芪藿糖散的安全性试验研究

按照新兽药安全性研究指导原则,测定了芪藿糖散(AEP)的急性毒性、亚慢性毒性和对靶动物鸡的安全性。结果显示,芪藿糖散的最大给药量为18 000 mg·kg~(-1);各组小鼠在每次灌胃后会出现一过不适反应,在整个试验期间未出现其他不良反应和发病死亡现象,在给药前及停药后第1、14天各组小鼠体重无显著差异,在停药后第1、14天各组小鼠血液生理指标、血清生化指标均无显著差异,剖检和组织病理学检查未见明显的病理变化;各组鸡在整个试验观察期间的临床体征均正常,未出现任何不良反应和发病死亡现象,在给药前和停药后第1、7天各组鸡的体重均无显著差异,在停药后第1天各组鸡的血液生理指标和血清生化指标均在正常范围之内、剖检均未见明显的病理变化。结果表明,芪藿糖散无毒,没有明显的亚慢性毒性,临床用药安全。     

中药催乳保健散的毒性试验

试验研究了催乳保健散的毒性。结果表明：催乳保健散经口半数致死量未能测出；小鼠经口给药的最大耐受量为50g／kg，为临床用药的139倍；对大鼠进行了60d的亚急性毒性试验，对大鼠的增重、血常规、血清生化指标和主要脏器无不良影响。     

地黄提取物的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验研究

试验通过考察地黄提取物的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性,评价其安全性,为临床用药提供理论依据。急性毒性试验采用昆明种小鼠进行半数致死量（LD₅₀）和最大给药量（MTD）的测定。亚慢性毒性选取80只SD大鼠,分为低、中、高地黄提取物组和对照组,连续灌胃30 d,试验结束后进行血液常规和血液生化指标检测,处死后测定脏器系数,并做病理组织学观察。急性毒性试验结果显示,在试验期内未发现小鼠死亡,未测得LD₅₀,小鼠最大给药量为61.54 g/kg。亚慢性毒性结果显示,各给药组大鼠的体重、血液生化指标、脏器系数及内脏组织病理学观察与对照组均无显著差异（P>0.05）,未见与药物作用有关的病理变化。结果表明,在本试验条件下,根据世界卫生组织（WTO）有关外源性化学物急性毒性分级标准,地黄提取物属实际无毒物质,结合急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验结果,说明按临床剂量使用地黄提取物是安全无毒的。     

清肺颗粒的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验

通过小鼠急性毒性试验和大鼠亚慢性毒性试验对清肺颗粒进行安全性评价,为临床安全用药提供理论依据.给82只昆明小鼠灌胃给药进行半数致死量试验和最大给药量试验;将40只大鼠分为高、中、低剂量中药组和对照组进行灌胃给药,每天给药1次,连续给药35 d,灌胃结束后测定大鼠的一般情况、血液指标、生化指标、脏器系数和病理组织学变化....     

三黄连散的亚慢性毒性试验研究

探讨大鼠长期口服三黄连散的亚慢性毒性作用。将80只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、三黄连散低(2.5 g/kg·BW)、中(5.0 g/kg·BW)和高剂量组(10.0 g/kg·BW),每组20只,雌雄各半,采用混饲给药的方式连续给药30 d,每日观察临床表现,记录体重和饲料消耗量,停药后继续观察7 d。分别于给药后30 d和停药后7 d进行血液常规指标、血液生化指标和脏器解剖学、病理学检查。结果显示,给药期间和停药后,各试验组大鼠未出现中毒和死亡情况,临床症状、解剖学检查等均无异常变化,脏器指数、组织病理学检查结果均无异常;血液常规指标、血液生化指标结果表明该药物无毒副作用,仅见高剂量组大鼠的体重和饲料消耗量显著低于空白对照组(P0.05)。结果表明,三黄连散给大鼠连续饲喂30 d未见明显毒性反应。     

仔泻康口服液的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验研究

试验旨在通过小鼠急性毒性试验和大鼠亚慢性毒性试验对仔泻康口服液进行安全性评价,为临床安全用药提供理论依据。在急性毒性试验中,采用最大给药剂量对36只昆明小鼠进行灌胃给药。在亚慢性毒性试验中,将80只大鼠,随机均分成高、中、低剂量组和对照组,高、中、低剂量组分别按24、12和6 g/kg体重灌胃给药,对照组给予等体积生理盐水,连续给药30 d,停药后称量大鼠体重、检测血常规指标、血液生化指标、计算脏器指数并观察组织病理变化等。结果显示,在急性毒性试验中,各剂量组均无小鼠死亡,无法计算LD₅₀,最大耐受量试验也无死亡情况;在亚慢性毒性试验中,该口服液对大鼠生长发育没有影响;经剖检,仅高剂量组可见中央静脉远端的肝细胞有不同程度的肿大,但未见坏死和炎性反应,其他各剂量组的实质器官均未发现异常变化;各剂量组血液学指标、血液生化指标和脏器指数均在正常范围内,与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果表明,根据外源化学物急性毒性分级（WHO）标准,该制剂属于无毒物质,安全性较高,在合理剂量下,临床使用仔泻康口服液是安全的。     

