Enzymes of oxidant defence system of leucocytes and erythrocytes in bovine anaplasmosis

The glutathione oxidant defence system in leucocytes and erythrocytes of six Anaplasma marginale-infected calves was examined by assaying glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, GSH-S-transferase and arginase levels were measured in leucocytes. There was a significant decline in the activities of leucocyte GSH-px, GSSG-R and SOD in the post-patent period; whereas arginase activity rose significantly following the patent period of anaplasmosis. The activity of erythrocyte SOD declined in the post-patent stage. The infection also caused a decline in red cell GSH (P less than 0.05). The results suggest that the glutathione oxidant defence system of peripheral blood cells is significantly influenced by the Anaplasma infection.     

Disturbance of oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium in horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi

Oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium disturbance has already been reported in trypanosome infections by several authors. The present study was aimed to explore the possible oxidant/antioxidant disturbance in surra of naturally infected horses before and after treatment. Fifteen naturally infected horses were chosen to analyse erythrocytic indices, platelet counts, lipid peroxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) while six healthy animals acted as control. There was a highly significant (P<0.001) reduction in red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and platelet levels and a significant reduction in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P<0.05) was noticed. A highly significant increase in NO (P<0.001), a significant increase in LPO (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in GSH, SOD and CAT (P<0.05) were found. A negative correlation of RBC count with LPO (r=-0.844) and nitrate (r=-0.702) while a positive correlation with GSH (r=0.489), SOD (r=0.580) and CAT (r=0.689) was observed. All the animals were treated with Quinapyramine sulphate (3mg/kg s.c.) only once. Nine animals recovered completely without any side effects. The recovered animals were monitored and samples were collected every seven days for up to 21 days and parameters were analysed. After treatment, a significant increase in haematological parameters was noticed whereas the oxidative indices varied without any statistical significance. To conclude, the increase in oxidant parameters and decrease in antioxidant enzymes in infected horses indicates the disturbance of oxidant/antioxidant indices. There was a significant increase in post therapy haematological values, while the oxidant/antioxidant indices changed insignificantly indicating that antioxidants might be supplemented in the therapeutic regimen.     

柠条抗氧化保护系统对干旱胁迫的响应

为阐明柠条(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)抗氧化保护系统在旱逆境下的适应性调节机制,采用盆栽试验,于2006年7~9月测定了不同土壤水分处理下1年生柠条苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性及抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、类胡萝卜素(Car)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、丙二醛(MDA)含量的动态变化。结果表明:与适宜水分条件相比,在中度及重度干旱胁迫下柠条的Car含量均长期无显著变化,CAT活性、GSH、AsA、H₂O₂和MDA含量均在一定时期显著增加(P<0.05);在中度干旱胁迫下SOD、APX和GR活性均长期无显著变化,但重度干旱胁迫下SOD与APX活性均有显著增加(P<0.05),GR活性则长期显著降低(P<0.05);在中度及重度干旱胁迫下柠条的CAT、AsA和GSH具有重要抗氧化保护作用,此外SOD与CAT良好的协同作用及中度干旱胁迫下AsA、GSH、GR与APX良好的协同作用下,能使对活性氧的清除更加有效;干旱诱导的氧化胁迫与氧化伤害在重度胁迫时更早发生。     

土壤石油污染下柠条生长反应与抗氧化保护响应

为探讨柠条(Caragana korshinskii)对石油污染的耐受性及耐受机制,采用盆栽试验,于2012年7-9月测定了不同浓度石油污染(0、5、10、15和20 g·kg-1,原油·干土-1)土壤中一年生柠条幼苗的生长指标、抗氧化指标及过氧化氢(H2O2)含量的动态变化。结果表明,石油浓度为5 g·kg-1时,对柠条生长影响不显著,10～20 g·kg-1时抑制柠条生长;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)在土壤石油污染胁迫下发挥了重要的抗氧化保护作用,而过氧化物酶(CAT)活性长时间受抑制,类胡萝卜素(Car)也表现出明显的降解现象;石油浓度为5和10 g·kg-1时,H2O2无显著积累,15和20 g·kg-1时H2O2积累。总体上,整个土壤石油胁迫期间,SOD与CAT协同作用被削弱;石油在较高浓度(15和20 g·kg-1),APX、GR、AsA与GSH协同作用表现突出,Halliwell-AsAda循环高效启动;10 g·kg-1浓度应是柠条对土壤石油污染的耐受阈值。     

The effect of buparvaquone treatment on the levels of some antioxidant vitamins, lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase in cattle with theileriosis.

