3D pattern development of tight-fitting dress for an asymmetrical female manikin

Tight-fitting clothing pattern reflecting the accurate information of the 3D body shape has been one of the challenges for garment industry especially for those who have an abnormal body shape. The objective of the paper is to develop the process of making a final 2D pattern from 3D scanned surface with minimum errors that fit tightly to an asymmetrical female manikin and secondly, to verify the proposed pattern development process from the free drawn design line on the specific 3D body. On the continuum of the previous methodology which provided the precise flattening algorithm on the local 3D surface, total pattern making process was investigated step by step. Final 2D pattern was constructed using non-extensible fabric and the accuracy of the pattern was investigated by shell-shell deviation of original 3D nude and clothed image. Area of each pattern block and corresponding 3D surface block was compared, and the detailed view of the triangle arrangements for the final pattern examined, confirming the topology of the concave and convex surface reflected correctly in the pattern. As results, the accuracy of the tight-fit dress pattern was satisfactory even for the asymmetrical female manikin with prominent curvature.     

中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合产量优势形成及其形态生理特征

以中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合甬优2640、甬优1640为材料,常规粳稻镇稻11、武运粳30和杂交籼稻丰两优香1号、新两优6380为对照,比较各类型品种在干物质积累、穗部特征、叶片形态及茎秆特性上的差异。结果表明,甬优籼粳杂交稻两年平均产量为11.3 t/hm~2(11.1、11.4 t/hm~2),较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高6.6%和13.0%;产量构成上,甬优籼粳杂交稻的每穗粒数和群体颖花量显著高于对照,有效穗数、结实率和千粒重低于对照;甬优籼粳杂交稻抽穗期、成熟期的干物质量及抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量依次为13.4 t/hm2、21.6 t/hm~2、6.9 t/hm~2,均显著高于对照;穗部特征上,甬优籼粳杂交稻的单穗质量和着粒密度高于对照,穗长略低于杂交籼稻,近80%的籽粒集中于中上部,而常规粳稻75%的籽粒集中于中下部,杂交籼稻籽粒分布相对匀称;甬优籼粳杂交稻上3叶的叶宽和卷曲率高于对照,叶长和叶基角处于对照之间(以杂交籼稻最大),披垂度最低,上部1、3叶差异显著;株高、穗高、秆长及穗下节间占秆长的比例以杂交籼稻甬优籼粳杂交稻常规粳稻;成熟期单茎茎干质量、单茎鞘干质量及基部节间单位长度干质量以甬优籼粳杂交稻最高。中熟类型甬优籼粳杂交稻组合产量优势特征为足穗基础上,主攻大穗,并保持较高的结实率和千粒重;形态生理特征表现为籽粒集中于中上部,上3叶大小适宜,叶片内卷且直立,株高及穗下节间占秆长的比例适中,成熟期茎秆充实度好。     

海南播期对玉米DUS测试性状表达的影响

以5个普通型品种和5个糯质型品种的玉米单交种为试验材料,设置3个播期处理,研究海南播期对玉米特异性、一致性和稳定性(DUS)测试性状表达的影响。结果表明,播期对玉米质量性状和假质量性状的表达无显著影响;播期对不同性状、不同类型、不同品种玉米数量性状的表达影响程度不同,对抽雄期、散粉期等8个性状的表达影响程度较大,对幼苗第一叶鞘花青甙显色强度、植株上部叶片与茎秆夹角等10个性状的表达影响程度较小,对雄穗最低位侧枝以上主轴长度、雄穗一级侧枝数目等15个性状的表达无显著影响。     

不同田间配置方式对超级稻穗颈维管束数的影响

以超级粳稻沈农265为试材,研究了不同田间配置方式对超级稻穗颈维管束数的影响。结果表明:不同田间配置方式下超级稻穗颈维管束数的株内变异范围不同,株内的茎间维管束数目差异明显,但株内的茎间维管束数目的次数分布均呈正态或近正态分布。因而,对水稻群体穗颈维管束进行研究时,可取中等株内中等茎为样本,具有一定代表性。本研究还表明稀植有利于穗颈大、小维管束的形成,而播量对穗颈维管束数目的影响不显著。     

小麦冠层叶片性状的遗传模型研究

连续两年随机选用8个小麦品种（系）组配成双列杂交组合,研究了小麦冠层叶片性状的遗传模型。结果表明,旗叶基角和鞘长、倒二叶宽为加性一显性模型遗传;倒二叶的基角和开张角均为加性模型遗传;旗叶开张角遗传受环境条件影响,第一年为加性-显性-上位性模型遗传,第二年为加性-显性模型遗传;旗叶长、宽和倒二叶鞘长第一年均为加性一显性模型遗传,第二年均为加性模型遗传;倒二叶长第一年为加性一显性模型遗传,第二年为加性-显性-上位性模型遗传;还分析了控制各性状的显隐性基因在各亲本中的分布及其显性程度。最后,讨论了冠层叶片性状的后代选择和亲本组配等问题。     

