量例证。说明了人工林生物学上不稳定的6个原因:单作;景观结构不合理;不能做到适地适树;实施人工林后的立地改变、气候改变及忽视检疫。并针对人工林不稳定性的原因,按生态系统管理要求,提出了7方面的综合育林措施:立地与树种、品种相匹配,适宜的景观配置,控制林分的遗传成分,进行科学的植被管理,改善造林技术,采取合理的收获作业及控制病虫。     

澳大利亚辐射松考察报告

通过对澳大利亚辐射松的现场考察参观、学习培训、学术交流与讨论,对澳大利亚在辐射松种源选择、苗木快繁培育、丰产栽培、集约经营、遗传改良、病虫害防治、木材采伐、加工利用等方面进行归纳叙述,了解到澳大利亚的辐射松人工林发展思路和趋势,经营和管理水平,经营理念、技术与方法等,对四川省大规模引种栽培辐射松具有十分重要的借鉴作用。     

Suggestions on management measures of pine forest ecosystems invaded by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</Emphasis>

Pine wood nematode （PWN）, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus （Steiner et Buhrer） Nickle is an important invasive alien species in forests of China and has become one of the most destructive forest diseases. In order to improve the resistance and resilience of pine forest ecosystems against B. xylophilus invasion and make the pine forest ecosystem more timely responsive to PWN invasion, we made some recommendations based on five years of intensive observations. We advocate a set of management measures with the theme “Prevention is priority, but integrated with curative techniques and ecological resilience” on the pine forest ecosystem invaded by B. xylophilus; details of accurate measures are proposed. The aim is to discover the underlying problems of present pine forest ecosys-tems and to take, correspondingly, administrative measures and strategies, which will encourage the pine forest ecosystem to develop in a benign way.     

丁营飞播区松毛虫发生规律及综合防治措施应用效果的研究

对滦平县丁营飞播区1987--1990年油松毛虫的发生规律进行调查研究,并对1999年丁营飞播区再次暴发油松毛虫灾害,采取综合防治技术措施后对松毛虫种群的影响进行了研究。结果表明,要实现松毛虫可持续控制,关键是对播区油松毛虫防治起始指标的准确确定,采取多种综合防治技术措施,达到实现生态系统的良性改善,松毛虫种群控制在有虫不成灾的水平。     

Integrated Pest Management Practices in Southern Pine Nurseries

Integrated Pest Management is a system that combines cultural, biological and chemical technologies to reduce insect, fungal and weed populations to levels below those that result in economic damage. Nursery managers in the southern United States currently use many practices to control pests of southern pine seedlings. Over the last three decades, improvements in chemical, cultural, and biological pest control practices have increased seed efficiency (defined as the number of plantable seedlings produced divided by the number of pure live seed sown) and reduced the percentage of production costs associated with pest control. As crop values increase, the economic thresholds for applying control measures decrease. However, since the statistical power of most trials in bareroot nurseries is low, the likelihood of experiments that detect “real” treatment difference (e.g. those that consistently increase seed efficiency to the point where economic returns are affected) will be low. This paper describes some current practices in southern pine nurseries and provides some economic injury levels for various pest control treatments.     

马尾松种子园种实害虫、害鼠的研究

经观察马尾松种子园种实害虫和害鼠的种类有２１种，严重危害的有机松瘿纹，马尾松窃蠹，芽梢斑螟，松实小卷蛾、油松球果小卷蛾、微红梢斑螟和社鼠。根据马尾松生殖发育规律，观察了 主要种实害虫、害鼠的 危害顺序及其程度。     

华山松木蠹象发生与环境的关系研究

本文对华山松木蠹象为害木分级、蛹的空间分布型、抽样技术以及发生与环境关系进行了研究。结果表明,华山松木蠹象为害木可分为４ 级：正常木、初侵染木、近枯死木、枯死木。蛹的空间分布型为聚集分布。抽样部位以树干下部为最佳。用逐步回归分析方法,通过计算机处理调查数据得出,在９５ ％ 的可靠性下,影响华山松木蠹象种群数量的主要环境因子为林木生长势     

Influence of silvicultural practices on twisting rust infection and damage in maritime pine,as related to growth

A three-year study was carried out on the influence of silvicultural intensification on infection and damage caused by Melampsora pinitorqua, the twisting rust fungus, in maritime pine, Pinus pinaster Ait. The silvicultural practices studied were phosphorus fertilisation, the mode of stand establishment (either seeds or plants), and pine density. Growth and nutrition variables were also measured. Infection and damage were the most important in the first two years, which could reflect higher resistance with aging. At the end of the experiment, when pines were 4 years old, the planted, fertilised pines turned out to be the most damaged and the tallest, while the sown, non-fertilised pines were the least damaged and the smallest. Final damage was mainly explained by the damage observed in the earlier years. Annual damage was significantly correlated with infection percentage, more closely in the first year of observation. Higher susceptibility of the planted pines was associated with better growth and was explained by a greater amount of susceptible tissues, Under our experimental conditions, this explanation could not be retained for the fertilisation effect. However, phosphorus fertilisation induced changes in the nutritional status of pines. A significant positive correlation was observed between the phosphorus and potassium content on one hand and the susceptibility and damage on the other hand. Density effects were seldom observed in the experiment, either on growth or susceptibility variables. The positive relation between pine growth and rust damage, as confirmed in this study, emphasises the need for an integrated management of intensively managed pine stands, taking into account the disease hazard.     

SMALL-DIAMETER KOREAN PINES AND THEIR ROLES INNATURAL KOREAN PINE FOREST

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