Plasma levels of vitamins A, E, beta carotene, both plasma and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were investigated in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata and treated with buparvaquone. There were two groups each containing 30 cattle. Naturally infected cattle were used in the second group. Buparvaquone (2.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered to animals in the second group. Blood samples were taken from control animals, and immediately before treatment, and from animals 10 days after the injection of buparvaquone. Detection of the infected animals was carried out by blood smears. Plasma vitamins A, E, beta carotene, both plasma and erythrocyte GSHPx, LPO and GSH levels were determined. The levels of LPO in plasma and erythrocyte samples were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) higher after treatment than in either control animals or before treatment. Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin E and beta carotene were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) lower after treatment than in either control animals or before treatment, while the vitamin E level was found to be higher before treatment than in either the control group or animals after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The levels of vitamin A in plasma and the activity of GSHPx and GSH in both plasma and erythrocytes in control animals after and before treatment did not differ significantly. In conclusion, we observed that there was a decreased plasma level of vitamin E and beta carotene and an increased level of LPO in cattle treated with buparvaquone. Buparvaquone might function in the treatment of Theileria annulata by forming free radicals.     

Effect of short-term hypothermia on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in rats

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of short-term hypothermia on blood malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) concentrations in rats. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were used weighing 180-200 g and on average 3.5 months old. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control (without cooling) and hypothermic (with cooling). The rats of the hypothermic group were cooled by immersion into cold water (10-12 degrees C), and the control rats were immersed into water of body temperature (37 degrees C) up to the neck without using any anaesthetic or tranquilizer for 3 min Rectal body temperatures of both groups were measured and blood samples to analyse MDA, GSH, SOD, GSH, GSH-Px and G-6-PD were collected immediately after the treatment. It was found that the MDA level was higher and the GSH and G-6-PD levels were lower in the hypothermic group than those in the controls. There was no difference between the control or hypothermic group regarding SOD or GSH-Px levels. It is concluded that acute hypothermia increased the lipid peroxidation and decreased the GSH and G-6-PD levels in rats.     

GSH对铅胁迫下多年生黑麦草幼苗抗氧化系统的调控

本试验以12周龄的多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne ‘cuttle’）幼苗为试验材料,用铅（Lead,Pb）,Pb+还原型谷胱甘肽（Glutathione,GSH）和Pb+丁硫氨酸-亚砜亚胺（L-Buthionine-sulfoximine,BSO）处理1周,研究GSH对Pb胁迫下多年生黑麦草抗氧化系统的调控机理,寻求缓解植物Pb胁迫的有效措施。结果表明：Pb胁迫下,外源GSH能够显著提高多年生黑麦草Pb的吸收和转运,增加抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Glutathione peroxidase,GPX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（Glutathione reductase,GR）活性,显著增加抗氧化剂GSH含量及GSH/氧化型谷胱甘肽（Oxidized glutathione,GSSG）比率,提高了植物的还原力。外源GSH也能够显著降低活性氧超氧阴离子（Superoxide anion,O₂^·-）和过氧化氢（Hydrogen peroxide,H₂O₂）的产生量、膜的相对透性（Relative electric conductivity,EC）和丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量,保持了细胞的稳定性,减轻了膜脂的过氧化程度。外源BSO作用基本上与GSH相反。相关分析表明：GSH可通过提高SOD和GPX等抗氧化酶的活性,促进GSSG和GSH的相互转化,降低活性氧产生量,提高植物抵抗逆境胁迫的能力。     

Dogs with Hepatozoon canis respond to the oxidative stress by increased production of glutathione and nitric oxide

Canine hepatozoonosis is a disease caused by the tick-borne protozoan Hepatozoon spp. It has been reported in the United States, southern Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the Far East. In Turkey, canine hepatozoonosis was reported for the first time in 1933. In the present study, serum glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and ceruloplasmin levels were analysed in 14 dogs infected with Hepatozoon canis as well as in 10 healthy dogs. Blood smears were prepared from peripheral blood and ticks were collected for identification in the laboratory. Rhipicephalus sanguineus was found only on diseased dogs. No ticks were observed on healthy dogs. The diagnosis of H. canis is made mainly by the detection of gametocytes within neutrophils and monocytes. The haematological diagnosis was confirmed using PCR analyses by amplifying a partial 18S rRNA gene sequence of Hepatozoon spp. Infection was detected in 14 animals. Compared to controls, the serum GSH, MDA and NO levels in infected animals increased significantly (p<0.05, <0.01 for MDA), whereas the concentrations of ceruloplasmin in diseased animals remained unaltered. The results of the present study suggest that in dogs infected with H. canis increased levels of GSH, MDA and NO may be related to host's defences against parasitic infection.     

