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花生根系分泌物自毒作用研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用连续收集法提取花生植株的根系分泌物,就其对花生种子发芽、幼苗生长、细胞膜的过氧化、抗氧化酶系统的影响等进行了研究,旨在探讨花生是否存在自毒作用。结果表明,花生根系分泌物的中性、酸性和碱性组分显著抑制了胚根的生长(P0.01),随添加浓度的增加抑制作用逐渐增强,其中,中性组分的抑制作用最强。经过20d的处理,3种组分对花生幼苗的生长均表现出显著的化感抑制作用(P0.05),作用规律与对胚根的抑制作用相似,在中性组分最高添加浓度30 mg/L处理下,株高、地上部鲜重、根系鲜重分别为对照的80%、73%和66%。叶片中SOD和POD的活性显著提高(P0.01),MDA的含量也显著增加(P0.001)。3种组分中中性组分的化感促进作用最强,其次是酸性组分,碱性组分的作用相对最弱。研究结果证明了花生根系分泌物自毒作用的存在,是导致花生连作障碍的原因之一。 相似文献
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大豆与玉米、小麦、高粱根系分泌物的比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为研究大豆根系分泌物在大豆连作障碍中的作用,以二氯甲烷作为溶剂,提取培养28 d的大豆,小麦,玉米,高粱的根系分泌物,运用气质连用仪分离鉴定,找出大豆与其它3种作物根系分泌物的差异.结果表明:用该法鉴定出大豆根系分泌物成分77种,小麦97种,玉米84种,高粱80种.4种作物均鉴定出烷烃、醇、酸、酯、苯、酚、萘、酰胺、酮、醛类以及其他类化合物.将4种作物的根系分泌物进行比较,相同成分有丙三醇、2,4-戊二醇、邻苯二甲酸、乙苯、对二甲苯、苯乙烯、4-甲基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚、甲基酚和一部分烷烃等.二苯呋喃,芴,3-甲基-4-氧-戊酸,2-亚甲基-丁醛,3-羟摹-丁醛,己醛,9,10-二氢-11,12-乙酰-9,10-桥亚乙基总等是大豆根系分泌物中独有成分,其在大豆生长过程中的化感作用有待进一步研究. 相似文献
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为探究韭菜根系分泌物对苦瓜枯萎病菌的化感作用,本研究以‘山东雪韭6号’韭菜和苦瓜枯萎病菌为试验材料,水培法收集韭菜根系分泌物,采用菌丝生长速率和孢子萌发法研究韭菜根系分泌物对苦瓜枯萎病菌的化感作用;利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定根系分泌物组成成分,筛选可能的主效化感物质,进一步通过体外抑菌试验验证其化感作用,明确主效化感物质。结果表明,随着韭菜根系分泌物浓度的升高,苦瓜枯萎病菌的菌落直径和孢子萌发数均呈先降后升的趋势,当分泌物浓度为3.22 mg/mL时,抑制作用最大,满足化感作用低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的特性。通过GC-MS鉴定出韭菜根系分泌物中的主要成分为酚类、酯类、烷烃类、醇类、烯类、芳香类,可能的化感物质为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、2,2°-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)。通过体外抑菌试验证实这3种物质对苦瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发都有不同程度的化感抑制作用,且抑菌效果为2,4-二叔丁基苯酚>邻苯二甲酸二丁酯>2,2°-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),明确其为化感物质。由此可知,韭菜根系分泌的主效化感物质对苦瓜枯萎病菌有显著的化感抑制作用,这为苦瓜间套轮作韭菜防控苦瓜枯萎病和研制植物源抑菌剂提供了理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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玉米根系分泌物缓解连作花生土壤酚酸类物质的 化感抑制作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探讨玉米//花生间作系统中玉米根系分泌物对连作花生土壤中酚酸类物质化感作用的影响机制,采用二氯甲烷提取了玉米抽雄期根系分泌物,添加到含有不同浓度的连作花生根系分泌物中主要的三种酚酸类物质(肉桂酸、邻苯二甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸)混合物的土壤中,研究了土壤微生态环境变化情况。结果表明,酚酸类物质对土壤微生物量、微生物活性、酶活性及养分含量均存在化感抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制作用越强(P<0.05)。整个培养时期,添加玉米根系分泌物均增加了酚酸类物质处理土壤呼吸强度、酶活性、微生物量及养分含量,以低浓度处理增幅较大,分别平均增加7.58%、6.73%、7.72%和4.90%;降低了酚酸类物质对土壤各指标的化感指数,其中低浓度酚酸类物质处理土壤微生物量碳氮、微生物活性、酶活性和养分含量的化感指数分别降低21.57%、21.19%、 26.32%和20.95%。3次取样,酚酸类物质的化感作用呈先增强后降低的趋势,各处理在第10d达到最强;而玉米根系分泌物对酚酸类物质化感作用的影响以处理第5d最强,随后呈减弱趋势。玉米根系分泌物可在一定程度上缓解酚酸类物质对土壤微生态环境的化感作用,为玉米//花生间作缓解花生连作障碍技术提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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本研究通过对木薯根系分泌物进行提取、分离与鉴定,探究不同木薯品种根系分泌物的差异,为筛选抗化感耐连作木薯新种质提供参考。以木薯组培苗琼脂培养基为试验材料,采用正交试验设计,结合GC-MS技术考察不同萃取材料和洗脱剂对木薯根系分泌物的提取和分离效果,选择最优方案测定‘新选048’‘南植199’和‘华南205’的根系分泌物。结果表明:(1)木薯根系分泌物水溶性物质提取的最优方案为:用去离子水超声提取捣碎的琼脂培养基30 min,固液分离后用XAD-2萃取、无水乙醇洗脱,浓缩后用GC-MS检测,成功鉴定出包括有机酸类、醇类、酯类、酮类、醛类等26种有机化合物。(2)醇溶性物质提取的最优方案为:用50%乙醇超声提取捣碎的琼脂培养基30 min,固液分离后用XAD-4萃取、无水乙醇洗脱,浓缩后用GC-MS检测,鉴定出包括有机酸类、醚类、酯类、酮类、醛类等15种有机化合物。(3)不同品种根系分泌物的水溶性和醇溶性成分均有差异。‘南植199’根系分泌物的主要水溶性物质有羟乙酸甲酯(相对含量为3.72%)、羟基丙酮(2.40%)、甲肼(1.79%)等,主要醇溶性物质有乙醇醛(18.89%)、羟基丙酮(2.47%)、甲酸(2.25%)等;‘新选048’的主要水溶性物质有甲酸(2.68%)、1,5-戊二醇(2.39%)、丙烯酸羟乙酯(2.01%)等,主要醇溶性物质有乙醇醛(17.00%)、甲酸(2.62%)、羟基丙酮(2.46%)等;‘华南205’的主要水溶性物质有甲酸(2.23%)、羟基丙酮(1.80%)、羟乙酸甲酯(1.43%)等,主要醇溶性物质有乙醇醛(16.58%)、甲酸(3.06%)、八氟戊醇(2.98%)等。不同木薯品种的根系分泌物种类和含量均有差异,从而导致其抗化感耐连作能力的差异,为筛选耐连作品种缓解木薯连作障碍成为可能。 相似文献
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以品种金黄麻为试验材料,利用高通量测序技术,研究在氮肥用量105 kg·hm-2基础上(RSN4),氮肥减施25%、50%、75%和100%(分别记为RSN3,RSN2,RSN1和RSN0)的条件下,健康与感青枯病两种生长状态对连作芝麻产量和根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响规律,以期为芝麻合理施肥和稳产提供依据。结果表明:氮肥用量减少25%(RSN3)的芝麻产量较RSN4处理未出现明显下降。RSN2的α多样性指标Obs、Shannon和Chao1较RSN4分别高11.53%、3.39%、12.71%,而来自健康株的Shannon指数比感病株高1.61%,且氮肥减施和生长状态处理的交互作用对Shannon指数有显著影响;RSN1处理放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度较RSN3增加了39.70%,而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)则下降了30.60%;来自健康植株根际土壤的酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)相对丰度较来自患病株的分别高32.42%、155.26%、38.54%,而Firmicutes较感病株下降了47.47%;RSN3的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和马赛菌属(Massilia)相对丰度较RSN2的分别增加119.10%和87.18%,且RSN3的类芽胞杆菌属(Paenibacillus)相对丰度较RSN0、RSN1、RSN2显著增加59.29%~193.42%。来自健康株根际土壤细菌中的假丝酵母(Candidatus_Solibacter)和unidentified_Nostocales的相对丰度较患病株高43.68%和235.90%,而来自感病株根际土壤细菌中4种菌属(Bacillus、Massilia、Ramlibacter、Paenibacillus)的相对丰度较健康株的显著增加64.63%~106.67%;来自健康株根际土壤细菌功能碳水化合物代谢的相对丰度较来自患病株增加0.94%,而来自健康株根际土壤细菌功能膜运输的相对丰度较来自感病株的降低了2.37%;RSN3处理的根际土壤细菌功能辅助因子和维生素的代谢和核苷酸代谢的相对丰度较RSN0处理分别增加1.78%和3.63%(P < 0.05),而翻译、脂质代谢、折叠、分类和降级的相对丰度分别下降了4.58%、4.52%、7.74%(P < 0.05)。三个主要环境因子pH、速效钾、有效锌对细菌群落变化的贡献分别为3.91%、5.93%、6.94%。总之,适当减氮(减少25%)对连作芝麻产量影响较小,同时能够改善根际土壤细菌群落结构和功能,有利于红壤旱地连作芝麻健康生长。 相似文献
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连作严重影响花生叶片生长发育,导致花生产量下降和品质降低。为探明摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis
mosseae)对连作花生叶片生长发育的影响,以大花生品种花育22为试料,采用盆栽试验,研究接种F. mosseae 对连作
花生叶片叶绿素荧光参数、光合作用相关酶活性、抗氧化物酶活性、矿物质元素含量以及叶片干重的影响。结果表
明,与未接种相比,接种F. mosseae 显著增加连作花生叶片叶绿素含量,提高高温强光逆境环境中连作花生叶片原
初反应最大量子效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSП)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)和表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)的
值;同时,接种F. mosseae 的连作花生叶片中核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(Rubisco)活性在花针期和饱果
期分别增加了26.52%和32.73%,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性、抗坏血酸(AsA)和脯氨酸(Proline)含量也显著
提高;另外,接种F. mosseae 显著促进连作花生叶片对氮、磷、钾和钙的吸收,增加了叶片干物质积累。因此,F. moss⁃
eae 能够促进连作花生叶片生长发育,缓解连作障碍对花生地上部分生长的影响。 相似文献
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垄体垄沟带状深松技术对重茬大豆根腐病及大豆生育的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
台莲梅 《中国油料作物学报》2001,23(3):46-48,51
1995-1997年在大豆重茬条件下,进行了垄体垄沟带状深松技术对大豆根腐病及大豆生育影响的研究。结果表明,带状垄体垄沟深松技术能减轻大豆根腐病的发生,并且使大豆株高、茎粗、根数明显增加,干物质积累量增加。 相似文献
