青藏高原东缘高寒草甸19种马先蒿属植物种皮纹饰特征及其生物学意义

对分布于青藏高原东缘高寒草甸的19种常见的马先蒿属植物的种皮纹饰进行了扫描电镜观察研究,结果发现,该属植物种子表面纹饰有4种不同类型,即网纹型、膜质网纹、海绵质网纹和条纹型;膜质网纹可能是最进化的类型,海绵质网纹次之;网底为平滑的膜、膜下为精细网状,可能是网纹中较进化的类型,网底为精细网状结构的网纹次之,网底为密集不规则突起的网纹是网纹中的原始类型。条纹是原始特征,并向网纹演化;种皮纹饰具有一定的生物学意义,膜质的结构可能对种子有保温作用;另一方面海绵质网状结构及网纹中网底的精细网状结构可能还有利于种子在萌发时吸收水分。     

蒙古高原鸦葱属植物的花粉形态研究

用扫描电子显微镜观察了蒙古高原鸦葱属植物10个种的花粉形态.该属的花粉形态基本可分两个类型,一类极面观为六边形,赤道面观近圆形,具三孔沟,表面纹饰为大网,网脊上具圆锥状刺;另一类极面观为三裂圆形,赤道面观为圆形,少数椭圆形,具三孔沟,表面纹饰为成列的圆锥状刺,有些刺间具小颗粒或网纹.另外,观察了河西菊的花粉,其形状为球状多面体,单萌发孔,表面饰纹为大网,网脊上具小穿孔、颗粒和少而短的刺、与鸦葱属的花粉有较大差别.     

蒙古高原鸦葱属植物的花粉形态研究

用扫描电子显微镜观察了蒙古高原鸦葱属植物１０个种的花粉形态。该必的花粉形态基本可分两个类型,一类极面观为六边形,赤道面观近圆形,具三孔沟,表面纹饰为大网,网脊上具圆锥状刺;另一类极面观为三裂圆形,赤道面观为圆形,少数椭圆形,具三孔沟,表面纹饰为成列的圆锥状刺,有些刺间具小颗粒或网纹。另外,观察了河西菊的花粉,其形状为球状多面体,单萌发孔,表面饰纹为大网,网脊上具小穿孔、颗粒和少而短的刺、与鸦葱属的     

3种香根草属植物叶表皮微形态特征研究

运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜的方法,对3种香根草属植物的叶表皮微形态特征进行观察和比较。结果表明,香根草属3个种的叶表皮皆由长细胞、短细胞、气孔器、微毛、刺毛、大毛和乳突所组成。长细胞为长方形,垂周壁呈深波状或浅波状,短细胞有哑铃形、十字形,结节形;气孔器均为纵列型,副卫细胞为圆屋顶形至三角形;上下表皮都具微毛和乳突,下表皮还具刺毛和大毛;叶片表面有一层厚厚的角质膜,并常有条状隆起。该研究说明香根草属植物叶表皮微形态既有种间相似的特征,又存在一定的特异性,可为本属种间的分类及其抗逆机理提供依据。     

我国柃属蜜源资源概况（一）

柃属植物是山茶科植物的一个属,俗称山桂花、野茶、野桂花、小茶花等。世界上有130多种,分布在亚洲的热带、亚热带及西南太平洋各岛屿上。我国有81种和13个变种,大部分分布在长江以南各省,少数种类延伸到长江以北。柃属植物在养蜂生产上有重要价值,是我国生产优质商品蜜的主要蜜源,所产蜂蜜品质极佳,被视为蜜中珍品。本文对我国40种柃属蜜源植物资源的形态特征、分布地区和开花期作简要介绍。1 形态特征柃多为常绿灌木或小乔木,个别种类是大乔木。嫩枝圆柱形或具2棱,个别种类具4棱,被有柔毛或短柔毛、微毛,有的种类无毛。叶多数种类为革质…     

