仔猪的胎次、断奶体重对仔猪断奶后生长和死亡率的影响

有时候,人们有了信息之后才会提出问题,才会进行思考。BradLawrence和MattMusselman博士在2005AllenD·Leman养猪会议的研讨中说,勃林格殷格翰动物保健(美国)有限公司(BoehringerIngelheimVetmedica,Inc;即BIVI公司)的药物饲料研究小组成员正在调查研究该公司的泰妙菌素(tiamul     

High sensitivit to streptozotocin in herbivorous voles,Microtus arvalis,compared to mice

Herbivorous voles, Microtus arvalis, have characteristics similar to herbivores in that their hepatic glycolytic enzyme activities are relatively low. The effects of a single low dose (100 mg/kg body weight) of streptozotocin (STZ) in voles were studied and the difference in sensitivity to or toxicity of STZ in voles and C57BL/6 mice was compared. In voles which received STZ, the cumulative incidence of glycosuria reached 53% by 4 weeks after administration. The diabetic voles showed marked increas in their blood glucose and plasma free fatty acid concentrations and a significant decrease in plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations. Their hepatic hexokinase, glucokinase, glutathione peroxidase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities decreased significantly and lesions were widely observed in the liver, kidney and pancreas. The activities of glutathione peroxidase, a scavenger of H₂O₂, decreased significantly in their liver and pancreas. These changes were not observed in C57BL/6 mice which received STZ. The higher sensitivity to and toxicity of STZ in voles than in mice are considered to be caused by the characteristically low activities of glycolytic enzymes and glutathione peroxidase in the tissues of voles. Voles may be a good model for studying the mechanisms of cytotoxicity by STZ in herbivorous animals.Abbreviations GK glucokinase - GIDH glutamate dehydrogenase - GSH-px glutathione peroxidase - HE haematoxylin-eosin - HK nexokinase - IRI immunoreactive insulin - STZ streptozotocin     

Responses of horses to trailer design, duration, and floor area during commercial transportation to slaughter

Nine trailer loads of horses (n = 306) transported to slaughter facilities with distances ranging 596 to 2,496 km were studied to characterize the type of horses used in commercial markets and the physiological responses and number of injuries due to transportation under summer environmental conditions. Slaughter horse candidates were middle-aged (11.4+/-.4 yr), possessed moderately fleshy body condition, weighed 432+/-3.3 kg, and were of Quarter Horse or Thoroughbred breeding. The mean weight loss during commercial transport was 4%. The percentage of injured horses was greater (P < .05) for two-tiered "pot-belly" (29.2%) compared with straight-deck (8.0%) trailers; however, the stress indicators of cortisol and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and rectal temperature showed greater (P < .05) responses following transport in straight-deck trailers. As trip duration increased from 5 h 45 min to 30 h, muscle fatigue (lactate concentration) and dehydration (hematocrit and total protein concentration) were the major physiological considerations, especially in durations over 27 h. The percentage of horses injured was less (P < .05) in trailers with 1.14 to 1.31 m2 of floor area per horse than in trailers with 1.40 to 1.54 m2 of floor area per horse. However, most physiological responses (white blood cell count, total protein concentration, and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio) to transportation were less (P < .05) in horses provided with the greater floor area.     

Resistance of population-B equine strongyles to thiabendazole, oxfendazole, and phenothiazine (1981 to 1987)

Critical tests were completed on foals (n = 15) naturally infected with benzimidazole (BZ)-resistant population-B strongyles during the period between 1981 and 1987. Thiabendazole at a dosage of 44 mg/kg was tested in 8 foals, oxfendazole at 10 mg/kg was tested in 4 foals, and phenothiazine at 55 mg/kg, cambendazole at 20 mg/kg, and fenbendazole at 5 mg/kg were tested in 1 foal each. Efficacies of thiabendazole, cambendazole, and fenbendazole against the 5 species of BZ-resistant small strongyles (Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum coronatum, Cylicocylus nassatus, Cylicostephanus goldi, and Cylicostephanus longibursatus) were partial. Removals in the aggregate averaged 48%, 52%, and 68%, respectively, indicating continued resistance of the 5 species of small strongyles to thiabendazole, cambendazole, and fenbendazole. In contrast, oxfendazole was efficacious, removing an aggregate average of 95% of the 5 BZ-resistant species of small strongyles in the 4 foals. This apparent reversion to susceptibility to oxfendazole may be attributable to paucity of reference data (1 test foal) done in 1976. All 5 species of the BZ-resistant small strongyles had cross resistance to phenothiazine (38% aggregate removal), whereas 9 of the BZ-susceptible species were effectively (99%) removed. This suggests a similar mode of action between phenothiaznie and the BZ compounds.     

以变应变 顺势而上

一个重大事件到来之后,人们忙于应对。而事件的深层意义,往往需要事后若干时日,经过反思,人们才能看得清楚,并从而得出规律性的认识。俗语“事后诸葛亮”,常被用来讽刺那些没有预见性的人,其实,能事后明白,倒是难能可贵的。     

吃得放心用得安全

~~吃得放心 用得安全@华思言     

International disease monitoring, October to December, 2010

African swine fever in the Caucasus and Leningrad regions of Russia. Equine infectious anaemia in several EU member states. Foot-and-mouth disease in Bulgaria--the first in an EU member state since 2007. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in the Far East. West Nile virus in southern Europe. These are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for October to December 2010, prepared by Defra's Food and Farming Group, Veterinary Science Team.     

微量元素铜、铁、碘、钼对瘤胃微生物发酵的影响

在人类所知的100多种化学元素中,至少有28种为畜禽正常生长发育所必须,除C、H、O、N以外统称为矿物质。瘤胃微生物同其它有生命的有机体一样,需要不断地从它的外部环境中吸取所需要的各种物质。方能合成本身的细胞物质和提供机体所需要的能量,使机体能进行正常的生长和繁殖,保证生命能够维持和延续下去。因此,瘤胃微生物也需要矿物质。