猪荞麦中毒的诊断

<正>荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)为蓼科荞麦属的植物,在我国各地都有栽种,野生的多生长在荒地及路旁。以荞麦幼苗、秸秆、种子作猪饲料时,长期饲喂,可使猪发生一种以皮炎或红色斑疹为特征的中毒病变,尤以白色皮肤的猪多发。1病因荞麦各部分都含有光能效应物质——荞麦素。在一定条件下,均能引起中毒,特别是开花期间收割的或未成熟的荞麦秸秆被猪食后,荞麦素经血液进入皮肤无色素部位,当荞麦素     

中西医结合治疗牛马铃薯中毒

<正>牛马铃薯中毒是牛吃了大量的马铃薯绿皮、幼芽及其茎叶而引起的中毒。1病因马铃薯的嫩绿茎叶、外皮及胚芽里含有毒生物碱——龙葵素(马铃薯素),特别是当马铃薯发芽、变质、腐烂时,龙葵素增加,牛若食用极易引起中     

鱼类中毒及其防治

<正> 据英国《皇家海军医药处杂志》报道,英国已发生肉素鱼类中毒事件,这是人们食用了有毒的鱼肉后引起的。现已知有400多种鱼类,主要是食肉性鱼类被认为含有肉素鱼类中毒。肉素鱼类中毒的患者在几小时内会得病,毒害神经效应可持续达3个月,而且吃了其他无毒鱼类也会使旧病复发。这种疾病特别难于处理,在处理前要严格区分是否由于其他     

河豚鱼的毒性及其加工利用探讨

本文从进一步利用我国现有资源的前提出发,就河豚鱼的种类、分布、毒性、河豚毒素在鱼体内积聚的原因,毒素的药理作用、中毒症状、毒素在鱼体内和随季节变化的分布情况,以及毒素提取的方法、定量等作了综述。并就河豚鱼中毒素的去除、解毒、综合利用的途径及加工的方法作了介绍和探讨。     

池水有害藻类的防治

蓝藻中的铜绿微囊藻和水花微囊藻,藻体死后,分解产生有毒的羟胺和硫化氢,使鱼类中毒而死,每一升水中含50万个群体时,就能使鱼类致死。在水温为28—30℃,pH值8—9.5的水中,这两种蓝藻繁殖最快,水呈翠绿色。多甲藻和裸甲藻,它们死后产生有毒的甲藻素,使鱼类中毒死亡。多甲藻大量繁殖时,水呈红棕色。     

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的增殖和抑制

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌(Listeria Monocytogenes)引起的突发性中毒症是一种很特殊的食物中毒病症。阐述了单增李斯特菌的生长特性,包括营养需求、流行病学和溶血素O的一些研究,同时综述了影响李斯特菌增殖的因素,并介绍了一些对食品中单增李斯特菌的抑制方法。     

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌的增殖和抑制

单核细胞增生性李斯特菌（Listeria Monocytogenes）引起的突发性中毒症是一种很特殊的食物中毒病症。阐述了单增李斯特菌的生长特性，包括营养需求、流行病学和溶血素O的一些研究，同时综述了影响李斯特菌增殖的因素，并介绍了一些对食品中单增李斯特菌的抑制方法。     

防控猪场霉菌毒素中毒的关键技术

霉菌毒素是真菌代谢的产物,青霉菌、曲霉菌以及镰刀菌是最为常见的霉菌毒素。这些毒素通常于农作物生长和收获期间生长,也有部分毒素生长在作物加工后的阶段。在生猪养殖的过程中,由霉菌素引起猪的死亡较为常见,对养猪业健康发展带来极为不利的影响,给养殖户造成了巨大的经济损失。主要论述猪场霉菌毒素中毒的关键防控技术。     

养牛生产中常见中毒病及防控措施

中毒病是养牛生产过程中的常见病，由短时间内过多摄入了某种毒素而引发，不同的中毒病临床表现不同，治疗时所用的方法和药物也不尽相同。以发病率较高的霉菌毒素中毒、酸中毒、药物中毒、食盐中毒和酒糟中毒为例详述了中毒原因、发病机理、临床危害及防控措施，以期为广大养牛朋友带来帮助。     

鸡常见的中毒性疾病及防治

<正>鸡的中毒性疾病比较常见的有食盐中毒、药品中毒和变质饲料中毒等,因此,了解鸡的常见中毒的病因、症状及其防治方法,将有助于养殖场户在饲养管理过程中预防中毒的发生或减少中毒所造成的一切损失。1食盐中毒鸡食盐中毒最常见的原因是配料所用的鱼粉含盐量过高,此外,鸡群因食盐缺乏而发生啄癖时,饮用食盐水浓度过大     

Poisoning in swine

For clinical interests it is advisable to subdivide cases of swine poisoning in such as caused by food, drugs and environmental poisonings. This division gives pointers to aetiologic connections and special measures necessary for the clearing of the processes. With food poisoning mycotoxicoses play an evermore important role, whereas poisonings by trace elements are on the decrease. Sodium chloride poisoning often results primarily from insufficient water supply. With environmental poisonings carbon monoxide and cyanamide intoxication are presented. Poisonings caused by drugs are mainly the result of an overdose, of segregation in food or of non-licensed drugs. A relatively unknown swine poisoning by a drug against coccidiosis--licensed for poultry--is described.     

