体外培养牛腔前卵泡卵母细胞的超微结构

直径约100μm牛腔前卵泡在无血清下体外培养15d。超微结构研究显示，培养前腔前卵泡卵母细胞微绒毛短小，分布均匀。胞质内细胞器致密而均匀，线粒体多为长或圆形，嵴较少，高尔基体、脂滴稀少，未见有皮质颗粒出现。培养6d时，微绒毛略变粗长，但数量减少。胞质内细胞器，由近核分布向胞质中央区转移，线粒体形态丰富，基质电子密度极高。培养15d腔前卵泡卵母细胞微绒毛增多，变长，斜向或垂直插入已经形成的透明带中。线粒体增多，大小不等，形态各异，胞质中区有溶酶体样物质及零星的皮质颗粒出现。电镜研究表明，体外培养与体内正常发育腔前卵泡卵母细胞超微结构变化规律基本相似。     

牛腔前卵泡在体外无血清培养中发育为有腔卵泡

用无血清培养系统研究了牛腔前卵泡的体外培养。直径为100－200μm的牛腔前卵泡在添加L－谷氨酰胺、BSA、睾酮、转铁蛋白和硒的McCoy′s 5a培养液中培养，卵泡保持正常的形态结构并持续生长，培养10d左右形成贸泡腔，成腔率约50％。培养液中添加胰岛素对卵泡直径的增长和卵泡腔的形成有明显的促进作用，但添加FSH对腔前卵泡的生长未表现促进作用。     

体外培养牛腔前卵泡颗粒细胞的超微结构研究

透射电镜下，简易机械法分离得到的腔前卵泡有1～3层颗粒细胞，相邻颗粒细胞间存在明显而广泛的间隙连接，卵泡基膜完整，外无卵泡膜。培养过程中超微结构的变化与体内发育腔前卵泡类似。培养6d时观察到颗粒细胞增殖现象，培养15d时，个别卵泡的内膜细胞开始形成。超微结构研究结果表明，本培养体系适于小腔前卵泡的体外培养。     

维生素对牛腔前卵泡体外培养的影响

用改良的McCoy’s 5a无血清培养液 (含 3mML -谷氨酰胺、0 1%BSA、2 0ng/ml睾酮、2 5 μg/ml转铁蛋白、10 0ng/ml胰岛素和 4ng/ml硒 ) ,在 96孔培养板中 ,每孔 2 5 0 μl培养液的条件下 ,研究了维生素C和维生素E对腔前卵泡体外发育的影响。结果表明 :在培养液中添加 90 μM的维生素C有利于维持腔前卵泡体外生长时结构的完整性 ,显著提高牛腔前卵泡体外培养 10天的存活率 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但并没有发现对腔前卵泡的生长、发育和成腔有促进作用 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在培养液中添加3 0 μM的维生素E对Φ >13 0 μm的腔前卵泡及其卵母细胞有促进发育和促进卵泡腔形成的趋势 (P >0 0 5 ) ;在培养液中联合添加 12 μM维生素E和 96μM维生素C ,能显著提高牛腔前卵泡体外培养 10天的存活率 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并对牛腔前卵泡的生长和发育有一定的促进作用 ,但差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

山羊腔前卵泡卵母细胞体外发育与体外成熟的研究

通过比较3种培养基、5个培养系统和4种培养方法对卵母细胞生长率的影响,结果发现,就卵母细胞生长率而言。以MEM HEPES培养液＋5％FCS＋40μg/mlFSH 20ng/ml IGF-1 2mmol/L cAMP 2mmol/L次黄嘌呤培养系统为佳。在腔前卵泡体外培养过程中,12个卵泡经腔期发育,约占同等培养条件下卵泡九的2％（12／603）。培养卵泡经腔期发育并未改善其卵母细胞的成熟率（0／12）。腔前卵泡卵母细胞经过不同时间的体外培养,发现经12和14d培养结不的卵母细胞中,有81％（47／58）生发泡明显迁移至质膜下;培养14d的卵母细胞中,约16．4％（9／55）产生pbI但不排出,因而在胞质中见到极体;;培养16d得到1枚排出pbI的孤雌激活卵;同时发现培养16－18d卵母细胞退化率明显增高（P＜0．01）。推测山羊腔前卵泡卵母细胞体外培养的适宜时间为16d。     

促性腺激素(FSH、LH)对牛腔前卵泡体外发育及E_2分泌的影响

利用McCoy's 5a基础无血清培养系统研究了促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)2种促性腺激素对牛腔前卵泡的体外生长、存活及雌二醇(E2)分泌的影响.结果显示,培养液中单独添加LH对牛腔前卵泡生长影响不大,而单独添加50、100μg/L以上FSH对牛腔前卵泡直径增长和培养后期体外存活有明显的促进作用;当培养液中有10 μg/L LH存在时,2种促性腺激素协同刺激卵泡生长的作用更加明显.添加10 μg/L LH 50μg/L FSH对腔前卵泡体外生长、发育、存活及E2分泌均具有显著的促进作用(P<0.05).     