籼粳交重组自交系亚种属性判别及维管束性状的变异

以典型籼稻七山占和典型粳稻秋光构建的重组自交系群体为研究对象,利用程氏指数法和维管束分类性状分别对其不同世代（F6和F8）群体进行籼粳亚种属性判别。发现群体表现为中间类型占优势的偏粳分布,具有明显籼粳亚种间差异的维管束性状在群体内实现了重组,理论上通过籼粳杂交可以实现优良维管束性状的组合。穗颈大小维管束比、倒2节间和穗颈大维管束比在确认群体的籼粳属性时与程氏指数法判别结果相似,且较穗颈大、小维管束数和倒2节间大、小维管束数在世代间表现稳定,可作为鉴别群体籼粳属性的参考指标。群体内多数株系还属于分化不彻底的中间类型,造成穗颈大小维管束比、倒2节间和穗颈大维管束比对某些株系的判别存在一定差异。     

Neck formation in drawing processes of fibers

To better understand the formation of necking in drawing processes of fibers, strain distributions during drawing processes have been analyzed. For simplicity, one-dimensional incompressible steady flow at a constant temperature was assumed and quasi-static model was used. To describe mechanical properties of solid polymers, non-linear visco-plastic material properties were assumed using the power law type hardening and rate-sensitive equation. The effects of various parameters on the neck formation were mathematically analyzed. As material property parameters, strain-hardening parameter, visco-elastic coefficient and strain-rate sensitivity were considered and, for process parameters, the drawing ratio and the process length were considered. It was found that rate-insensitive materials do not reach a steady flow state and the rate-sensitivity plays a key role to have a steady flow. Also, the neck formation is mainly affected by material properties, especially for the quasi-static model. If the process length changes, the strain distribution was found to be proportionally re-distributed along the process line by the factor of the total length change.     

不同普通野生稻居群的根表铁膜形成能力

为深入了解普通野生稻的根表铁膜形成能力及其与根系特征的关系,本研究对海南省不同地区的8个普通野生稻居群进行了水培铁胁迫试验。结果表明:普通野生稻的根表铁膜随居群而异。HLY、XLB、HQF等3个居群具有较强的根表铁膜形成能力,其根表铁膜相对数量分别为480.58、382.66、364.05 mg Fe/(cm·株)。根表铁膜数量与根生物量、主根表面积、侧根表面积、根系表面积和根系体积均呈正相关;而根表铁膜相对数量与根生物量、根系表面积、侧根表面积及其所占比率呈正相关;但是,根表铁膜含量仅与侧根表面积所占比率呈正相关,根表铁膜厚度与这些根系特征参数均无相关性。根表铁膜的4个指标与根孔隙度之间均无相关性。因此,侧根表面积及其所占比率是影响根表铁膜的重要因子,可作为筛选具有较多根表铁膜的普通野生稻居群的关键依据。     

Characterization of silk fibroin/S-carboxymethyl kerateine surfaces: Evaluation of biocompatibility by contact angle measurements

Surface characterization of materials has been considered critical in the development of biomaterials, as many unfavorable responses from the body occur at the interface between a material and the body component. The contact angle measurement is one means to characterize the surface properties and to correlate them to the biocompatibility of materials. In this paper, surface characteristics of silk fibroin/S-carboxymethyl kerateine, representative fibrous proteins, were investigated by contact angle measurements and ESCA. The biocompatibility of the blends was evaluated based on minimal interfacial free energy concept, and compared with other potential biomaterials. It was also hypothesized that the enhanced surface polarity of the blends was generated from the conformational transition of proteins. This approach to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials based on surface characteristics may find wide utility in many biomedical applications.     

Biological utilization of vegetable peas: Effect of cooking and varietal differences

The flour of raw as well as cooked vegetable pea cultivars (Arkal and Bonneville) was used for biological evaluation of their protein quality. Cooking did not have a significant influence on the food intake. There were some differences in the food as well as protein intake and gain in body weights of rats when fed uncooked or cooked pea flour diets. Varietal differences did not seem to influence on apparent digestibility, true digestibility, biological value, net protein utilization and utilisable protein but cooking brought a significant (p<0.05) improvement in all of above mentioned parameters. Varietal differences as well as cooking exhibited no influence or serum protein concentration.     

Three-dimensional Stochastic Shape Modelling for Potato Tubers

Tuber shape is a genetically determined, important varietal characteristic that is also influenced by environmental factors. In this study, the overall dimensions of tubers of two potato cultivars (Van Gogh and Yukon Gold) were determined using a triaxial ellipsoid model that was found to encompass the main varietal differences. The more detailed surface features were captured using a spherical-harmonics series representation for the residual undulation. The method was then applied to four additional cultivars (Bellona, Lady Rosetta, Pito, and Sabina). Modelling the undulation of tuber surface in addition to the overall dimensions indicated that cultivars differed in the global shape and, in specific cases, also in the surface undulation of tubers. The new, improved method for modelling tuber shapes can thus capture and distinguish the overall three-dimensional shape and irregularities caused by growth conditions and other factors. It is envisaged to be useful for quantitative genetics approaches aiming to resolve the relative impact of different genes on tuber shape, as well as for various machine vision and other applications.     

