水库移民与水土流失

经济建设的快速发展，水资源的日益紧缺，各城市和地区需兴建水库进行水资源的合理调配，而兴建水库必然产生水库移民，近年来，水库移民造成的库区和安置区水土流失问题越来越突出，要解决这一问题，必须做好移民安置规划，同时考虑移民安置过程中的环境问题。     

水库移民安置中水土资源优化配置与生态补偿

水库建设所产生的移民安置问题影响着工程进展、库区与移民安置区的稳定发展,在库区移民实物指标调查与多源数据集成应用基础上对水库移民安置中水土资源进行优化配置与生态补偿,促进库区和移民安置区可持续发展。采用现代信息技术对移民实物指标进行采集、处理与集成应用,建立面向水库移民安置的移民信息系统,为水库淹没影响范围的确定与移民安置实施提供辅助决策支持方法,对库区和移民安置区的水土资源与生态进行综合考虑,以此指导水土资源的优化配置和生态补偿。以陕西省引汉济渭调水工程三河口水库移民安置为应用实例,对采集的三河口水库移民实物指标进行统计分析,通过移民信息系统对实物指标进行空间展示,采用问卷调查确定移民安置方式和移民安置区,提出移民安置区水土资源优化配置与生态补偿措施。在水库移民安置过程中对水资源、土地资源和生态环境进行综合考虑有助于移民安置的科学有序进行,库区和移民安置区后期的稳定与可持续发展,在同类工程中具有一定的指导意义。     

三峡库区生态果园建设初探

三峡库区自然条件优越,果树资源丰富,是我国多种水果栽培的生态适宜区,特别是三峡工程建成蓄水后,库区小气候将得到明显改善,更适宜脐橙等果树的生长发育。据此,文章提出运用生态学原理,采取生物、农艺、工程等措施建设生态果园,以期既可以保护和改善库区生态环境,减少水土流失,又可以发展库区经济和解决移民安置问题。     

三峡库区移民安置 农业可持续发展的途径──高效生态农业建设

以位于库区中心的重庆万州五桥为主要研究对象，对三峡库区移民安置、农业可持续发展中存在的问题进行了分析，指出了库区发展高效生态农业的迫切性、现实性与可能性，并说明高效生态农业建设是实现移民安置、库区农业可持续发展的有效途径，必须建设稳定的种植业、一流的园艺业、发达的养殖业和加工业。     

龙滩水电站库区移民安置工程水土保持治理措施布局特点

以龙滩水电站贵州库区移民安置工程水土保持治理为例,总结治理措施布局特点,提出以水土流失防治为中心、以改善移民安置区生态环境和提高移民群众受惠度为着力点的"一个中心、两个着力点"的布局思路,以期为类似项目提供借鉴和参考。     

南水北调中线工程丹江口库区南阳市域移民环境容量研究

丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程的水源工程 ,库区移民中南阳市占 5 3.2 %。在对南阳市域移民环境容量整体分析的基础上 ,确定了拟安置区 ,并对拟安置区的环境容量进行了计算 ,并进而提出了扩大环境容量的措施。确定的拟安置区为邓州、唐河、社旗 3县市 ,设计水平年可安置 7.32× 10 4人 ,另有约 7.0 0× 10 4 人需要出市安置     

三峡库区移民安置区土地资源可持续利用限制因子分析

土地资源可持续利用是可持续发展战略的重要基础。重庆三峡库区土地资源可持续利用是维护库区生态环境,保证库区经济健康、高速发展的前提条件。库区移民安置区是整个库区经济最活跃、土地承载压力最大、生态最敏感的区域。本文在分析库区移民安置区土地利用特征、社会经济现状和生态环境条件的基础上,评价了该区域土地资源可持续利用的综合水平,系统阐述了土地资源可持续利用的限制因子和产生原因。安置区土地资源可持续利用的主要限制因子有社会经济发展水平和产业结构差距、土地资源利用优化配置水平、城镇化发展水平、资源环境问题、扶贫问题和剩余劳动力转移等6大因子。     

移民安置工程水土保持治理项目推行代建制的必要性分析

在我国,开发建设项目移民安置工程基本上都是交由地方政府组织实施,水土流失防治责任也相应转移给地方政府。但实际上,由于治理项目点多、面宽、分散,治理资金不足,技术局限等原因,导致移民安置区水土流失防治工作并未得到真正落实,水土流失问题仍然严重。实行代建制,选择有资质的专业项目管理单位代为治理,可以有效解决上述问题,值得推行。以龙滩水电站贵州库区移民安置工程为例,分析了水土保持治理项目推行代建制的必要性。     

三峡库区土地资源开发对水土流失的影响及其防治对策

该以秭归县为例，充分认识三峡工程的淹占情况及水土流失的现状，并就移民安置区土地资源开发对水土流失的影响，以及如何防止水土流失提出了防治对策。     

三峡库区奉节县欧营移民生态环境容量研究

三峡库区的生态环境问题是一个世界性的难题,库区的移民安置则是生态环境保护和生态环境建设的一个非常重要的调控途径。在对移民生态环境容量界定和特征分析的基础上,从资源环境和经济发展水平2个方面对奉节县欧营移民生态环境容量进行了综合分析和评价。研究结果表明,在当地资源环境条件和现有的产业模式下,1500人的移民数量是可以接受的。随着农业产业结构的调整和产业化经营水平的提高,该地区移民生态环境容量还可以略有提高。     

Physical Properties of the Soils of Sibay City of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific...     

食用仙人掌萎蔫气象条件分析

塑料大棚内种植的食用仙人掌在土壤墒情较好时也有萎蔫现象发生，通过试验观测和对仙人掌生理习性的分析，发现阴雨过后天气突然放晴温度急剧上升易使仙人掌发生萎蔫现象，并提出了田间管理的应对措施。     

Heterogeneity of Organic Matter of Aggregates of Protocalcic Chernozems

Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,...     

青海省耕地资源开发利用分析及对策研究

分析论述了青海省耕地资源开发利用的现状、特点和问题。在此基础上,提出了对青海省耕地资源进行研究的框架体系和思路,同时基于GIS/RS技术设计了相关的技术路线。最后依据所做设计对青海省耕地资源开发利用做了初步分析,并进行了相关的对策研究分析。     

Characterization of physical and chemical properties of Varzea soils of Goias State of Brazil

Abstract

Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados.     

Estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of agrophytocenoses soils of the subtropical zone of Russia

An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn periods.     

物联网安全及解决措施

物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。     

荔枝种子结构的扫描电镜观察

荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。     

Kinetics of Popping of Popcorn

The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements.