梅州灵芝林下栽培试验研究

本文通过开展林下仿野生段木栽培灵芝试验,测定了灵芝连续年产量,比较了不同段木树种、不同林分对灵芝产量的影响,并对林下仿野生栽培和大棚栽培灵芝的品质进行了比较.结果表明:(1)林下段木仿野生栽培灵芝,能连续采收5年(菌段质量7～8 kg),每年可采收2次,其中第2年产量最高,随后逐年降低,前3年产量约占总产量的76％,1...     

木段栽培灵芝的产量与阔叶树种关系的研究

文章以9种当地阔叶树种为研究对象,挑选同一林分阔叶树种枝丫材,经劈切捆成直径15cm和高20cm的接菌培养木段,接种发菌后,扣塑料棚进行地栽出芝,结果表明9种不同树种的木段均能出芝,但产量表现出较大的差异,不同树种对灵芝子实体和孢子粉产量由高至低的排序为千金榆、蒙古栎、柠劲子槭、最高,色木槭、假色槭、白榆其次,紫椴、白桦、核桃楸最低。试验结果为从事灵芝栽培产业选择适宜的树种木段接菌料提供依据。     

北方香菇段木栽培技术方案实施细则

1 段木准备1.1 树种 栽培香菇的主要树种为柞树。其次有榆树,色木,白牛槭,水曲柳,胡桃楸及黑桦。1.2 选择菇木的标准 ①直径在8～20cm的原木。枝桠及树头均可;②生长在阳坡的树木比阴坡的树木产量高。1.3 菇木的采伐季节 以树木处于休眠状态时为最佳,一般应掌握在“冬至”后至翌年“立     

槭树科3树种耐盐碱能力研究

为筛选出适应吉林省西部盐碱区域栽培的绿化树种,本试验模拟东北地区苏打盐碱土成分对色木槭、白牛槭、拧筋槭三个树种进行盐碱胁迫试验。结果表明:中盐处理中,拧筋槭生长受抑制最小,耐盐碱能力明显好于色木槭和白牛槭;高盐胁迫中,拧筋槭抗性较强,色木槭和白牛槭抗性较弱。槭树科3树种耐盐碱能力排序由强到弱为:拧筋槭、白牛槭、色木槭。     

牡丹江地区主要秋季野生红叶树种槭树的引种栽培研究

茶条槭、白牛槭、假色槭、拧筋槭等野生秋季红叶树种是牡丹江地区当前很受欢迎的景观树种。由于其发芽率低、发芽困难,致使育苗产量和质量受到很大影响。进行了牡丹江地区主要秋季野生红叶树种槭树的引种栽培研究,通过在学院实训基地对上述树种进行引种栽培试验,解决了其在牡丹江地区栽培的限制因子,降低了苗木生产成本,提高了苗木的质量和抗性,使其可以在本地区大面积推广和应用。     

刍议优良的绿化树木槭树属植物

阐述了槭树在园林上的应用价值,概述了槭树在世界和我国的引种栽培,详细地介绍了黑龙江省森林植物园的5种优良的槭树树种 :白牛槭、拧筋槭、色木槭、羽叶槭以及银槭.讨论了糖槭在利用方式上的改变.     

浙江省重大攻关项目“香菇栽培基质资源开发利用”通过鉴定

由浙江省林业科学研究院主持，丽水市食用菌研究开发中心、浙江大学、景宁县科委、嘉兴天源保健品有限公司等协作承担的浙江省“九·五”重大攻关项目“香菇栽培基质资源开发利用”，经浙江省科技厅批准，于 2002 年 8 月 24 日通过成果鉴定。该项目通过对 29 个树种的多点人工造林和不同树种木屑栽培试验，根据生物产量、萌芽力和香菇产量、质量等多个指标，综合评选出银荆、南酸枣、秃瓣杜英等 11 个适于短轮伐期的优良菇木树种，并深入研究了各树种的繁育技术、造林技术、矮林经营技术、合理轮伐期等配套经营技术。在节木栽培基质上生物…     

几种防火树种的水分特性与防火性能分析

测定了山杨、大青杨等8个阔叶树种树皮和枯落物绝对含水率和相对含水率,依据含水率做了防火性能的排序,分析和评价了各树种的防火特性。结果表明,各树种枯落物的含水率由高至低的排序为山杨大青杨水曲柳胡桃楸蒙古栎黄波椤色木槭白桦;不同树种树皮含水率由高至低的排序为大青杨山杨胡桃楸水曲柳色木槭黄波椤蒙古栎白桦。     

不同树种袋料栽菇试验初报

采用１８个树种袋料进行栽培香菇对比试验结果表明，不同树种袋料对香菇产量有显著的影响，其中以马褂木、南酸枣、拟赤杨的产量最高，枫香、桤木、胡枝子次之，而传统菇木树种甜槠、锥栗等产量一般，苦槠量差。     

浅谈灵芝脱袋覆土栽培的机理与效应

近几年，灵芝栽培在我省东部林区迅速发展，给当地经济发展注入了活力，尤其为林场职工的脱贫致富提供了一个极好的机遇。短木段栽培灵芝的技术日臻完善．但不小栽培者对灵芝生产工艺流程中埋段这一环节存在歧意。有的欲采取墙式栽培方法，有的欲采取割口不脱袋埋段，认为不脱袋易保持水分。笔者通过实践证买，只有脱袋覆土栽培是最好的方法。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Key Habitats in the Norwegian Production Forest: A Case Study

This study investigated the forest history, structural characteristics, the presence of fungal species suggested to indicate ecological continuity in old-growth forest, and the species composition of saproxylic beetles in 30 old forest ''woodland key habitats'' (WKHs), and compared them with production forest in the same age-class in south-eastern Norway. No statistically significant differences in forest characteristics, community of saproxylic beetles or number of red-listed beetles were found between the WKHs and the production forest, probably owing to a combination of profound long-term logging and a lack of will to delineate sufficiently large WKHs in the one area with significantly less forestry impact. The study indicates the advantage of including forest history information in WKH selection where such data exist, and the importance of restoring habitats in heavily exploited forest landscapes.