苹果RAPD分析体系的建立

对富士苹果（Ｍａｌｕｓ Ｐｕｍｉｌａ Ｍｉｌｌ．ｃｖ．Ｆｕｊｉ）ＲＡＰＤ（Ｒａｎｄｏｍ Ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄ Ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｃ ＤＮＡ）分析体系的优化研究表明,ＲＡＰＤ反应体系中,ＤＮＡ、Ｔａｑ酶、引物和Ｍｇ＾２＋４种主要成分的最适用量分别为：２０ｎｇ、１．０Ｕ、０．２μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１和３．０μｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１。采用该优化体系,以ＯＰＪ０３为引物,构建了我国及世界范围内苹果生产中重要的２８个     

KT—30S和GA4＋7对‘大紫’樱桃果实的影响

低浓度（５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１）ＫＴ－３０Ｓ盛花期喷花序、３０００μｇ．ｇ＾－１ＧＡ４＋７果梗涂布及两者混用，可显著增大果个和提高单果重，单果重分别比对照提高１３％，１７％和３２％，而高浓度（１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１）ＫＴ－３０Ｓ可显著减少果个和降低单果重，ＫＴ－３０Ｓ和ＧＡ４＋７对果实的总酸含量，可溶性固形物含量及着色也有一定影响。     

自由基清除剂对几种蔬菜衰老种子活力的影响

用外源自由基清除剂ＳＢＮ（１、２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和ＧＳＨ（０．００１、０．００５ｋｇ／Ｌ）浸种西瓜、甜瓜和萝卜衰老种子能显著促进其萌发,而ＡｓＡ（５、１０、１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）浸种效果不明显,上述处理要不同程度地提高衰老种子中ＣＡＴ和ＳＯＤ活性,降低Ｏ２＾－产生速率,减轻膜脂过氧化作用。     

金叶卫矛的茎段培养及试管繁殖

以金叶卫矛带腋芽的茎段为外植体进行试管繁殖,筛选出各培养阶段适宜的培养基分别为：（１）腋芽萌生,ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ;（２）分化及继代,ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ;（３）生根,１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

蟆叶秋海棠的叶柄培养和植株再生

以叶柄为外植体,研究了蟆叶秋海棠的离体快繁技术。结果表明：附加ＢＡ０．５～２．５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１和ＩＡＡ０．１ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１的ＭＳ培养基可诱导叶柄外植体可产生大量不定芽。采用ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１＋ＩＡＡ０．１ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１的培养基进行继代培养,每４～６周可扩大增殖１０倍左右。在无激素的ＭＳ培养基中,试管苗６天即可生根,并且根系粗壮。幼苗移栽成活率约９０％。     

金边富贵竹的茎段培养及试管繁殖

以金边富贵竹带腋芽的茎段为外植体进行试管繁殖,筛选出各培养阶段适宜的培养基分别为：（１）腋芽萌生,ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０－２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋椰子水１０％;（２）丛生芽分化民代,ＭＳ＋ＢＡ３．０－３．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０２ｍｇ／Ｌ;（３）生根,ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ２．０－３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ｇａ３１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋活性碳０．５％。     

花叶万年青的组织培养

以“夏雪”品种为试材,研究花叶万年青的组培快繁,结果表明,无菌材料的获得以ＭＳ＋ＢＡ５＋ＩＢＡ０．２为最佳。快速繁殖阶段以ＭＳ＋ＢＡ５＋ＡＤ（１－１０）＋ＩＢＡ（０．１－０．２）＋３０（Ｇ／Ｌ）糖为最佳,６－ＢＡ与ＩＢＡ的比值在１０～５０倍为宜。生根前一代用ＭＳ＋ＢＡ（１－５）＋ＩＢＡ（０．１－０．２）＋３０（Ｇ／Ｌ）糖组合有利于芽苗长高,生根培养用１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ１＋６－ＢＡ０．１,在快繁阶段     

埃斯(Ace)苹果的离体培养及繁殖

埃斯（Ａｃｅ）苹果的离体培养及繁殖１植物名称苹果品种埃斯。２材料类别多年生树茎尖生长点。３培养条件（１）起始培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＣＨ３００ｍｇ／Ｌ＋３％食用绵白糖；（２）增殖培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１．５ｍｇ／...     