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Organic producers rank weeds as the most important pests that limit their crop production. In order to optimize the use of propane flaming as a weed control tool, the objective of this study was to test tolerance of selected weed species to broadcast flaming performed at different growth stages. Six annual species, including one grass [barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)] and five broadleaves [field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), kochia (Kochia scoparia), ivyleaf morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum)] were flamed at three growth stages with six doses of propane. The propane doses applied were 0, 12, 31, 50, 68 and 87 kg/ha. Flaming treatments were applied utilizing a custom built flamer mounted on a four-wheeler moving at a constant speed of 6.4 km/h. Species response to propane were described by log-logistic models based on visual injury ratings and dry matter (DM) for each weed species. Overall response to flaming varied among species, growth stage and propane dose. Broadleaf weeds were more susceptible to flaming than the grass regardless of the growth stage. A dose of 76 kg/ha of propane was needed to obtain 90% DM reduction for 7-leaf (L) barnyardgrass compared to much lower doses of 40, 49, 55, 56 and 51 kg/ha propane for 8-L bindweed, 6-L kochia, 10-L morning glory, 7-L velvetleaf and 5-L Venice mallow, respectively. Moreover, the tolerance of both grassy and broadleaf weed species to broadcast flaming increased with increase in plant size. A 90% DM reduction in velvetleaf was obtained with 42, 56 and 102 kg/ha of propane for 5-L, 7-L and 16-L stages, respectively. The tested broadleaf weed species were effectively controlled (90% DM reduction) with propane dose of 30–60 kg/ha when flamed at early growth stages (3-L to 14-L), while the same dose of propane provided only 80% DM reduction in barnyardgrass when flamed at vegetative stages (4-L to 7-L). It was not possible to obtain 90% DM reduction in barnyardgrass when flamed at flowering stage with the propane doses tested in this experiment. 相似文献
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Eight perennial ryegrass cultivars (representing the variations in ploidy, heading date and water‐soluble carbohydrates concentration) were investigated for morphology and nutritive value at three phenological stages: pre‐heading vegetative, reproductive and post‐flowering vegetative stages. Chemical compositions and digestibility of morphological components (lamina, pseudostem and reproductive stem) from each perennial ryegrass cultivar were analysed in a split‐plot design. At the vegetative stages, perennial ryegrass cultivars differed significantly in the proportions of lamina and pseudostem. Tetraploid cultivars, Base and Bealey, always had the greatest lamina proportion (51.8% and 53.2% at the pre‐heading and post‐flowering vegetative stages respectively). At the reproductive stage, the emergence of seed heads diminished the differences in morphology among cultivars. Perennial ryegrass cultivars also had distinct nutritive value throughout three phenological stages. The high‐sugar cultivar, AberMagic, had high WSC concentrations (276, 227 and 90 g/kg DM at the pre‐heading vegetative, reproductive and post‐flowering vegetative stages respectively); the intermediate‐heading cultivars, Kamo and Commando, generally had a lower organic matter digestibility in dry matter than the late‐heading cultivars at the pre‐heading vegetative (70.7% vs. 74.4%) and reproductive stage (63.9% vs. 68.2%). However, although the morphological components were different in nutritive value consistently, the differences in morphology did not account for the variation in nutritive value among perennial ryegrass cultivars. 相似文献