芩黄清肺散的急性毒性和长期毒性研究

为探索芩黄清肺散（Qinhuang qingfei powder,QQP）的安全性,对其进行急性毒性试验和长期毒性试验。急性毒性试验中,小鼠灌服QQP水煎液（6.00 mg/g体重）1周,测定其半数致死量（LD₅₀）;长期毒性试验中,将96只SD大鼠随机分为高、中、低剂量组（QQP 32.00、16.00、8.00 mg/g体重,相当于临床拟用剂量的96、48和24倍）和对照组。每组24只,雌雄各半。QQP制成药化饲料,喂养30 d。每周记录大鼠的饮水量、耗料量、体重及精神活动等,在喂养第30天和恢复期（第45天）分别对大鼠进行血液学、血液生化、病理学方面的检查。结果表明,急性毒性试验小鼠LD₅₀>6.00 mg/g体重,实际无毒;长期毒性试验中,各剂量组大鼠饮水量、耗料量、体重、血液学指标、血液生化指标和脏器系数与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）。大鼠主要器官大体解剖和心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、睾丸/卵巢等脏器组织病理学检查未见任何病变。综合以上结果,芩黄清肺散临床用药具有安全性。     

强普生Ⅲ号毒性安全试验

采用动物毒性试验方法,对强普生Ⅲ号进行了毒性、安全性评价。结果显示:小鼠的急性毒性反应和死亡率与给药剂量成正比,强普生Ⅲ号的半数致死量(LD50)为44.20±2.96 mL/kg,LD50的95%可信限为47.26~41.35 mL/kg,表现为无急性毒性。亚慢性毒性试验,实验期间小鼠的临床表现、体质量变化、饲料消耗量、血常规检查、血清生化检查等各项指标,试验组与对照组均无显著差异,各组脏器剖检和病理学切片检查也均无病理学变化。吸入毒性试验,试验组鸡整体状况正常,72 h内无中毒反应和死亡,血清生化指标值均在正常范围内,与对照组无显著差异。     

金莲花饲用安全性评价

试验旨在探究金莲花饲用安全性,对金莲花进行急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验(细菌回复突变试验、哺乳动物红细胞微核试验、小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变)和亚慢性毒性试验。结果显示,昆明小鼠半数致死量(LD₅₀)大于10.0 g/kg·BW。遗传毒性试验结果未见金莲花对试验动物致突变作用。大鼠致畸试验结果显示,各剂量组孕鼠未出现中毒体征,未观察到大鼠的生殖毒性,未见致畸作用。亚慢性毒性试验未见大鼠出现中毒表现以及死亡发生,各剂量组大鼠的体重、增重、进食量、食物利用率、脏体比与阴性对照相比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。各组大鼠的血常规、血液生化、尿常规等指标均在正常范围内,心脏、肝脏、胰脏、肺、肾脏、脑、胃、睾丸和子宫等脏器的色泽、大小和形态结构均未见明显异常。研究表明,金莲花毒性小,饲用安全性较高。     

茎直黄芪中毒中药复方预防解毒散急性和亚慢性毒性试验

为评价茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散的安全性,进行了茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散对小鼠的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验研究。采用改良Karber法测得茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散对小鼠的口服急性毒性LD50为（176.91±22.70）g/kg,95%可信限为156.60-202.00 g/kg,属低毒;采用经口灌胃法对小鼠连续给药7 d,7 d后对小鼠各项生理指标的测定结果表明,茎直黄芪中药复方解毒散在使用剂量范围内对小鼠的行为、体质量、饮食状况、生理和生化指标均无不良影响。在亚慢性毒性试验中,给药7 d后各给药组小鼠肾脏脏器系数与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）;各种酶指标与对照组亦无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。由此可知,茎直黄芪中药复方预防解毒散毒性极低,使用安全。     

Study on Acute Toxicity and Sub-chronic Toxicity of the Extract of Rehmannia glutinosa

The purpose of this experiment was to study the acute toxicity and long-term sub-chronic toxicity of the extract of Rehmannia glutinosa in mice, evaluate the clinical safety of medication and provide theoretical basis for clinical application. Mice were chosen to measure the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) and maximal tolerance dose (MTD). In the sub-chronic toxicity test, 80 SD rats were divided into four groups:Low dose, middle dose, high dose test groups with the extract of Rehmannia glutinosa and control group with normal saline for 30 d. On the 31th day, the rats were killed and the blood routine index, biochemistry index and the organ coefficient were measured. The MTD was 61.54 g/kg, according to the judgmental standard of the acute toxicity, the extract of Rehmannia glutinosa was safe. The sub-chronic toxicity test results showed that there were no significant difference in body weight and blood chemistry indexes and organ coefficient among the four groups (P>0.05) and there were no pathological change because of the medication. The result indicated that the extract of Rehmannia glutinosa was no acute toxicity under the condition of this test according to acute toxicity classification standard of exogenous by WTO, and it was no sub-chronic toxicity too, which suggested the extract had a good clinical safety.     

