杂交晚稻协优914的选育与

采用恢复系ｔ９１４与协青早Ａ配组而成的协优９１４，是一个高产、稳产、抗性较强、米质优的杂交晚稻新组合，具有较好的应用前景。     

籼粳交恢复系T914的选育及利用

用广亲和籼粳交恢复系 Ｔ９８６ 与 Ｔ２８（密阳 ４６ 系选）杂交选育而成的籼粳交恢复系 Ｔ９１４,具有恢复度高、杂种优势强、抗病性好、米质优、花粉量足等特点,是一个对籼型不育系恢复较广的优良恢复系。用其与协青早 Ａ 配组育成的协优 ９１４ 于 １９９７ 年通过浙江省农作物品种审定。     

EM原露在水稻上应用效果试验总结

ＥＭ原露是由多种有效微生物组成的复杂而稳定的微生物菌群,具有造就良性生态的功能。为探索ＥＭ原露对水稻的影响,明确ＥＭ原露在水稻上应用效果,掌握ＥＭ原露在水稻上的应用方法,特安排本试验。 一、材料与方法 １．试验材料ＥＭ原露（江西天意生物技术开发有限公司产）、ＥＭ原露发酵堆肥、鲜猪栏肥。供试品种为协优９１４。 ２．试验方法 本试验安排在临海市稻麦繁育场,该地块土壤肥力中等,灌排水设施良好。设５个处理,３个重复,共１５个小区,每个小区 ３ ｍ × ８ ｍ,２４ｍ２,随机区组排列。５个处理分别为①ＥＭ原露堆肥 …     

协青早A的特征特性和利用研究

协青早不育系是我省广德县农科所1983年育成的矮败籼型不育系。两年来经过各地测交配组,已选配出协优64、协优6号、协优11和协优49新组合4个,还有协优63、协优桂33等七个正在配组鉴定和参加区试。由于协青早A米质优、异交率高、抗性强,一些利用该不育系配制的新组合不但优势强,抗性好,而且米质优于同父配制的其他组合。我公司于1984年秋由厦门秋繁基地引进,在当年海南冬繁和1985年春繁秋制的同时,着重对其生物学特性和开发利用进行了初步研究,现将结果报告如下。 一、协青早A的主要 生物学特性 协青早A是[(矮败不育株×竹军)×协珍一号]×…     

杂交中籼新组合协优52高产制种技术

协优52(协青早A/OM052)是安徽省农科院水稻研究所育成的杂交中籼新组合,具有早熟、高产、抗病能力强、适应性较广等特点,2006年通过安徽省农作物品种审定.根据协优52父母本的特征特性及多年制种实践,总结了协优52的高产制种技术.     

茶情速览

正地方动态安徽省茶协应邀参加中茶协茶叶团体标准工作委员会成立大会3月28日下午,受会领导委托,安徽省茶协副秘书长、综合办公室主任左俊英参加了由中茶协主办、松阳县人民政府承办,在浙江省松阳县天元国际酒店举办的中茶协茶叶团体标准工作委员会成立大会。浙江省茶协召开拓展西北茶叶市场研讨会3月28日下午,浙江省茶叶产业协会在松阳县召开拓展西北茶叶     

高异交率籼稻不育系中协A的选育及应用

中协A是中国水稻研究所和浙江农科种业有限公司利用杂交组合"协青早B//中9B/协青早B"的后代材料,以矮败型籼稻不育系协青早A为不育质源,通过杂交配组、定向回交、特性鉴定等手段转育而成的矮败型籼稻不育系,2009年9月通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定。中协A育性稳定,不育株率为100%,镜检花粉败育率为99.99%,柱头外露率高,异交结实率高,繁茂性好,配合力好。利用中协A配制的杂交稻新组合表现出繁茂性好、杂种优势强、抗倒伏能力强、米质较好等优点。     

中茶协名茶专业委员会换届会暨二届一次工作会议成功在常德召开

正中国茶叶流通协会名茶专业委员会暨二届一次工作会议于5月30日在湖南常德成功召开。中国茶叶流通协会常务副会长王庆,中茶协副会长、名茶委第一届主任委员、湖南农业大学教授刘仲华,中茶协副会长、湖南省茶业协会会长、湖南茶业集团股份有限公司董事长周重旺,中茶协副会长、北京吴裕泰茶业有限公司总经理孙丹威,中茶协名茶委各委员单位负责人、代表,近百人参会。本次会议作为中茶协名茶委换届会,首先由刘仲华主委对第一届委员会     

利用分子标记技术降低协优57的直链淀粉含量

 为克服产量高、适应性广的中籼组合协优57的直链淀粉含量较高、蒸煮食味品质较差的缺点,对其父母本较高的直链淀粉含量特性进行了改良。先前利用PCR AccⅠ分子标记辅助选择对其父本057进行改良,育成了直链淀粉含量改良型057, 简称057(TT)。本研究以ND42为优质基因的供体,利用PCR AccⅠ分子标记对协青早B\[母本协青早A的保持系,简称协青早B(GG)\]进行改良,得到直链淀粉含量改良型协青早B,简称协青早B(TT)。然后用改良前、后的各亲本分别配组,分析各组合的基因型(GG、GT、TT)和食味品质。结果表明,改良单亲的GT型组合协青早B(GG)/057(TT)、协青早B(TT)/057(GG)杂交稻米的直链淀粉含量由原组合协青早B(GG)/057(GG)的26.1%分别降到19.3%和19.2%,但均一性较差。改良双亲的TT纯合型组合协青早B(TT)/057(TT)的杂交稻米,不仅直链淀粉含量降到中等偏低水平(12.5%)、胶稠度变得更软,而且直链淀粉含量的均一性也有了很大的提高。     

超级杂交稻的生育特性及经济性状分析

在大田栽培条件下,以5个超级杂交稻组合和汕优63为供试材料,设计从4月20日到6月20日的7个播期,研究超级杂交稻组合的生育特性和经济性状。结果表明,两优培九、P88S/0293、协优9308、协优9320的生育期显著长于汕优63,适宜作一季稻栽培;国稻1号的生育期与汕优63相近,可作一季稻或双季晚稻栽培;两优培九、P88S/0293、国稻1号表现较强的感温性,协优9308和协优9320还表现一定的感光性,协优9320和协优9308的基本营养生长期较长,国稻1号较短;超级杂交稻组合具有明显的穗重优势,表现穗大粒多;协优9308和协优9320具有较高的生物学产量;在适宜条件下,5个超级杂交稻组合的产量优势明显;产量≥10.5 t/hm2的平均穗粒结构是:有效穗222.93万/hm2,每穗总粒数216.15粒,结实率83.75%,千粒重27.42 g。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Extreme resistance to infection by potato virus X in genotypes of wild tuber-bearingSolanum species

Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta. Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X¹ (also called RX_act).     

Cyanobacteria Secondary Metabolites as Biotechnological Ingredients in Natural Anti-Aging Cosmetics: Potential to Overcome Hyperpigmentation,Loss of Skin Density and UV Radiation-Deleterious Effects

The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O₂^•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O₂^•− scavenging, (IC₅₀ = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC₂₅ = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC₅₀ = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC₅₀ = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O₂^•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms.     

Marine Pharmacology in 2009–2011: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial,Antidiabetic, Antifungal,Anti-Inflammatory,Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis,and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems,and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action ?

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories.