茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

The tea leaf disease, which led to a large loss of production and decrease of quality, was found in the tea region in Huishui county, Guizhou province. Some strains were isolated from the diseased samples, and the representative strains fulfilled Koch’s postulate. Then the isolates were further identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) regions. The results showed that the pathogen of the leaf disease occurred in Huishui county, Guizhou province was L. theobromae.     

茶树链格孢叶斑病的病原鉴定

茶树是我国重要的经济作物,茶园叶病的流行会造成严重的经济损失。2017年10月到2018年1月从安徽、福建和湖北省茶区的9个茶树品种上采集代表性茶叶斑病叶,该病害的发病症状与由Colletotrichum spp.引起的茶炭疽病相似。采用组织分离法从发病叶片组织分离获得26株菌落形态一致的真菌分离物,显微镜观察结果显示,各菌株分生孢子的产生方式和形态特征相似。为进一步明确菌株的分类地位,选取2株来自安徽庐江和宣城地区的代表性菌株(EC-6和XBC1-3)进行多基因片段的PCR扩增和序列分析。结果表明,代表性菌株EC-6和XBC1-3的ITS、gpd、tef-1a基因序列分别与交链格孢Alternaria alternata参考菌株CBS 107.27的序列(KP124300, KP124157, KP125075)相似性为100%、99%和100%,结合菌株形态学观察以及柯赫氏法则验证,证实交链格孢是引起该茶树叶斑病的致病菌。这是在安徽茶区首次发现由致病性链格孢引起茶树叶斑病。     

可可毛色二孢菌侵染后的烟草酵母双杂交cDNA文库构建

正葡萄是世界上最重要的经济果树之一,据联合国粮食及农业组织统计,截止到2013年,中国葡萄栽培面积已达715.5万hm2,葡萄总产量超2 300万kg。长期以来,葡萄病害是影响葡萄产业健康发展的重要因素。近年来研究发现由葡萄座腔菌科真菌(Botryosphaeriaceae)引起的葡萄溃疡病(Botryosphaeria dieback)是葡萄上的主要枝干病     

茄子棒孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定及致病性研究

 本研究对茄子棒孢叶斑病的症状进行系统的描述,采用致病性试验、形态学观察及分子生物学的方法对茄子棒孢叶斑病的病原菌进行鉴定。致病性试验证实病原菌对茄子的致病力显著高于黄瓜。显微观察发现同一病原菌在茄子上形成的孢子以圆柱形为主,孢子体较窄;而在黄瓜上形成的孢子具有圆柱形和倒棍棒形两种形态,且较宽。对病原菌rDNA ITS区进行PCR扩增和序列测定。综合形态特征、致病力和分子序列分析结果,确定茄子棒孢叶斑病病原菌为Corynespora cassiicola。     

青苹果竹芋平脐蠕孢叶斑病病原菌的鉴定

A new leaf spot disease on Calathea rotundifolia cv. fasciata was observed in Guangdong, China. The pathogen of this disease was identified by pathogenicity, morphological characteristics and multi-gene sequences analysis of ITS, TEF and GAPDH. The result showed that leaf spot of C. rotundifolia cv. fasciata was caused by Bipolaris sivanesaniana. This is the first report of leaf spot disease on C. rotundifolia cv. fasciata caused by B. sivanesaniana.The results of host range determination showed that B. sivanesaniana could also infect Calathea veitchiana and cause leaf spot. This study will facilitate the timely detection and management of Bipolaris leaf spot.     

河南丹参棒孢霉叶斑病病原菌的鉴定

<正>丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.),又叫活血根，为唇形科(Labiatae)鼠尾草属(Salvia Linn)多年生草本药用植物，干燥根入药，主要用于治疗心脑血管等疾病^[1]。近年来，随着丹参种植规模的扩大，丹参根腐病^[2-3]、枯萎病^[4]和茎基腐^[5]等病害的大规模发生，限制了丹参种植产业的发展。2019—2021年在河南省禹州、     

一种由可可毛色二孢引起的春芋新病害

正可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae(Pat.) GriffonMaubl.)是由Griffon和Maublanc~([1])在对Botryodiplodia theobromae进行订正的基础上而确立,Alves等~([2])于2008年对这个种又进行了研究并补充了DNA序列信息。可可毛色二孢是一种重要的病原菌,可引起多种植物的枯萎、根腐及焦枯等病害症状~([3,4])。而假可可毛色二     

苎麻叶斑病病原菌鉴定

 苎麻\[Boehmeria nivea（L.）Gaud\]属荨麻科（Urticaceae）苎麻属（Boehmeria）,多年生宿根性草本植物。我国苎麻栽培历史悠久,病害及病原种类多。2010年,在重庆璧山丁家镇高古村苎麻种植区发现一种新病害,该病菌主要为害苎麻叶片,病害蔓延迅速且危害严重,严重时病叶率达50%以上,给当地苎麻产业造成严重损失。为了明确该病害的病原菌种类,本文通过形态学鉴定和致病性测定,结合分子生物学技术对病原菌进行系统鉴定,确定该叶斑病的病原菌为多主棒孢（Corynespora cassiicola）。     

芝麻棒孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定与致病力比较

为明确芝麻叶斑病病原菌及其致病力,本研究以河南不同地区芝麻上分离所得叶斑病分离物为研究对象,通过形态观察和分子鉴定探讨这些分离物的分类属性,并且进行离体叶片和活体茎杆接菌,进一步探究了不同菌株的致病力差异。结果显示分离所得的6株芝麻叶斑病分离物的菌落形态、生长速率和产孢量存在差异,分生孢子多数呈倒棍棒状,具隔膜,6个菌株的ITS序列与GenBank中Corynespora cassiicola的一致性达99%以上,结合形态特征与ITS序列将其鉴定为山扁豆生棒孢。室内人工接菌芝麻发现,这6个菌株的致病力存在显著的差异;在芝麻叶片上,20180909-03属强致病力菌株,20180821-01、20180909-05和20180824-01属中等致病力菌株,20180904-02-02和SF1-1属弱致病力菌株;在芝麻茎杆上,20180824-01致病力最强,其次是20180821-01、20180909-03和20180909-05,SF1-1和20180904-02-02致病力最弱。研究结果证明山扁豆生棒孢不同菌株在芝麻上的致病力存在明显的分化。     

河南省草莓棒孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确河南省草莓棒孢叶斑病病原菌,采用组织分离法对其进行分离纯化,通过形态学和分子生物学手段对其进行鉴定,并对其致病性、寄主范围及生物学特性进行测定,同时对其前期侵染过程进行显微观察。结果表明,从草莓病叶中共分离得到5株形态特征一致的菌株,其菌落中央略隆起,呈浅灰褐色,边缘呈白色,气生菌丝绒毛状且致密;分生孢子呈圆柱形或倒棍棒形,大小为30～252μm×5～10μm,呈半透明至浅棕色,假隔膜6～17个,基脐加厚;基于ITS、EF-1α和TUB序列的系统发育分析结果显示,代表菌株ZM170455与不同寄主来源的多主棒孢霉Corynespora cassiicola聚为同一分支;该病原菌寄主范围广,除草莓外还能侵染黄瓜、辣椒和空心菜等10种经济作物,形成典型病斑。根据形态学特征和分子生物学特征将河南省草莓棒孢叶斑病病原菌鉴定为多主棒孢霉C. cassiicola。多主棒孢霉侵染前期,其分生孢子萌发产生芽管,而芽管顶端可在远离气孔的位置形成类似附着胞的结构。多主棒孢霉最适温度范围为25～30℃,最适pH为6～10,在光暗交替条件下菌丝生长最快,最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为KNO_3<...     

矮龙船花枯梢病病原菌Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis的鉴定

In May 2019, a new dieback on Ixora williamsii Sandwith was found during the disease surveys of the plants in the Sansha City, Hainan Province. The fungal pathogen YXD-918-1 was isolated by methods of tissue isolation and purified using single-spore isolation. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS region, EF1-α and TUB gene sequences, the fungal isolate was identified as Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis. The pathogenicity test confirmed that this species isolates were pathogen on I. williamsii. This is the first report of the dieback on I. williamsii caused by L. hormozganensis in China.     