东北唇形科(Lamiaceae)果实形态与解剖特征及其分类学价值

本文首次采用了GMA半薄切片和厚壁区域细胞分离法,深入研究了东北唇形科52种及5变种(位于4亚科26属)的果实形态结构。结果显示,果实多为三棱形,有的物种果实的棱延伸形成翅。果实表面光滑、具网纹或不同类型的毛状体(包括头状或盾状腺毛,单细胞、单列多细胞或分枝非腺毛)。着生面多为圆形,少为直线形或“V”形。果皮分为外果皮、中果皮、厚壁区域和内果皮。晶体常存在厚壁区域。本研究完善了东北唇形科果实形态学,并为进一步研究中国唇形科果实结构和分类学以及分子系统学奠定了基础。     

甘肃几种中草药蜜源植物

一、玫瑰Rosarugosa Thunb 别名:刺梅花。蔷薇科植物。形态特征:直立落叶灌木。茎丛生直立,高1～2米,密生皮刺和刺毛。奇数羽状复叶互生,小叶5～9枚,叶片椭圆形,边缘具细锯齿,叶面深绿色,托叶大部分附于叶柄上。花单生或2～6朵聚生,花紫红色至白色,有芳香气味,直径6～8厘米。瘦果肉质,红色。     

新疆特克斯县蜜源植物及保护措施

<正>特克斯县地处昭特盆地东侧,属温带气候,特别适合养蜂业的发展,蜂群所需蜜粉源植物覆盖了整个县域。其主要蜜粉源植物有油菜、玉米、油葵、杏树、苹果、榆树、野党参、百里香、野薄荷等。辅助蜜粉源植物有柳树、"雪花"、蒲公英、黑刺、黄刺、红豆草、     

基于ITS序列分析蒲公英质量评价体系的建立

为确定蒲公英属植物的系统分类关系;通过测定我国东北地区10种蒲公英植物5.8S r DNA和28S r DNA基因间隔序列(ITS),并应用Mega 3.1程序构建系统发育树。ITS组成结果表明,蒲公英属植物ITS序列在730 bp左右,碱基序列种间差异明显,但G+C含量稳定均在50%左右,此ITS序列分析可进行蒲公英属种间分类鉴定。ITS序列构建的系统发育关系表明,ITS序列证据与蒲公英属植物形态特征基本一致,显示密切的亲缘关系,其中第一个单系群自展支持率为79%,第二分支为100%,这两大类蒲公英聚类结果与《中国植物志》分类结果一致;但东北蒲公英ITS序列聚类与《中国植物志》中分类阶元存在一定差异。试验探讨蒲公英属植物的种间关系及其系统进化,研究结果进一步验证蒲公英属传统分类系统的准确性,其结果支持之前所研究的形态学、微形态学、细胞学及相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)的数据结果。     

12种百合属植物花粉形态扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对百合属4个野生种和8个栽培品种的花粉形态进行了观察和比较。结果表明,12个百合品种中4个野生种(细叶百合、兰州百合、卷丹和大花卷丹)和4个栽培种(布鲁赛尔、普瑞头、多安娜和红骑士)的花粉粒形状为椭球体,另外4个栽培种(阿尔格夫、耶罗林、萨莫和西伯利亚)为长椭球体。脊宽为1.20~2.78 μm,多由盘珠状颗粒或瘤状颗粒组成;网眼大小2.11~7.66 μm,多为不规则多边形至近圆形,大小不一,部分有刺状或粒状突起,少数无突起。大花卷丹和红骑士花粉的表面纹饰为单、双排基柱并存网纹,其他10个品种均为单基柱网纹。花粉粒均以单粒形式存在,极面观为椭球体,赤道面观为舟形,具单沟萌发孔,沟长达两端。通过对12个百合品种花粉形态特征比较及聚类分析表明,细叶百合与兰州百合、卷丹与大花卷丹、阿尔格夫与萨莫、普瑞头与多安娜亲缘关系较近,12个种大致可以划分为3大类群。     