铜铸熟若蟹中麻痹性毒素成分的分离和鉴定

在分析了日本珊瑚扇蟹铜铸熟若蟹甲壳组织和内脏组织中毒性含量的基础上,对毒素提取液进行分离纯化,并通过液相色谱法对其毒素种类进行分析。毒性分析结果显示,毒蟹个体的含毒量在37 500~116 000 MU范围,远远超过成人中毒致死量(5 000 MU),但个体间的毒含量有较大差异;毒蟹个体的甲壳组织的比毒性(909~1 610 MU/g)总体高于内脏组织(111~576 MU/g)。Bio-Gel-P₂凝胶柱层析纯化结果显示,粗毒素提取液通过反复纯化可以达到纯化目的,毒素的比毒性从4.8 MU/mg上升到30 MU/mg左右;毒素进一步通过Bio-Rex 70离子交换柱层析的分离纯化结果显示,毒素中约有9%为膝沟藻毒素群(GTXs,麻痹性毒素中的一类)。高效液相色谱分析结果显示,膝沟藻毒素群的主要成分为GTX3和GTX2,并含有少量的dcGTX2和dcGTX3。     

河水氨污染急性死鱼模拟试验

为了查明河水中氨污染对常见淡水鱼类危害程度,设计本项模拟试验。经测定：水中氨氮含量＞ ４ ｍ ｇ／Ｌ时,淡水鱼就会出现急性中毒现象。不同种类、大小的淡水鱼对氨氮的忍耐度不同,呈一定规律。中毒症状主要表现为鳃部呼吸、血液循环障碍及体表应激反应     

贝类毒素固相吸附示踪监测技术研究进展

固相吸附毒素示踪监测技术(Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking,SPATT)是一项新的贝类毒素监测技术。该技术模拟滤食性贝类摄食过程,利用内含吸附剂的采样器富集水体中的贝类毒素,结合高效液相色谱-质谱检测技术或酶联免疫检测技术,可以对产毒藻类的暴发以及贝类毒素污染进行示踪研究。SPATT 监测技术与贝类监测法、浮游藻类监测法相比,具有取样操作简单、检测成本低等优点,已成为贝类毒素污染监测技术研究的热点。本综述针对 SPATT 技术的研究进展及应用进行阐述,对技术适用监测的毒素种类、吸附材料的优劣等进行分析。     

肉鸭急性硒中毒试验

对14日龄肉鸭硒中毒时的病理组织学变化进行了研究。结果表明:随着服硒量的增加,中毒症状逐渐加剧。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组肉鸭于服硒1d后出现中毒症状,Ⅳ组于服硒后1h便出现明显的中毒症状,并于9d内全部死亡。其主要临床症状为:呼吸困难,运动失调,食欲下降或废绝,精神沉郁,消瘦,头肿大,离群闭目呆立,口、鼻流出砖红色液体,排绿色或白色稀粪。其剖检病理变化为:消化道出血,肝脏肿大、坏死并伴有出血(充血),肺水(气)肿和淤血,肾有弥漫性出血点,脾白髓淋巴细胞萎缩变性、数量减少,网状细胞增生、肿大。光学显微镜下观察:肝、心、肾、脾等实质细胞变性、坏死及组织内充血、出血,肝细胞肿胀并出现局部核溶解,肾小球肿大并颗粒变性,肺泡出血。     

The effects of microcystins on the serum biochemistry of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., when the toxins are administered by gavage, immersion and intraperitoneal routes

Microcystins were administered to carp, Cyprinus carpio L., by intraperitoneal injection. Tests performed on the serum indicated liver and gill damage, and disturbances in hepatic and osmoregulatory functions. Exposure of carp to microcystins by gavage and inrimersion caused changes indicating mild liver damage and changes in the equilibrium of cationanion balance in some treatments. The results of gavage and immersion exposure indicate that acute roxicity is unlikely to occur in wild carp populations, but chronic poisoning may follow repeated sublethal exposure. A serum biochemical profile comprising alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, bile acids, bilirubin, sodium and chloride determinations may provide a useful diagnostic indication of microcystin poisoning in wild carp populations.     

Ciguatoxin in moray eels raising the risk for seafood safety in Viet Nam

Fisheries Science - Recently, suspected ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) cases caused by the consumption of moray eels, popular seafood for locals and tourists, have been reported in Viet Nam....     

Exposure to domoic acid causes oxidative stress in bay scallops Argopecten irradians

Fisheries Science - The neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) is produced by Pseudo-nitzschia spp. during harmful algal blooms and is linked to amnesic shellfish poisoning. This toxin is particularly...     

Frequent occurrence of the tetrodotoxin-bearing horseshoe crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda</Emphasis> in Vietnam

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was detected by HPLC and LC-MS/MS in specimens of the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda collected from Tan Hai village, Vung Tau province, Vietnam, where cases of poisoning due to the consumption of horseshoe crab have frequently been reported. The soft tissue from 10 out of the 12 specimens analyzed showed considerable levels of TTX, making them unsafe for human consumption (81.2 ± 50.3 MU/g). Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins were also detected in all of the specimens, but the levels were low. These findings show that the frequency of occurrence of C. rotundicauda specimens with a high level of TTX is significantly high, and that the TTX is responsible for the food poisonings caused by the consumption of C. rotundicauda in this area.     

Simultaneous Determination of Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines in Tuna and Mahi-Mahi by Reversed-Phase Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Tuna and mahi-mahi are two major fish species responsible for histamine poisoning. This research developed a rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method to determine amino acids, histamine, and other biogenic amines that can act as co-indicators of histamine poisoning in tuna and mahi-mahi. The modified UHPLC method could simultaneously determine four biogenic amines and 10 major free amino acids in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) within 17.5 min. This UHPLC method showed good linear response, sensitivity, resolution, recovery, repeatability, and number of theoretical plates. The concentrations of detected amino acids, biogenic amines in mahi-mahi and tuna, and their relationships with fish spoilage grade were determined by this UHPLC method. The developed UHPLC method is a rapid and accurate way to monitor quality changes of mahi-mahi and tuna by inspecting the changes of amino acids and biogenic amines.