中国芒幼苗对PEG胁迫的生理响应

以 PEG-6000为渗透介质模拟干旱胁迫, 对中国芒(Miscanthus sinensis)幼苗的生理特性进行了研究。随着PEG胁迫时间的延长, 丙二醛(MDA)、相对电导率逐渐升高, 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、抗坏血酸(ASA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)呈先升高后降低的趋势, 但不同浓度PEG胁迫条件下, 各指标的变化幅度不同。低浓度PEG(≤10%)各指标都能基本维持与对照相似的水平;高浓度PEG(≥20%)下, 各指标与对照均差异显著, 这说明中国芒幼苗能忍受低于20%的PEG胁迫, 具有一定的抗旱能力, 但浓度超过20%的PEG会对中国芒幼苗造成严重干旱胁迫, 甚至导致其死亡。     

Effects of a skullcap root supplement on haematology,serum parameters and antioxidant enzymes in rabbits on a high‐cholesterol diet

We studied the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis root on blood parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities in rabbits fed a high‐cholesterol diet. Thirty‐two New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups of eight animals each. They were fed a standard diet (C group), a diet with a 1% pure cholesterol supplement (CH group), a diet with a 1% pure cholesterol supplement and a 9% skullcap root supplement (CH + SR group), or a diet with a 9% skullcap root supplement (SR group). After 6 weeks, the rabbits fed the high‐cholesterol diet had significantly decreased RBC and Hb levels and significantly increased MCV, MCH and Fe levels (p ≤ 0.05). The skullcap root supplement had no adverse effects on the haematological parameters. The values for RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC were similar in the skullcap root‐treated and control rabbits. We also observed a remarkable elevation in the serum TC, LDL and TG levels at the end of the 6‐week period. The rabbits fed the cholesterol diet showed decreased activity of the erythrocyte GSH‐Px compared with the rabbits fed the basal diet. The GSH‐Px activity was significantly higher in the rabbits fed the CH + SR diet than in those on the CH diet. The erythrocyte SOD activity was also significantly decreased in the rabbits on the CH diet. However, the CH + SR group rabbits showed significantly enhanced erythrocyte SOD activity. The SOD level in the CH + SR rabbits was 34.91 U/ml, which was a 23% increase (p ≤ 0.05) in relation to the results for the CH group and only 15% diminished in relation to the control group. These results suggest that the dietary supplementation of skullcap root may improve rabbit antioxidant systems and protect against the risks from a high‐cholesterol diet.     

Antioxidant and haematological biomarkers in different groups of horses supplemented with polyunsaturated oil and vitamin E

Oxidative stress has been correlated with pathologies that impair the performance of athlete horses. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with a mixture of polyunsaturated oil and vitamin E on the antioxidant and haematological biomarkers of horses. Horses under maintenance care (n = 6) and horses in training (n = 10) received 100 and 300 ml of the oil mixture respectively. Supplementation was provided for a period of 8 weeks, together with isocaloric inclusion. Blood samples were collected at three time periods (pretest, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks) to analyse the following: the red blood cell count (RBCc); haemoglobin (Hb); haematocrit (HT); leucocytes; lymphocytes; platelets; the mean corpuscular volume (MCV); the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); the standard deviation of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW‐SD); the coefficient of variation of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW‐CV); glutathione peroxidase (GPx); superoxide dismutase (SOD); uric acid (UrAc); total plasma proteins (TPP); and creatine kinase (CK). After the 8 weeks of supplementation, animals under maintenance care exhibited significant increases in SOD, UrAc, the white blood cell count (WBCc), the RDW‐SD and the RDW‐CV (p < 0.05). The animals in training exhibited increases in GPx, SOD and UrAc (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with polyunsaturated oil and vitamin E increases blood antioxidants among animals under maintenance and in training, with different trends, while contributing to the fight against oxidative stress in each group analysed.     

还原型谷胱甘肽对氟中毒小鼠附睾的影响

试验旨在研究还原型谷胱甘肽（reduced glutathione,GSH）对氟中毒小鼠附睾的影响。将50只3周龄ICR雄性小鼠随机分为5组,分别为对照组和4组染氟组。对照组饮用蒸馏水,染氟组分别供给含100 mg/L NaF的蒸馏水,自由饮水30 d。之后在染氟组中选择3组每日分别灌胃200、400和800 mg/（kg·只）GSH,同时各组小鼠再自由饮含氟水30 d。试验结束后,摘取小鼠附睾进行活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）、GSH含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GSTs）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性检测,同时制作石蜡切片,HE染色后进行组织形态结构分析。结果显示,与对照组相比,100 mg/L NaF组精子密度、精子活力、GSH含量、GPx和GR活性均显著下降（P<0.05）,而GSH添加组较100 mg/L NaF组均有所升高;100 mg/L NaF组精子畸形率、ROS和MDA含量较对照组均显著升高（P<0.05）,而GSH添加组较100 mg/L NaF组均降低,其中800 mg/kg GSH组效果明显。与对照组相比,100 mg/L NaF组附睾头、附睾体及附睾尾管腔厚度升高,管腔内精子数量下降;GSH添加组附睾头、附睾体及附睾尾的管腔厚度与管腔内精子数量都有所恢复,其中800 mg/kg GSH组效果较好。综上所述,添加GSH后氟中毒小鼠谷胱甘肽抗氧化系统酶活性有所升高,附睾组织形态结构一定程度上有所恢复,对附睾有一定的改善作用。     

Gill oxidative stress and histopathological biomarkers of pollution impacts in Nile tilapia from Lake Mariut and Lake Edku, Egypt

Various oxidative stress and histopathological biomarkers in gill tissues of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were investigated. Fish were collected from four sites that differ in their extent of pollution load, including heavy metals: the southeast basin (SEB), main basin (MB), and northwest basin (NWB) of Lake Mariut; and Boughaz El-Maadiya, a channel in Lake Edku. The oxidative stress biomarkers that were analyzed included lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione redox cycle enzymes (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and glutathione reductase [GR]). Levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were also evaluated. Gill morphology was analyzed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Gill LPO was significantly higher in gill tissues of fish collected from the more heavily contaminated MB (40.0%) and NWB (51.4%) sites than in gill samples from the less-contaminated (reference) site, the SEB. Gill LPO in fish from Lake Edku was intermediate but was not significantly higher (17.1%) than the reference. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the redox-sensitive thiol compound GSH were significantly lower in gill samples from the disturbed sites than in samples from the reference site. Specifically, SOD in MB, NWB, and Lake Edku samples; CAT and GPx in NWB samples; and GR activity and GSH content in MB and NWB samples were lower than those in SEB samples. In most cases, gill tissues from Lake Edku fish had intermediate levels of antioxidants. The main histopathological alterations observed in gills were epithelial lifting, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, and aneurysms. In addition, SEM results demonstrated transformation of the surface structure of epithelial pavement cells. Pathological reactions in the gills of Nile tilapia were most severe at the MB and NWB sites. Our findings suggest that Nile tilapia responded differently according to the environmental stress index in each sampling area. This study is the first to report gill oxidative stress and histopathologies in Nile tilapia from Egyptian aquatic environments.     