喜马拉雅紫茉莉瘦果粘液对种子低温萌发的保护

以采自西藏林芝的喜玛拉雅紫茉莉(Mirabilis himalaica)瘦果为材料,了解瘦果结构组成、淀粉颗粒对瘦果TTC活性检测的影响,及不同吸胀时间瘦果抵抗低温胁迫的效果,以揭示瘦果分泌粘液在萌发过程中的低温保护作用.结果表明:瘦果由果皮、种皮、胚和淀粉颗粒组成,淀粉影响了TTC检测细胞活性的准确性,并发现成熟瘦果有分泌粘液的特性;瘦果发芽的适温为15℃;TTC法检测瘦果细胞活力显示,吸胀72 h是研究低温胁迫对喜马拉雅紫茉莉瘦果萌发影响的较适宜时间;吸胀72 h的瘦果低温胁迫处理后再进行萌发试验,-5℃和-10℃处理的瘦果在发芽进程中后期有粘液瘦果发芽率比去掉粘液瘦果的发芽率高8.3%左右.     

Significance of a common extended mucosal interface observed in transverse small intestine sonograms

An echogenic stripe can be seen through the mucosal layer on either side of the ultrasonographic image of a bowel loop in cross-section. The mucosa is a continuous layer surrounding the intestinal lumen; thus it should appear as a continuous hypoechoic band with no bright stripe in it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the origin of this stripe and to determine whether it is an artifact. Intestinal cross-sectional images were obtained using different transducer types and frequencies. In vivo and in vitro, different angles of insonification were used and, in vitro, bowel loops were also fluid filled during an ultrasonographic examination, to assess the potential influence of intestinal shape and position on this stripe. Some of these loops were evaluated histologically to determine if the echogenic stripe had a histologic basis. The echogenic stripe was present only when the loop was flattened. It remained on each side of the maximal cross-sectional width and disappeared when this width was parallel to the ultrasound beam, or when the bowel loop had a completely round shape and was dilated. There was no influence of transducer type, shape, or frequency on the appearance of the line. Histologically, uneven and larger distance between the mucosal villi could be seen on either side of the bowel loop corresponding to the location of the echogenic stripe seen on the ultrasonographic images. In conclusion, the occasional echogenic stripe represents an interface within the mucosa due to altered position of villi on either side of the maximal intestinal cross-sectional width in collapsed bowel segment.     

16种野豌豆属植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

野豌豆属牧草适宜在高寒和高海拔地区栽培,是我国高原牧区重要的蛋白饲料来源。该属有190个物种,4个亚属:Vicia,Cracca,Ervum和Faba。本研究从中国、美国、土耳其和叙利亚等11个国家收集了16份野豌豆属牧草种质,利用扫描电镜对这16份材料的花粉形态进行观察。结果表明,野豌豆属植物花粉均以单粒形式存在,极面观为三裂圆形和三角形,赤道面观为扁圆形、长椭圆形和椭圆形。三沟萌发孔,沟长深入两端;极轴长为(9.60±1.52)(30.40±2.07) μm,赤道轴长为(11.80±0.84)(38.20±0.84) μm。花粉的表面纹饰呈3种类型:网状纹饰,脑状纹饰和疣状纹饰。网状纹饰根据外壁纹饰疏松程度不同,又可分为2种亚类型:粗网状纹饰和细网状纹饰。本研究较为系统地观察了16个野豌豆属牧草的花粉形态,探讨了其系统分类学特性,为揭示野豌豆属种质资源的遗传多样性奠定了基础。     

甘肃陇南冬小麦条锈病气象等级预测模型的建立与应用

甘肃陇南地区是中国小麦（Triticum aestivum）条锈病菌核心越夏区,其越夏菌量对中国中东部来年春季小麦条锈病发生发展程度影响很大。本研究利用陇南冬麦区14个代表站点1990-2007年的气象资料和条锈病资料,依病田率将气象条件划分为5个等级,采用逐步回归方法建立了小麦条锈病气象等级预测模型。经历史回代检验,预测模型误差达2个等级的占12%,完全准确的为25%;对于实际病害等级为1~2级的气象等级拟合误差达2个等级的为23%,其他都在1个等级之内,预测效果良好。     