乌锦颗粒剂的急性毒性与亚慢性毒性试验研究

本研究旨在评价乌锦颗粒剂的毒性,为临床安全用药提供理论依据。试验分别以昆明小鼠和Wistar大鼠为研究对象,进行急性毒性试验和亚慢性毒性试验研究。急性毒性试验结果显示,乌锦颗粒剂的半数致死量(LD₅₀)>40 g/kg体重,最大给药量为160 g/kg体重,相当于临床用药量的80倍;在亚慢性毒性试验中,动物一般情况正常,试验组Wistar大鼠增重和饲料消耗量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);与对照组相比,高剂量组中雌鼠血清胆红素(T-BIL)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CREA)及雄鼠CREA和肝脏指数均有显著差异(P<0.05),而其他指标与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);低剂量组和中剂量组Wistar大鼠血常规、血液生化指标和脏器指数与对照组相比差异均不显著(P>0.05);病理学检查发现高剂量组Wistar大鼠肝脏出现轻微颗粒变性,其他组Wistar大鼠组织结构清晰正常。结果表明,高剂量的乌锦颗粒剂能抑制肝脏对游离胆红素的摄入及蛋白质的合成;低剂量和中剂量乌锦颗粒剂此作用不明显。综合分析,乌锦颗粒剂临床用药是安全的。     

Study on Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity of Wu Jin Granules

In order to evaluate the toxicity of Wu Jin granules for the guidance of clinical treatment, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity were assessed in KM mice and Wistar rats, respectively.The results of acute toxicity test suggested that the LD₅₀ of Wu Jin granules was >40 g/(kg·BW), maximal tolerance dose was 160 g/(kg·BW), equivalent to 80 times of clinical dosage.In sub-chronic toxicity test, the growth and general behavior of the animals appeared normal.Compared with the control group, weight gain and feed consumption of Wistar rats in the treatment groups had no significant difference (P>0.05).In high dose group, serum bilirubin (T-BIL), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA) of female Wistar rats, whereas CREA levels and liver index of male Wistar rats were significant difference (P<0.05), and the differences in other indexes were not significant (P>0.05); Hematological indexes, biochemical indexes of blood and organ index of Wistar rats in low dose group and medium dose group were not significantly different compared to the control group (P>0.05).Pathological examination results showed that mild granular degeneration existed in liver of Wistar rats in high dose group, whereas appeared clear and normal organizational structure of liver in Wistar rats in other groups.Wu Jin granules could inhibit intake of free bilirubin and hepatic synthesis protein in high dosage, whereas this results were not observed in other groups.Thus, the Wu Jin granules were safe in clinical treatment.     

辣蓼黄酮提取物的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性研究

【目的】 明确辣蓼黄酮提取物的毒理作用,评价其安全性。【方法】 在急性毒性试验预试验中,选取20只健康SPF级昆明系小鼠,随机分为6组,对照组(0 g/kg BW)和辣蓼黄酮提取物1~5组(灌胃给予辣蓼黄酮提取物20、10、5、2.5和1.25 g/kg BW),连续观察7 d,记录小鼠中毒和死亡情况。在急性毒性试验的最大给药量试验中,对20只小鼠分3次在24 h内按照30 g/kg BW灌胃给药,观察其生理状态,中毒情况及有无死亡情况,于试验第8天剖检观察其脏器有无异常情况。在亚慢性毒性试验中,取80只健康SPF级SD大鼠,随机分为4组,对照组(0 g/kg BW)和辣蓼黄酮高、中、低剂量组(分别灌胃给予辣蓼黄酮提取物20、10和5 g/kg BW),每组20只大鼠(雌、雄各半),喂养30 d,记录其体重、摄食量和饮水量。停药第7天,采血进行血常规和血液生化指标检查,计算其脏器指数,并进行组织病理学检查。【结果】 急性毒性试验各剂量组小鼠均未出现死亡情况,无法得出辣蓼黄酮提取物的半数致死量(LD₅₀),小鼠对辣蓼黄酮提取物的最大耐受量为30 g/kg BW,说明辣蓼黄酮提取物安全无急性毒性。亚慢性毒性试验中,各给药组大鼠体重、饮水量、采食量及脏器系数与对照组虽有差异,但在正常范围内。给药30 d血常规指标中,与对照组相比,高剂量组大鼠白细胞及淋巴细胞显著下降(P<0.05),中性粒细胞显著上升(P<0.05);中剂量组大鼠白细胞显著或极显著下降(P<0.05;P<0.01);其余各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。血液生化指标中,与对照组相比,高剂量组大鼠甘油三酯(TG)水平显著上升(P<0.05),尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(CREA)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平显著下降(P<0.05);中剂量组大鼠BUN水平显著下降(P<0.05),CREA水平显著上升(P<0.05),低剂量组大鼠谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、TG水平显著上升(P<0.05),BUN水平显著下降(P<0.05),其余各组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。剖检和病理学检查未见明显异常变化,说明辣蓼黄酮提取物安全无亚慢性毒性。【结论】 5 g/kg BW及以下的辣蓼黄酮提取物无毒副作用,安全性好。     