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掌握温度对长雄野生稻(Oryza longistaminata)及其后代化感作用的影响,对开发利用野生种质资源的化感抗草基因具有重要意义。采用直接树脂吸收法收集不同叶龄长雄野生稻及其后代在各温度条件下的根系分泌物,并以稗草作为受体,测定其化感作用。结果表明:1)温度、叶龄和温度×叶龄对水稻化感作用的影响与其自身化感潜力正相关,且对强化感和中化感潜力水稻(OL、F1、RL159和RL169)的化感作用影响极显著,而对弱化感水稻(RD23和RL219)的化感作用影响不显著。2)供试条件下长雄野生稻及其后代根系分泌物对稗草的化感作用均为抑制作用,其中,低温不利于水稻化感潜力的发挥。15℃时,强和中化感潜力水稻在不同叶龄对稗草的苗高、根长和生物量的抑制作用最弱,化感综合效应指数也显著大于同等叶龄的高温处理。3)高温有利于水稻化感潜力的发挥,但并非总是随温度的升高而增强。在6叶期和8叶期,水稻材料OL、F1、RL159和RL169随温度的升高化感作用逐渐增强,但在2叶期和4叶期则表现为先增强后减弱,在25℃时对稗草化感作用最强。4)在15℃时,强和中等化感潜力水稻在2叶期化感作用最弱,而在其他温度条件下,其化感作用随叶龄的增加表现为先减弱后增强,在2叶期化感作用最强。研究结果显示,温度对不同叶龄的水稻化感作用具有调控作用,幼苗阶段高温有利于强和中化感潜力水稻化感作用的发挥。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis study identified timing (1st, 3rd, or 5th leaf stage) and duration (1, 3, 6, or 10 days) of waterlogging treatment during the vegetative stage that had the most severe effect on yield and elucidated yield determining process. Yield was reduced the most by the waterlogging treatments at the 3rd leaf stage. Among stages, yield was significantly depressed, when the treatment duration was longer than 6 days. Seed weight of the 1st branches declined more under waterlogging treatments than did that of main stem and 2nd branches, accounting for approximately 55% of total seed weight in all treatments. On the other hand, the decline in node and branch numbers was more pronounced for 2nd branches than 1st branches at the ripening stage. The development of the 2nd branches during ripening did not contribute much to increase sink capacity. Development of the main stem and the 1st branches was almost complete until the full flowering stage and shoot dry weight did not increase from the full flowering stage to the ripening stage. Shoot dry weight at the full flowering stage was determined by both leaf number and net assimilation rate (NAR). Flower cluster number at that stage was significantly correlated with total seed weight. These results showed that the critical timing was at the 3rd leaf stage and the critical duration was longer than 6 days and indicated that maintenance of leaf number and NAR and development of flowers on the 1st branches until the full flowering stage would ensure the yield.Abbreviations: NAR - net assimilation rate, SLA - specific leaf area, gs - stomatal conductance. 相似文献
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灌浆结实期不同时段温度对水稻结实与稻米品质的影响 总被引:31,自引:4,他引:31
利用人工气候箱在水稻灌浆结实期不同时段进行温度试验,研究温度对水稻结实与稻米品质的影响。结果表明,灌浆结实期40℃高温处理后籽粒结实率显著降低,粒重下降,外观品质和食味品质变差。不同水稻品种对灌浆结实期温度的响应表现不一致。在试验条件下,华粳1号开花受精的敏感温度为35℃,而特优559开花、灌浆结实的最适温度为30℃,该温度处理结实率、粒重较高,外观品质以及食味品质较优。此外,灌浆结实期不同时段的高温对水稻结实与稻米品质的影响也存在显著差异:结实率对高温最敏感的时期是开花后1~5 d,粒重对高温最敏感的时期是开花后11~20 d;而温度对稻米品质影响最大的时期主要在花后16~20 d,25 d后温度处理影响较小。因此,灌浆前期适宜的温度条件对水稻优质栽培意义重大。 相似文献