朱槿茎腐病病原鉴定

朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis),又名扶桑、佛桑、大红花、赤槿、桑槿、红木槿,为锦葵科木槿属常绿灌木或小乔木.其花型娇美,花色艳丽,不仅是斐济、苏丹、马来西亚等国的国花,同时也是我国广西省南宁市、云南省玉溪市以及台湾省高雄市的市花.在南宁,朱槿作为一种重要的园林绿化树种,被栽植于街道、公园、花坛及庭...     

贵州省余庆县茶褐枯病病原菌的鉴定

为鉴定引起茶褐枯病的病原菌,本研究对病原菌进行分离、纯化和培养,通过柯赫氏法则验证菌株的致病性,并观察病原菌的形态特征,依据病原菌rDNA-ITS、ACT、CAL和TUB2基因进行多基因系统发育分析。结果显示:病原菌分生孢子呈淡蓝色,表面光滑,无隔膜,圆柱状,两端钝或向底部变窄,水滴状斑点,大小为(11.7~29.5)μm×(3.9~7.7)μm,平均为(19.4±4.4)μm×(5.4±0.8)μm,分生孢子梗形成于气生菌丝上,透明,具有隔膜;附着胞为棒状等不规则形状,颜色呈棕色到深棕色,单生。基于病原菌形态学鉴定和多基因系统发育分析结果,将病原菌确定为山茶刺盘孢Colletotrichum camelliae。     

Identification and characterization of Pyrenophora species causing leaf spot on oat (Avena sativa) in western China

Drechslera leaf spot (DLS) is a serious leaf disease of oats chiefly caused by Pyrenophora chaetomioides in the main oat-producing areas of the world. However, other species of Pyrenophora that may cause DLS have not been investigated in China. From 2018 to 2020, a total of 256 strains of Pyrenophora were isolated from nine oat-producing areas in three provinces in western China. Using a combination of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S ribosomal RNA gene (LSU), RNA polymerase second largest subunit region (RPB2), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase region (GAPDH), 66% of the isolates were identified as P. chaetomioides and 34% of isolates belonged to P. avenicola. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that P. avenicola also infected oat and caused DLS, but it was less virulent than P. chaetomioides. From our survey, DLS caused by P. avenicola generally occurred in warm areas at lower altitude and the annual average temperature was above 0°C (Huan and Zhenyuan county in Gansu, Huize county in Yunnan), compared to high-altitude areas (Tianzhu county, Shandan county, Haiyan county). The combination of optimal and maximal temperature indicated that P. avenicola had greater tolerance to high temperature, which was also an important factor for its distribution on oats. Precise identification and understanding of virulence, distribution, and occurrence of these pathogens has significance for control of oat DLS in the future.     

广西百香果采后果腐病病原的鉴定

0 引言 百香果(Passiflora edulis),学名西番莲,为西番莲科(Passifloraceae)西番莲属(Passiflora Linn.)草质藤本植物,原产于南美洲的巴西,在我国主要种植于热带、亚热带地区,具有极高的营养、保健和商品价值[1-2].目前,我国百香果的主栽品种为紫果百香果(Passiflo...     

烟草叶斑病病原菌的鉴定及其生物学特性

为明确贵州省新发现的烟草叶斑病病原菌种类和生物学特性,2019年自田间采集具有典型发病症状的烟叶,采用组织分离法对其进行分离纯化,对分离菌株进行致病性测定,观察病原菌形态学特征,基于ITS、LSU、tub2和rpb2基因序列进行分子生物学鉴定,同时对病原菌的生物学特性进行测定。结果显示,烟草叶斑病病斑呈圆形或椭圆形,病斑中间呈浅褐色,边缘呈棕色,周围环绕黄色晕圈。经分离纯化共获得3株病原菌,形成的菌落为深褐色,气生菌丝呈白色;分子孢子器呈球形或扁球形,为深褐色,大小为79.3～91.7μm×148.4～167.3μm;分生孢子呈椭圆形,光滑,无隔膜,具0～3个油球,大小为3.5～5.6μm×1.7～2.9μm。根据形态学特征和分子生物学特征将其鉴定为Didymella segeticola。该病原菌菌丝生长适宜温度为20～25℃;适宜pH为6～10,最适碳源为乳糖,最适氮源为蛋白胨,通气和光暗交替环境有利于其生长。