蟾酥微丸的急性与亚慢性毒性研究

试验旨在观察蟾酥微丸对小鼠急性毒性和大鼠长期毒性作用,评价其安全性,为临床用药提供理论依据。急性毒性试验选取昆明小鼠,2次灌服蟾酥微丸,测定蟾酥微丸的急性毒性。亚慢性毒性试验选取120只SD大鼠,平均分为低、中、高蟾酥微丸药物组和空白组（给予等体积的蒸馏水）,灌胃给药,分别在连续给药28 d后和停药2周后称重,随机选取每组20只大鼠（停药后余下10只）心脏采血处死,检测血液学、血液生化指标并做病理组织学检查。急性毒性试验用药死亡时间集中在1~4 h,经计算LD₅₀为13.21 g/kg。亚慢性毒性试验中,连续给药28 d后,高、中剂量组雄性大鼠的体重与空白组差异极显著（P＜0.01）;高剂量组的谷草转氨酶与碱性磷酸酶与空白组相比差异极显著（P＜0.01）;高、中剂量组的肾脏系数与空白组相比差异极显著（P＜0.01）。经过2周停药恢复,高剂量组的生化指标恢复不佳,而中、低剂量组则恢复良好。病理学检查结果表明,高、中剂量组大鼠的肝脏、肾脏出现肿胀淤血,高剂量大鼠的肝脏表面有水泡样病灶。结果表明,蟾酥微丸的急性毒性较小,安全性较高;大剂量长期使用可导致肝脏、肾脏损伤,故临床应用要注意剂量和疗程。     

清瘟败毒颗粒的急性和亚慢性毒性试验研究

在急性毒性试验中,给予试验组小鼠不同浓度的清瘟败毒颗粒水溶液,测定清瘟败毒颗粒的半数致死量和最大耐受量;在亚慢性毒性试验中,试验组大鼠以88,44,22g／（kg·d）的剂量连续经口给药42d,并另设灌服生理盐水对照组,在给药后观察大鼠的生长发育、血液学和血液生化、脏器病理学变化。结果显示,急性毒性试验没能测出清瘟败毒颗粒的半数致死量;小鼠经口灌服受试药物的最大耐受量高于132g／（kg·d）;在亚慢性毒性试验期间,各给药组大鼠体重、血液学指标、血液生化指标与对照组比较均无显著性差异。急性毒性试验表明清瘟败毒颗粒无急性毒性;亚慢性毒性试验表明连续口服给药较安全。     

Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Study of Chansu Pellets

The aim of the experiment was to observe the acute toxicity and the long-term toxicity of Chansu pellets in mice, and to evaluate its safety and provide the theoretical basis for clinical use. Kunming mice were selected for acute toxicity test. The acute toxicity of Chansu pellets was determined by oral administration to mice twice. In the sub-chronic toxicity test, 120 SD rats were divided into low, middle and high dose groups and the control group (the same volume of distilled water) intragastric administration. Respectively, after 28 d of continuous administration and 2 weeks after drug withdrawal, the rats were weighed, and 20 rats (10 mice remaining after cessation of administration) in each group were sacrificed at random. The hematological and biochemical parameters were measured and the histopathological examination was performed. In the acute toxicity, time of death concentrated in 1 to 4 h. LD₅₀ was 13.21 g/kg. In the sub-chronic, after 28 d of continuous dosing, the body weights of male rats of high dose group and the control group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase of high dose group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01) compared with control group. Kidneys coefficients of high and middle dose groups compared with control group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01). After two weeks the withdrawal recovery, biochemical indicators of high dose group's recovery was not good. Middle and low dose groups had good recovery. Pathological examination showed that high and middle dose groups' rat liver and kidney swelling congestion. High dose rat liver surface were blister-like lesions. The results showed that Chansu pellets were less acute toxicity. Long-term use of large doses could cause liver and kidney damage. Therefore, we should pay attention to dose and duration of treatment in clinical application.