短时强光处理对金心吊兰光合特性的影响

强光胁迫常常导致植物的叶绿素含量下降,但是叶绿素合成受阻的突变体在光胁迫下会发生怎样的生理生化变化目前未见报道。本研究以金心吊兰为材料,研究了同一叶片的不同区带对短时强光胁迫的生理响应。结果表明,1)在正常的光照下,金心部分PSⅡ的活性显著低于其他部分,但活性氧含量却维持在较高的水平;2)在强光胁迫的6 h内,金心部分的活性氧波动不大,抗氧化酶活性变化也较小,均低于其他部分;3)短时强光胁迫导致吊兰叶片的非光化学淬灭上升,而金心部分上升幅度较少,说明吸收的过多光能在金心部分不是以热耗散的形式消耗,并且金心部分能在较短的时间内恢复到胁迫前的非光化学淬灭水平。     

Survey of porcine proliferative enteritis in the Tohoku District of Japan

A survey of proliferative enteritis (PE) in pigs at a meat processing plant was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing methods. During the investigation period, 227 of 83,717 pigs brought to the meat processing plant from Iwate, Fukushima, Miyagi, Niigata, and Yamagata Prefectures displayed characteristic general pathological features in terminal ileum, including mucosal hypertrophy and reticulation of serosal surface. Of these, 179 cases were further examined in the laboratory. All cases displayed characteristic histopathological features, and the specific band of the Lawsonia intracellularis (Li) causative agent of PE in pigs was detected in 155 cases by PCR testing methods. These results suggested a general infiltration of Li in the Tohoku district.     

Individual automatic detection and identification of big cats with the combination of different body parts

The development of facial recognition technology has become an increasingly powerful tool in wild animal individual recognition. In this paper, we develop an automatic detection and recognition method with the combinations of body features of big cats based on the deep convolutional neural network (CNN). We collected dataset including 12 244 images from 47 individual Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) at the Siberian Tiger Park by mobile phones and digital camera and 1940 images and videos of 12 individual wild Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis) by infrared cameras. First, the single shot multibox detector algorithm is used to perform the automatic detection process of feature regions in each image. For the different feature regions of the image, like face stripe or spots, CNNs and multi-layer perceptron models were applied to automatically identify tiger and leopard individuals, independently. Our results show that the identification accuracy of Amur tiger can reach up to 93.27% for face front, 93.33% for right body stripe, and 93.46% for left body stripe. Furthermore, the combination of right face, left body stripe, and right body stripe achieves the highest accuracy rate, up to 95.55%. Consequently, the combination of different body parts can improve the individual identification accuracy. However, it is not the higher the number of body parts, the higher the accuracy rate. The combination model with 3 body parts has the highest accuracy. The identification accuracy of Amur leopard can reach up to 86.90% for face front, 89.13% for left body spots, and 88.33% for right body spots. The accuracy of different body parts combination is lower than the independent part. For wild Amur leopard, the combination of face with body spot part is not helpful for the improvement of identification accuracy. The most effective identification part is still the independent left or right body spot part. It can be applied in long-term monitoring of big cats, including big data analysis for animal behavior, and be helpful for the individual identification of other wildlife species.     

豆状囊尾蚴的超微结构观察

本研究旨在观察豆状囊尾蚴在不同状态下的超微结构。从肉联厂屠宰检验采取豆状囊尾蚴,直接剪破囊泡从中取出豆状囊尾蚴;或用含10%胆汁生理盐水培养囊尾蚴,待其从囊泡中翻出后,用扫描电镜观察和记录。位于囊泡内的头节,从其顶端观察,顶突呈伞状,皮肌柱连接小钩覆盖于头节的前端。从侧面观察,一排有鹿角样的小钩附着于顶突。4个吸盘呈洞穴状位于顶突之后分布在头节的四周。原始颈节较宽,体节较细,表面均有许多皱褶。培养后的豆状囊尾蚴可明显区分为头节、颈节、体节和囊泡区,顶突上的皮肌柱收缩,鹿角样的小钩向周围伸展,吸盘也发生环形和纵形收缩,颈节的环状收缩和体节的纵行收缩均明显可辨。豆状囊尾蚴处于不同状态时,其超微结构明显不同。