钙和萘乙酸对猕猴桃果实贮藏的影响

室温条件下，１０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１ＮＡＡ、０．５％ＣａＣｌ２、５％ＣａＣｌ２和５％ＣａＣｌ２与１０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１ＮＡＡ混合使用均缩短猕猴桃果实贮藏期，而０．５％ＣａＣｌ２与１０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１ＮＡＡ混合处理能延长果实贮藏期。     

石竹花芽发生与内源多胺含量的关系

以石竹叶片为外植体,诱导愈伤组织、营养芽、花芽的培养基分别为ＭＳ＋ＺＴ２．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋２,４－Ｄ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＭＳ＋ＺＴ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ;ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ。在石竹离体叶花芽形成过程中,内源多胺含量呈不同的变化趋势,腐胺、亚精胺含量上升,而二丙胺、精胺含量下降,表明多胺与石竹离体叶花芽分化有明显的内在联系。     

梨雄性不育系‘新梨7号’花器官内氨基酸含量和过氧化氢酶活性分析

以梨雄性可育系‘香梨’为对照,研究了不育系‘新梨7号’在小孢子发育期间花蕾花药中游离氨基酸总量、游离脯氨酸含量和过氧化氢酶活性的变化。结果表明,伴随着花芽萌动和花粉母细胞减数分裂,花芽花药中氨基酸总量呈上升趋势,并且‘香梨’略高于‘新梨7号’。‘新梨7号’与‘香梨’脯氨酸含量均在萌芽期表现出上升态势,进入4月后‘香梨’增幅明显高于‘新梨7号’,以至在4月中旬开花时‘香梨’脯氨酸含量比同期‘新梨7号’高出数倍。在整个花芽萌动期,‘香梨’过氧化氢酶活性持续升高,‘新梨7号’在花芽萌芽前期与‘香梨’同步提高,但在4月1日达到峰值后呈快速下降趋势,以至在开花时‘香梨’花药中过氧化氢酶活性已高出‘新梨7号’数倍。为此,我们初步认为‘新梨7号’不育系花药内氨基酸代谢失调是其小孢子败育的重要特征,其中脯氨酸缺乏是其花粉败育的主要结果。同时,包括过氧化氢酶在内的保护性酶代谢失调与小孢子败育关系密切。     

Flowering in pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariaefolium L.). II. Changes in plant growth regulator concentrations

Radioimmunoassays were used to quantify the endogenous concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in pyrethrum during flower initiation and development. The concentrations of gibberellins, abscisic acid, indole acetic acid, zeatin and zeatin riboside, dihydrozeatin and dihydrozeatin riboside, and isopentenyladenine and isopentyladenosine were assayed. Fluctuations in PGR concentrations were correlated with flower bud initiation, flower stem elongation and floral differentiation. The gibberellin concentration increased during vernalization (6°C night temperature), a treatment known to promote floral initiation. A marked increase in gibberellin concentration was correlated with the onset of flower stem elongation. The concentration of the auxin indole acetic acid declined significantly at this time and remained low during flower bud development. Low photon flux density conditions, which retard floral initiation in otherwise inductive vernalizing conditions, failed to induce a decrease in indole acetic acid concentration.     

氯酸钾诱导龙眼成花与内源激素的变化

 用氯酸钾(KCIO )诱导成年龙眼树在4～8月进行花芽分化，开花，并测定内源激素含量的变化。结果表明：经KCIO 诱导处理的植株能在60 d左右开花，添加植物细胞分裂素(CTK)比单独使用KCIO 的促进成花效果更明显；在成花诱导后，成花母枝叶片中脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素核苷(ZRs)含量在成花诱导期保持在较高的水平，而进入形态建成后逐渐降低，对照树ABA和ZRs含量一直处于较低水平。提出ZRs／GA 的比值为l可作为龙眼花芽生理分化的临界指标。     

香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种毒素解毒剂的筛选及对香蕉防御酶活性的影响

从15种候选解毒剂中筛选出对香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)4号生理小种(简称Foc 4)毒素解毒效果最好的2种解毒剂——硫酸锌和井冈霉素。在2 g.L-1浓度下,硫酸锌和井冈霉素对Foc 4毒素的钝化率分别为76.67%和71.33%,而在5 g.L-1浓度下,它们的钝化率分别为90.33%和80.00%。探索了毒素—硫酸锌和毒素—井冈霉素处理体系在2 g.L-1和5 g.L-1浓度下对香蕉苗5种防御酶(PAL、POD、PPO、SOD和CAT)活性的影响。结果表明,在这个处理体系中,香蕉苗PAL和PPO酶活高峰出现的时间(PAL 36 h、PPO 36 h和48 h)较毒素单独处理(PAL 48 h、PPO 60 h)早;SOD和CAT酶活高峰出现的时间与对照基本一致;而POD酶活高峰出现的时间较复杂。总体上,这个处理体系的酶活高于毒素单独处理和无菌水对照。"毒素—硫酸锌处理体系"在PAL、SOD整体酶活上高于"毒素—井冈霉素处理体系",而后者在其他3种酶活上普遍高于前者。     