硒源与硒水平对军曹鱼幼鱼生长性能、肝脏和血清抗氧化指标及组织硒含量的影响

本试验旨在研究硒源和硒水平对军曹鱼幼鱼生长性能、肝脏和血清抗氧化指标及组织硒含量的影响,以确定军曹鱼幼鱼对不同硒源的最适需要量。在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照)、0.3、0.6、0.9和1.2 mg/kg(以硒计)的亚硒酸钠(Se-S)或蛋氨酸硒(Se-Met),配制9种试验饲料(共用对照饲料),饱食投喂初始体重为(22.18±0.35)g的军曹鱼幼鱼10周。每种试验饲料投喂3个网箱(重复),每个网箱放养30尾试验鱼。结果表明:1)硒水平对特定生长率(SGR)和增重率(WGR)有极显著影响(P0.01),但对成活率(SR)和饲料系数(FCR)无显著影响(P0.05);硒源及硒源与硒水平的交互作用对SGR、W GR、FCR和SR均无显著影响(P0.05)。SGR和W GR随着硒水平的升高先升高后降低。2)硒水平极显著影响肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量及血清GSH-Px活性(P0.01),并显著影响血清GR活性(P0.05);硒源极显著影响肝脏GR、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和MDA含量及血清T-SOD活性(P0.01);硒源和硒水平的交互作用显著影响肝脏CAT活性和MDA含量及血清T-SOD活性(P0.05)。肝脏和血清GSH-Px活性随着硒水平的升高呈先升高后稳定趋势,GR活性呈先下降后稳定趋势。2种硒源均在添加量为0.9 mg/kg时有最高的肝脏GSH-Px活性,最低的肝脏GR活性。肝脏CAT活性随着硒水平的升高逐渐升高。3)脊椎骨、全鱼和肝脏硒含量随硒水平的升高而增加。硒源极显著影响脊椎骨硒含量(P0.01),硒源和硒水平的交互作用极显著影响肝脏和脊椎骨硒含量(P0.01)。以蛋氨酸硒和亚硒酸钠为硒源,通过二次回归曲线分析得出饲料硒水平分别为1.29和1.46 mg/kg时军曹鱼幼鱼可以获得最大SGR。以SGR和全鱼硒含量为判据,军曹鱼幼鱼对蛋氨酸硒的生物利用率分别相当于亚硒酸钠的1.20和2.90倍。     

不同体质量建鲤血清和组织中抗氧化指标的变化

本试验旨在研究建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)幼鱼期(18～75 g)随体质量增加,机体和组织器官中抗氧化酶活性和非酶抗氧化物质含量以及抗超氧阴离子自由基能力(ASA)和抗羟自由基能力(AHA)的变化规律.试验选用均初体质量为(18.0±0.20)g的健康建鲤750尾,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾.所有试验鱼饲喂相同的试验饲料,每隔14d称重取样1次,称重后,分别取血液、肝胰脏、肠道和肌肉组织测定抗氧化指标,共取5次.结果表明:血清、肝胰脏、肠道和肌肉中丙二醛和蛋白质羰基含量随体质量增加而显著降低(P＜0.05),分别在体质量达31.4和58.6g以后达到稳态(P＞0.05);ASA和AHA随体质量增加而显著增强(P＜0.05),均在体质量达40.1g以后达到稳态(P＞0.05);超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性随体质量增加而显著提高(P＜0.05),均在体质量达40.1g以后达到稳态(P＞0.05);谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性随体质量增加而显著提高(P＜0.05),均在体质量达31.4g以后达到稳态(P＞0.05);还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量随体质量增加而显著提高(P＜0.05),分别在体质量达31.4、31.4、31.4和58.6g以后达到稳态(P＞0.05).综上所述,建鲤幼鱼随体质量增加,血清和组织中SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和GST等抗氧化酶活性逐渐增强,低分子抗氧化物质GSH含量逐渐提高,从而使得ASA和AHA逐渐增强,脂质过氧化和蛋白质氧化产物含量逐渐降低,并最终达到稳态.     

Antioxidant defence system of boar cauda epididymidal spermatozoa and reproductive tract fluids

Antioxidants secreted by the reproductive tract protect spermatozoa against the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after ejaculation. This study aimed at characterizing the level of antioxidant protection in boar cauda epididymidal spermatozoa and fluids of the cauda epididymidis, vesicular and prostate glands. Also, this study investigated the effect of a 5-h period of dialysis on the antioxidant capacity of boar seminal plasma. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) activities were monitored in the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa or reproductive tract fluids. Also, the concentrations of total glutathione (GSH + GSSG), L-ergothioneine (ERT) and l-ascorbate and the total antioxidant status (TAS) of the fluids were measured. It was found that the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa exhibited high SOD activity and relatively low activity of PHGPx. The relative amounts of GPx, GR and GST activities in the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa were negligible, whereas CAT activity was undetectable. Greater SOD activity was found in the fluids of the cauda epididymidis and prostate gland. Furthermore, the prostate gland fluid appeared to be the main source of CAT activity in the seminal plasma, whereas the highest level of GPx activity was derived from the cauda epididymidal fluid. The reproductive tract fluids exhibited negligible amounts of GR and GST activities. It seemed that the significant amounts of GSH + GSSG, ERT and L-ascorbate in the reproductive tract fluids could have an ameliorative effect on the level of TAS in the seminal plasma. Dialysis had a marked effect on the total antioxidant capacity of the seminal plasma, which was manifested in greater activity of SOD and GPx. The findings of this study confirmed that the scavenging potential of the seminal plasma is dependent on the contributions of different antioxidants, originating in various fluids of boar reproductive tract.     

