南方亚麻田杂草防治药效试验及应用技术

南方冬春季种植的亚麻，田间主要杂草有看麦娘、牛繁缕、man草及碎米荠。试验表明：72%郁尔乳油每666.7m^2用量130ml，在亚麻播后发芽前封土处理，其鲜重防效达84.7%；17.5%快刀乳油、10.8%高效盖草能乳油及5%禾草杀星乳油每666.7m^2用量60ml，在亚麻出苗后20～30天喷雾，其鲜重防效分别为98.1%、87.1%和92.7%。上述药剂对亚麻安全无药害，一次用药能完全控制亚麻全生育期的杂草危害。     

亚麻田和苎麻苗床地化学除草试验及生产应用

南方冬季种植的亚麻,田间主要杂草有看麦娘、牛繁缕.苎麻春季育苗苗床地主要杂草为看麦娘、马唐、牛繁缕.用5%金草克乳油每666.7m2用量45-50ml.在亚麻、苎麻播后45-90天,即杂草3-9片真叶时喷雾,其鲜重防效分别为87.1%和81.5%,对亚麻、苎麻安全无药害.一次用药后能完全控制亚麻全生育期和苎麻育苗期间的草害.     

亚麻田和苎麻苗床地化学除草试验及生产应用

南方冬季种植的亚麻,田间主要杂草有看麦娘、牛繁缕。芝麻春季育苗苗床地主要杂草为看麦娘、马唐、牛繁缕。用5％金草克乳油每666.7m2用量45-50ml。在亚麻、苎麻播后45-90天,即杂草3-9片真叶时喷雾,其鲜重防效分别为87.1％和81.5％,对亚麻、苎麻安全无药害。一次用药后能完全控制亚麻全生育期和苎麻育苗期间的草害。     

浙江冬闲田亚麻栽培技术初探

本文对浙江冬闲田种植亚麻的高产栽培技术进行了试验.结果如下选择排灌方便的田块,选种高产抗寒品种阿里安,晚稻收割后,及时早播,一般在12月上中旬播种;做好杂草防治工作,芽前封土处理以72%都尔乳油的效果较好,持效期长,施用量为130ml/666.7m2.苗后防治的药剂可选择10.8%高效盖草能乳油、5%禾草杀星、17.5%快刀乳油,用药量为60ml/666.7m2,在亚麻出苗20-30天(此时杂草约在2-3叶期)兑水50kg喷雾;肥料(复合肥)施用总量为30kg/666.7m2,合理分配基追肥的比例,可为21;后期要防止倒伏,及时收获.     

寒地旱直播滴灌水稻田土壤处理杂草防治试验

选择48%仲丁灵乳油和33%施田补乳油为土壤处理剂对寒地旱直播水稻田的安全性及杂草防治效果进行了试验,结果表明:两种药剂不同剂量处理对水稻安全,水稻出苗后无扭曲、失绿、矮化等现象,且都随着喷施剂量增加平均稗草的个数、鲜重和阔叶草个数、鲜重均逐渐减少和降低。33%施田补乳油150 ml/667 m~2的剂量对稗草个数有一定防效,200 ml/667 m~2有较好的防效,150 ml/667 m~2对阔叶草株数有一定防效,200 ml/667 m~2有较好的防效;48%仲丁灵乳油150~250 ml/667 m~2对平均稗草株数有一定的防效。48%仲丁灵乳油对阔叶草个数及鲜重无防效,但有一定抑制作用。     

亚麻苗期化学除草试验

试验结果表明,每666.7m2用56%二甲四氯钠盐50g、5%精喹禾灵乳油40-50ml、油草双克乳油90-110ml,对亚麻生长安全,除草效果好.     

利用稻糠控制稻田主要杂草的研究初报

田间使用稻糠对稻田杂草进行防治的试验结果表明,在单季稻田中每667 m2施用稻糠100 kg可较好地控制矮慈菇、鸭舌草、稗草、空心莲子草以及莎草等杂草为害,施用后14d,其总株防效和总鲜重防效均高于化学除草剂50%丁草胺EC 150 ml/667 m2的防效,且存在显著差异.     

稻套麦田杂草药剂化除技术研究

稻套麦田杂草化除技术研究结果表明:冬前每667m2用50%异丙隆125g 10%苯磺隆10g或6.9%骠马40ml 10%苯磺隆10g株防效及鲜重防效均在90%以上,冬后每667m2用10%精骠40ml 10%苯磺隆15g鲜重防效可达90%左右,可有效防止稻套麦田杂草危害。     

二甲四氯钠与烯草酮混用对亚麻田杂草的防除效果

在新疆伊犁进行了二甲四氯钠与烯草酮混用防除亚麻田一年生阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草的田间试验,结果表明:药后30 d,二甲四氯钠与烯草酮混用对亚麻田杂草的株防效和鲜重防效均在88%以上,明显高于二者单用时的防效,且持效期长,一次施药能控制亚麻田生育期大多数杂草,对亚麻安全,两者混用是有效控制亚麻田杂草的理想措施。     

55％增效蔗兴净乳油对甘蔗除草药效初报

介绍蔗兴净乳油在甘蔗杂草双穗雀稗、李氏禾、梁子菜…等试验,在草龄较高情况下,用量250m1／667m^2,药后25d株数防治效果达80．7％。比对照的蔗兴净防效68．2％增效12％;药后47d的鲜重防效达81．3％,比对照的鲜重防效72．7％增效8．6％,该增效剂增效显著。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.