氯酸钾诱导龙眼成花与叶片蛋白质及核酸含量变化的关系

用氯酸钾(KClO3)诱导龙眼成花及成花过程中成花母枝叶片蛋白质和核酸含量的变化,结果表明:经KClO3诱导处理的植株能在60d左右开花,添加植物细胞分裂素(CTK)比单独使用KClO3对促进龙眼成花效果更明显;在成花诱导后,成花母枝叶片中蛋白质和核酸的含量在成花诱导期迅速增加,之后逐渐下降,而对照树蛋白质和核酸含量始终保持在较低水平,其中RNA峰值出现比DNA晚10d左右;RNA/DNA的比值在成花后一直呈上升的趋势,在花芽形态分化前达到最大值。     

Direct somatic embryogenesis and adventitious shoot formation from immature axillary buds of Melastoma affine

Summary

Direct somatic embryogenesis and adventitious shoot formation were induced from immature axillary bud explants of Melastoma affine cultured on induction medium containing both naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and cytokinins. Among the cytokinins tested, thidiazuron (TDZ) played a greater role in the induction of somatic embryogenesis than 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and kinetin (KT). Histological studies of paraffin sections showed that the same tissue from immature axillary buds produced different types of explants that developed floral primordia and vegetative bud primordia during the earlier and later flowering stages, respectively. These could result in different developmental pathways. Efficient mass propagation and plant regeneration systems were established for Melastoma affine.     

BTH诱导甜瓜愈伤组织活性氧代谢和抗性酶活性的信号途径

通过对含有苯并噻二唑(BTH)、咖啡酸(CA)或氯化钴(CC)等不同MS培养上甜瓜愈伤组织的研究,测定了超氧阴离子(O2■)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量及抗性相关酶活性的变化,探讨了BTH诱导的甜瓜ROS代谢和抗性酶活性及其相关的信号途径。结果表明,CA可以消除BTH对甜瓜愈伤组织O2■增加和H2O2积累的诱导作用;CA或CC能够部分抵消BTH对SOD增强的诱导作用;CC对BTH诱导的POD增强具有抑制效应,CA+CC可完全消除BTH对POD的诱导作用;CA和CC均能促进BTH对PAL增强的诱导作用,且具有协同效应。BTH对甜瓜O2■升高、H2O2积累和CAT降低的诱导主要通过SA途径实现,对POD的影响主要通过ET途径实现,对SOD升高的诱导通过SA和ET 2条途径实现,而对PAL活性的影响通过ET和SA以外的途径实现。     

底物、末端产物对离体银杏叶苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的影响

苯丙氨酸处理浓度高于2.5mmol/L时抑制酶活性,低于2.5mmol/L时促进酶活性,诱导酶活性最强的是1.25mmol/L苯丙氨酸处理。4个浓度的反式肉桂酸处理都能抑制酶活性,100mg/L反式肉桂酸抑制酶活性作用最强。3,5-二氢肉桂酸除100mg/L微弱地增加酶活性外,其余都抑制酶活性,抑制酶活性最强的为200mg/L3,5-二氢肉桂酸处理。阿魏酸除100mg/L浓度增加酶活性外,其它浓度处理都降低酶活性,50mg/L抑制酶活性最强。4个浓度的4,5,7-三羟黄烷酮(Naringenin)都能抑制酶活性,其中,6.25mg/L抑制能力最强。     

柑桔叶片矿质营养与产量的相关性

对5个柑桔品种叶片矿质营养元素进行了测定,在年周期中呈现规律性变化。1月花芽形态分化期,叶片氮、镁含量与产量呈显著或极显著正相关,提出福建山地柑园土壤中盐基成分流失严重,叶片缺钙、镁、钾较普遍,需肥顺序是钙>镁>钾>磷>氮.     

Regulation of flower development in Dendrobium crumenatum by changes in carbohydrate contents,water status and cell wall metabolism

The involvement of carbohydrates, water potential, cell wall components and cell wall-based enzymes in regulating flower development in Dendrobium crumenatum was investigated. Plants were subjected to cold treatment to release floral buds from dormancy, and the various parameters were investigated from young floral bud stage till flower senescence. Development of floral buds was accompanied by progressive decrease in concentrations of fructans and starch. Upon full flower opening, concentration of soluble sugars was maximum, accompanied by a more negative water potential. High pectin methylesterase activity was observed during early bud development and decreased thereafter. Significant increase in activities of β-galactosidase, β-mannosidase and β-xylosidase was also observed during floral bud development. The cell walls of sepals and petals were modified extensively during floral bud and flower development, as observed by changes in the amounts of celluloses, hemicelluloses and total pectin. Pectin solubilisation was also observed to commence during early floral bud development. These results indicated that carbohydrate hydrolysis, osmotic changes and cell wall dissolution that began early in young floral buds, all regulated flower development in this sympodial orchid. Possible applications of the findings in the horticultural industry are discussed.