滞育发动前家蚕滞育性与非滞育性卵的谷胱甘肽氧化还原循环状态分析

为了调查滞育和非滞育性家蚕卵的谷胱甘肽氧化还原循环在滞育发动前是否存在差异,利用分光光度法检测滞育发动前(25℃中蚕卵产下后0～24 h)滞育与非滞育蚕卵的谷胱甘肽含量和相关代谢酶活性。滞育发动前,滞育性家蚕卵中的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量、总谷胱甘肽(GSH+2GSSG)含量和GSH/GSSG比值变化不显著,谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性变化不显著,但硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶(TPX)活性下降23%,谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性升高57%;非滞育性家蚕卵中的GSH含量及TPX和GST活性变化不显著,但GSSG含量升高61%,GSH+2GSSG含量升高41%,GSH/GSSG比值下降33%,GR活性下降16%。与非滞育性家蚕卵相比,滞育发动前滞育性家蚕卵中的GSH含量、GSSG含量和GSH+2GSSG含量较低,GSH/GSSG比值较高,TPX活性较低,GST活性无显著差异,GR活性较高。两种蚕卵中都未能检测到谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)和硫氧还蛋白还原酶(TrxR)活性。结果表明,滞育发动前滞育性家蚕卵中较低的TPX活性和较高的GR活性共同导致较高的GSH/GSSG比值,使其谷胱甘肽氧化还原循环处于相对还原态。     

日粮添加谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪抗氧化能力的影响

本试验选用大长北母猪产仔猪45头,21日龄断奶并宰杀5头公仔猪作为哺乳对照,其余40头随机分为试验组和对照组,每组20头公母各半。试验组日粮添加1.2％的谷氨酰胺,以研究添加GLN对早期断奶仔猪血浆GLN浓度以及血浆、肝脏、肠粘膜、肠系膜淋巴结和脾脏中GSH和SOD水平的影响。结果表明:试验组仔猪28日龄和35日龄血浆GLN水平极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;试验组仔猪,血浆还原型谷胱甘肽水平35日龄和49日龄时高于对照组（P<0.01）;肝脏和肠系膜淋巴结中还原型谷胱甘肽35日龄时高于对照组（P<0.01,P<0.05）,49日龄时有增加但差异不显著;肠道和脾脏中还原型谷胱甘肽含量与对照组相比有增加,但差异不显著。添加谷氨酰胺后,仔猪35日龄时肝脏和49日龄脾脏中SOD均极显著低于未添加组（P<0.01）。由此可见,日粮中添加GLN可以缓解由于早期断奶引起的血浆GLN水平降低,并对维持体内还原型谷胱甘肽起重要作用。     

维生素E对秦川牛冷冻精液的抗氧化保护作用

本试验旨在研究维生素E对秦川牛细管冷冻精液品质和精浆中抗氧化酶活性的影响.在稀释液中分别添加0.00、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10 mg·mL~(-1)的维生素E,将细管冻精解冻(37.5℃,30 s)后用伟力精子分析系统分析精子活力和精子顶体完整率等标准参数,并用相关试剂盒测定精浆中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性.结果表明:当维生素E添加量为0.04mg·mL~(-1)时,精子活力与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),SOD、GSH、CAT 3种酶活性与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05).当维生素E的添加量为0.06 mg·mL~(-1)时,冷冻-解冻后精子活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05),顶体完整率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);GR和CAT酶活性与对照组相比均差异显著(P<0.05).当维生素E的添加量为0.08 mg·mL~(-1)时,精子活力、活率及顶体完整率与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),GSH与对照相组比差异极显著(P<0.01),GR及CAT与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05).在冷冻精液稀释液中添加维生素E可以有效提高冷冻-解冻后秦川牛精液品质及精浆中SOD、CAT、GSH、GR酶的活性,稀释液中维生素E的适宜添加量为0.04～0.08 mg·mL~(-1).