烟草品种（系）的烟草黑胫病抗性鉴定

采用离体叶片法测定了分离自湖南主产烟区的3个烟草黑胫病菌菌株的致病性,结果表明以Phy2菌株致病性最强。以Phy2为接种菌株,采用田间人工接种方法对13个烟草品种（系）进行了烟草黑胫病抗性鉴定。试验结果表明,对烟草黑胫病表现抗、中抗、中感和感病的分别为10份、1份、1份、1份,占鉴定品种（系）总数的76.9%、7.7%、7.7%、7.7%。其中湘烟3号和4-10-1抗性优于抗病对照品种K326和革新3号,而津巴布韦新引进品种KRK26对烟草黑胫病抗性较差。     

白肋烟新品种‘鄂烟213’的选育及其特征特性

‘鄂烟213’是以MSKentucky8959为母本,Virginia528为父本育成的雄性不育一代杂交白肋烟新品种,中熟,遗传性状稳定,田间长势强,生长整齐一致,主要经济性状、外观质量、感官评吸质量与对照‘鄂烟1号’相当,主要化学成分含量适宜且协调性好,原烟4-(N-甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)含量低;抗TMV,中抗至抗黑胫病,中感至感根结线虫病;能兼顾优质、低NNK、适产及抗性。2015年4月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。介绍了该品种的选育经过、特征特性、栽培及晾制技术。     

澳大利亚油菜育种的进展

澳大利亚油菜育种研究是在七十年代初世界油菜品质育种高潮到来时开始的。直接从低芥酸和双低育种起步,没有经历常规育种的阶段。至今已具有一定的研究力量,发展速度较快,尤其在双低油菜的抗黑胫病育种,芥菜型油菜的品质改良等方面处于世界领先地位。     

南方水稻黑条矮缩病抗性的遗传分析及主效QTL的精细定位

【目的】近年来由白背飞虱传播的南方水稻黑条矮缩病给水稻生产造成了巨大损失,开展该病的抗性遗传分析和基因精细定位,将为抗性育种提供材料和理论依据。【方法】分析了抗性材料D4对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性特征,并通过广恢998/D4F2群体分析该病抗性的遗传规律,利用QTL-seq技术联合遗传连锁分析定位主效抗性QTL。【结果】D4对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性表现为抗病毒性而非抗虫性,且受主效基因和微效基因共同控制。QTL-seq和连锁分析将南方水稻黑条矮缩病主效抗性QTL定位于第9染色体上,命名为qSRBSDV9。利用代换作图法进一步将qSRBSDV9定位在102.3kb的区间内,该区间包含21个预测基因,其中9个基因与赤霉素信号传导相关。【结论】揭示了D4对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性特征及遗传规律,精细定位了南方水稻黑条矮缩病主效抗性QTL qSRBSDV9。这为该QTL的图位克隆及育种利用奠定了基础。     

内蒙古9种马铃薯主栽品种对黑胫病抗性评价

为明确内蒙古自治区主栽马铃薯品种对黑胫病的抗性,试验采用离体块茎接种和温室盆栽注射接种2种方法,对内蒙古自治区各地方9个主栽马铃薯品种('V7'英尼维特'费乌瑞它'大西洋'冀张薯12号'夏坡蒂'布尔斑克'中加7号'和'中加2号')的黑胫病抗性进行了评价.离体块茎接种法结果表明'英尼维特'与'V7'为抗性品种,'大西洋'...     

高淀粉马铃薯新品系陇薯161—2选育报告

高淀粉马铃薯新品系陇薯１６１—２选育报告王一航，杨树恭，文国宏（甘肃省农科院粮作所兰州７３００７０）１选育经过１．１育种目标针对目前我省马铃薯生产实际和今后发展趋势，确定了马铃薯选育目标为高抗晚疫、黑胫、环腐病，对病毒病具有田间抗性，亩产一般２０００...     

烤烟黑胫病防治研究进展

阐述了烟草黑胫病的病原菌形态、发病规律、发病条件及发病特征,从农业防治和药剂防治两方面综述了现有烟草黑胫病防治方法及其弊端,并对生物防治黑胫病进行了展望.     

烟属野生种主要植物学性状及黑胫病抗性评价

鉴定了烟属植物野生种生育期等植物学性状特性,评价了供试材料对黑胫病(0号及1号生理小种)的抗性,为开展远缘杂交花期相遇及亲本选配提供了基础数据。在玻璃温室内,本研究针对66份烟属植物野生种的生育期等7个植物学性状的调查,检测了烟碱及钾含量,并对黑胫病(0号及1号生理小种)抗性进行了评价。结果表明:供试材料播种到开花时间(DF)为35.00~357.00 d,平均121.67 d;种子千粒重(TSW)为0.02~0.20 g,平均0.09 g;株高(PH)为11.20~292.75 cm,平均119.19 cm;花冠长度(CL)为1.22~11.50 cm,平均3.98 cm;花冠直径(CD)0.67~7.80 cm,平均2.37 cm;最大叶长(MLL)为6.79~61.15 cm,平均25.17 cm;最大叶宽(MLW)为0.65~35.51 cm,平均11.84 cm。烟碱含量为0.03%~1.81%,平均0.34%;钾含量为0.32%~7.11%,平均3.56%。筛选到N.alata PI42334等11份资源同时抗黑胫病0及1号生理小种。     

抗大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种育种骨干亲本抗性差异分析

研究对抗大豆孢囊线虫病育种中常用的40份骨干亲本进行4号生理小种抗性鉴定，其中感病品种30份，黄粒抗病品系2份，黑粒抗病品系2份，黑粒抗源6份。结果表明：品种间的抗性有极显著差异；抗性的主要差异首先出现在抗性和非抗性品种之间，其次出现在非抗性品种内；抗源材料的抗性非常稳定；亲本对大豆孢囊线虫4号生理小种的抗性呈连续性变化，符合正态分布规律。抗性愈强的品种抗性愈稳定，抗性愈弱的品种抗性愈易受环境的影响。大豆抗大豆孢囊线虫的广义遗传力约为53．9％。     

花生晚斑病抗性育种研究进展

花生晚斑病是世界上危害最重、分布最广的花生真菌性病害之一。近三十年来在世界主要花生产区的危害逐渐加重，已成为制约花生品质、产量和经济效益的重要因素。本文综述了已育成抗晚斑病品种和品系、抗性遗传机制、抗病候选基因、数量性状基因座及分子标记和转基因抗性的研究现状，展望了未来花生晚斑病抗性育种的研究方向，为花生晚斑病抗性育种提供参考。     

收获后烟秆不同处理方式对烟草病害发生的影响

为了探讨烤烟收获后烟秆不同处理方式对烟草病害的影响，采用多点单因素田间小区实验，研究了2种基本烟秆处理方式下烟田青枯病、黑胫病与病毒病的发生情况。结果表明：烟秆离田上岸处理比砍断还田处理的烟田青枯病、黑胫病与病毒病的始发期分别推迟14、35、23 d；盛发期发病率分别降低21.58%、17.02%、16.35%，病指降低8.89、7.95、6.80；定案调查期发病率分别降低32.15%、17.68%、22.10%，病指降低19.77、10.09、10.10；离田上岸处理烟田青枯病、黑胫病与病毒病发病增长率（定案期-盛发期）分别为1.33%、1.23%、0.19%，病指增长（定案期-盛发期）分别为0.39、0.55、0.20。试验表明，烟秆离田上岸处理可以推迟黑胫病的始发期，降低青枯病的发病率与病指，可以更好地减缓病毒病的扩散。     

四个烤烟新品种的产量性状与抗病性比较

为筛选出普洱地区适宜性较强的烤烟品种,发展特色优质烟叶,2009年于普洱市景东县烤烟产区比较了KRK 26,KRK 22,KRK 23,T 27四个烤烟新品种的生育期、农艺性状、经济性状(产量、产值和上等烟比例)、抗逆性和烟叶品质的差异性。结果显示:KRK 26大田生育期最短,具有较强的耐肥性和耐熟性,烟叶外观质量较好,产量可达1 772.50 kg/hm2,产值可达25 808.18元/hm2,上等烟比例可达52.46%,均表现最好。各参试品种均对黑胫病、青枯病、角斑病、根结线虫病、CM V、PVY表现出抗性,除此之外,KRK 26还对TM V表现出抗性。因此,KRK 26在当地具有较强的推广潜力。     

Race distribution and distribution of sensitivities to mefenoxam among isolates of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae in Guizhou province of China

Black shank, caused by the hemibiotrophic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, is a major disease of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in southwest China. Mefenoxam is one of the most commonly used fungicides for its management. A survey was conducted to determine the level of mefenoxam sensitivity in the pathogen population in Guizhou province and to determine the race distribution of selected isolates. In 2012, 179 isolates of P. parasitica were screened for sensitivity to mefenoxam on lima bean agar. Zero percent of the isolates was classified as resistant, 41.9% as intermediately resistant, and 58.1% as sensitive. Race was determined for 32 isolates from 12 tobacco districts using five discriminative cultivars: NC-1071, Fla 301, L8, Xiaohuangjing 1025 and K-326. Twenty seven isolates were race 1 and five were race 0. Race 1 was present in all regions sampled and presents a major concern for the use of tobacco cultivars in Guizhou province in the future. Based on the results of our survey, we conclude that a combination of practices that includes partial resistance, cultural controls, and fungicides will be needed for long term management of tobacco black shank in Guizhou province of China.     