无血清培养液对牛腔前卵泡体外发育的影响

本文研究了基础培养液中不添加犊牛血清(FCS)及添加不同比例FCS对牛腔前卵泡体外发育和激素分泌的影响。结果显示:添加FCS对腔前卵泡体外生长无明显促进作用,对腔前卵泡的体外发育、存活及激素分泌也影响不大。腔前卵泡在无血清条件下可持续生长、分泌性腺激素。     

胶原酶对水牛腔前卵泡的分离及培养的影响

研究旨在找出一种水牛腔前卵泡的有效分离方法。采用酶消化结合机械法来分离水牛的腔前卵泡 ,并分别进行培养。来自屠宰场的水牛卵巢 ,先用剪刀去掉髓质部 ,用眼科手术剪刀将其剪碎 ,然后分别用浓度为 0 (CK )、0 0 2 %、0 0 4%、0 0 8%的胶原酶消化 2 0分钟 ,采集腔前卵泡 ,每个卵巢分别获得 3 3 5 6± 6 1 5、40 3 8±6 1 2、47 75± 6 84和 5 2 69± 6 1 5个腔前卵泡 ,试验组的数量明显多于对照组 ( p <0 0 5 )。体外培养 72h后的腔前卵泡存活率分别为 5 0 86%、43 5 5 %、43 0 6%和 2 7 3 1 % ,用 0 0 8%胶原酶消化的存活数显著低于其它组 ( p <0 0 1 )。用胶原酶分离水牛的腔前卵泡 ,适宜的浓度为 0 0 4%。     

牛腔前卵泡的体外培养

通过在α- MEM和 D- MEM/ F1 2 基础液中添加不同比例的 ITS、丙酮酸钠、谷氨酰胺、次黄嘌呤和血清 ,观察了不同基础液对牛腔前卵泡体外生长发育的影响 ,从而筛选出较好的组别。在筛选出的基础液组别中添加 3个水平的FSH、L H、E2 ,观察了其对牛腔前卵泡体外生长发育的影响。结果表明 ,α- MEM和 D- MEM/ F1 2 2种基础液中以α-MEM为好 ,不同的基础培养液组合对牛腔前卵泡的体外培养有一定的影响。添加不同水平的激素对牛腔前卵泡体外培养也有显著影响。试验初步筛选出最佳的培养液成分为α- MEM ITS(I- 5 m g/ L ,T- 5 mg/ L ,S- 5μg/ L ) 丙酮酸钠(0 .2 3mmol/ L) 谷氨酰胺 (1.5 m mol/ L) 次黄嘌呤 (2 m mol/ L) 血清 (7.5 % ) FSH(0 .2 5 mg/ L) L H(5 IU/m L ) E2 (0 .5 mg/ L )。     

牛腔前卵泡的简易机械分离方法

采用两种机械法分离牛腔前卵泡。方法一 (M -1) ,皮肤移植刀切割、剪碎、过滤镜下直接捡卵法。方法二 (M -2 ) ,皮质片剪碎、离心、悬浮、过滤镜下捡卵法。M -1平均每卵巢采卵数为 46 9个± 18 2个 ,M -2为 6 8 4个± 12 5个 ;处理时间M -1为 2 5 4min± 6 7min ,M -2为 46 3min± 16 8min ,两种方法采集腔前卵泡数量及处理时间均存在显著差异。平均每小时采集卵泡数分别为 99 5和 87 2个 ,M -1多于M -2。两种方法获得腔前卵泡大小分布规律也有明显差异 ,M -1采集腔前卵泡直径为 6 0～ 15 0 μm ,绝大部分是次级卵泡 ,而M -2获取腔前卵泡则偏小。总的看来 ,M -1处理时间短 ,回收效率高 ,方法简便 ,且分离卵泡直径较大 ,适于体外培养 ,是机械分离牛腔前卵泡的一种理想方法。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.