湖北省白肋烟新品系比较研究

以鄂烟1号为对照品种，2013年对湖北省自育的 B0924、27011、270123等9个白肋烟新品系的植物学性状、农艺性状、抗病性、经济性状、烟叶产质量等进行综合比较研究。结果表明：B0924、27011及270123的综合性状表现优于对照，可重点培育成湖北白肋烟示范推广品种，其它品系则需要进一步改良。     

Effects of oxathiapiprolin on Phytophthora nicotianae,the causal agent of black shank of tobacco

Oxathiapiprolin is a new fungicide active against oomycetes. In vitro assays and field studies were conducted to examine the effect of oxathiapiprolin on Phytophthora nicotianae (Pn), the causal agent of black shank. The efficacy of oxathiapiprolin on mycelial growth, sporangia production, zoospore motility, and zoospore germination was assessed with four Pn isolates. EC₅₀ values were low ranging from 0.0039 to 0.0049 μg a.i./mL for mycelial growth, 0.00052–0.00081 μg a.i./mL for sporangia production, 0.0035–0.0051 μg a.i./mL for encysted zoospore germination, and 0.0055–0.0166 μg a.i./mL for zoospore motility. Sixty six Pn isolates, 60 from tobacco and six from ornamental plants were examined for sensitivity to oxathiapiprolin at 1 μg a.i./mL. Mycelial growth at 1 μg a.i./mL was observed in only one isolate from tobacco whereas the six Pn isolates from ornamental plants five of which were resistant to mefenoxam at 100 μg a.i./mL, were found to be sensitive to oxathiapiprolin. The efficacy of oxathiapiprolin against black shank was assessed in three field studies in North Carolina. Treatments of oxathiapiprolin were equal or superior to mefenoxam against black shank in each field study. Our results suggest that oxathiapiprolin is a highly efficacious fungicide against P. nicotianae, and will be a useful tool in controlling black shank of tobacco.     

早熟烤烟品种PVH19的特征特性

为筛选适宜在云南种植的早熟烤烟品种,以云烟85和K 326为对照,对从巴西引进的烤烟品种PVH 19进行了连续两年的新品种示范试验。结果表明,PVH 19是一个典型的早熟品种,抗TM V和根结线虫病,中抗黑胫病和赤星病,综合抗性好,原烟外观质量较好,化学成分比例协调,各项指标都在适宜范围内,产量、产值略低于对照,但差异不显著。综合各示范点情况,PVH 19适合在云南省高海拔地区种植。     

烤烟新品种湘烟1号的选育及特征特性

烤烟新品种湘烟1号是用G80作母本，G140作父本杂交，经系谱选择育成，2000年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种农艺性状稳定，植株塔型，叶形长椭圆形，大田生育期110d左右。经济性状优于或相当于K326。烟叶分层落黄好，易烘烤。初烤原烟多为橘黄，金黄，油分多，光泽强，结构疏松，厚薄适中，主要化学成分含量适宜，比例协调，卷烟评吸质量档次中偏上。抗青枯病，中抗黑胫病和CMV。抗旱耐涝。湘烟1号具有优质、稳产、抗逆性强、适应性广和易烘烤等特点。     

Sensitivity of Phytophthora parasitica to mandipropamid: In vitro determination of baseline sensitivity and in vivo fungitoxicity

Tobacco black shank caused by Phytophthora parasitica is a devastating soil-borne disease of tobacco in China. Control of tobacco black shank relies on numerous fungicide applications. A new carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide, mandipropamid, was examined for its effects on various asexual developmental stages of P. parasitica in vitro and in tobacco seedlings. Although mandipropamid did not affect discharge of zoospores from sporangia, it strongly inhibited mycelial growth (mean EC₅₀ value of 0.0112 μg ml⁻¹), sporangia production (mean EC₅₀ value of 0.009 μg ml⁻¹), germination of encysted zoospores (mean EC₅₀ value of 0.014 μg ml⁻¹), and germination of sporangia (mean EC₅₀ value of 0.017 μg ml⁻¹). For protective activity in tobacco seedlings, various applications of mandipropamid were superior in reducing black shank compared to that of metalaxyl and of azoxystrobin; while for curative activity assay, 100 μg ml⁻¹ of mandipropamid exhibited the same efficacy as that of metalaxyl, and presented superior activity than that of azoxystrobin. In 2010 and 2011, 119 isolates of P. parasitica from Guizhou Province of China were characterized for the baseline sensitivity to mandipropamid by measuring mycelial growth. Values of effective concentrations for 50% mycelia growth inhibition varied from 0.0068 to 0.0285 μg ml⁻¹ and averaged 0.013 (±0.0045) μg ml⁻¹, with a unimodal distribution. This information will serve as a baseline for tracking future changes in sensitivities of P. parasitica populations to mandipropamid in China.