波尔山羊杂交改良海南黑山羊生长性能研究初报

测定并比较波尔山羊与海南黑山羊的杂种F1、F2代及海南黑山羊的0（初生）,2,4,6,8,10,12（周岁）月龄的体重、体高、体斜长、胸深、胸宽、胸围、腰角宽等体尺指标。结果表明：相应年龄的波黑F1、F2代羊的体重明显高于海南黑山羊,初生至周岁各生长测定阶段F1、F2代羊体重较海南黑山羊分别增加了6．25％。73．68％．15．34％～90．55％,杂交效果极其显著;海南黑山羊只有0～2月龄平均日增重指标处于较高水平,之后生长速度基本处于下降状态,而波黑F1、F2代的0．2月龄平均日增重指标处于更高水平。并具有2-4月龄和8-10月龄2个体重增长高峰期;0-4月龄和8-10月龄为波黑F1、F2的2个快速生长阶段,0．2月龄为海南黑山羊的快速生长阶段,此时期应加强饲养管理以充分发挥其生长性能,提高养羊业的经济效益;波黑F1、F2代胸宽和腰角宽明显大于海南黑山羊,有向其父本体型发展的趋势．具有典型的肉羊体型。研究结果能为海南黑山羊的合理开发利用及杂交育种提供理论基础和科学依据．     

Imparting hydrophobicity to natural leather through plasma polymerization for easy care effect

This study reports on the deposition of a hydrophobic coating on natural leather through a plasma polymerization method and investigates the hydrophobic behavior of the plasma coated substrate. The silicon compound of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), inactive gas argon (Ar) and toluene were used to impart surface hydrophobicity to a natural leather substrate. Surface hydrophobicity was analyzed by water contact angle, absorption time, and surface free energy measurements. The water contact angle and absorption time results showed that the surface hydrophobicity of natural leather sample was clearly improved after plasma polymerization of HMDSO on the material surface. XPS analysis showed that plasma polymerization of HMDSO/toluene compositions led to a significant increase in atomic percentage of Si compound responsible for hydrophobic surface. These atomic ratios showed that the highest amount of Si and lowest amount of N were obtained with 100 % HMDSO plasma process, confirming the higher degree of plasma polymerization than the other plasma processes. A decrease was observed in total surface free energies of the natural leather samples after plasma deposition indicating improvement in surface hydrophobicity.     

Nutrient composition and electrophoretic pattern of protein in two distinct types of phalsa (Grewia subinequalis DC)

Two distinct types, i.e. tall and dwarf types of phalsa, were studied for the differences in their physical parameters, chemical compositions and electrophoretic patterns of seed proteins by SDS-PAGE. The two types did not show any remarkable variation in their fruit weight, edible portion, seed weight and juice yield. Tall type had higher content of reducing sugars whereas total and non-reducing sugars were higher in dwarf one. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of sucrose and fructose in both the types whereas glucose was present only in tall one. Observed marked variations in the protein content of the fruit could be due to the differences in protein content of the seed rather than that of the pulp. Electrophoretic pattern of seed proteins revealed the complete absence of two protein bands of molecular weight 37, and 59 kD from the dwarf type.     

Surface treatments of jute fabric: The influence of surface characteristics on jute fabrics and mechanical properties of jute/polyester composites

In this study, jute fabrics were modified by alkali, micro-emulsion silicon (MS) and fluorocarbon based agents (FA) in order to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the polyester matrix and the jute fiber. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements were used to characterize fiber surfaces. The effects of various surface treatments on the mechanical and morphological of jute/polyester composites were also studied. All surface treatments were shown to improve the tensile, flexural strengths and interlaminar shear strengths of the composites. Moreover, the maximum improvement in the mechanical properties was obtained for the FA treated jute/polyester composites. SEM micrographs of the tensile fracture surface of jute/unsaturated polyester composites also exhibited improvement of interfacial and interlaminar shear strengths by the alkali, MS and FA treatments of jute fibers.     

Leaf area,light interception,and crop development in maize

Few models used to estimate the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by maize crops (fIPAR) as a function of leaf area index (LAI) account for genotype differences and ontogenetic stage. In this study, the development of the fIPAR/GLAI relationship of three maize hybrids having contrasting plant type and grown in different environmental conditions was characterized. Three field experiments were conducted at Rojas (34°08′S), Argentina, on a silty clay loam soil, without nutrient restriction. The effects of sowing date and water regime were tested. Plant density was always 7 plants m⁻². The fIPAR was calculated from measurements above and below the canopy, before and after maximum GLAI was attained. Hybrids differed significantly (P < 0.05) in individual leaf area, leaf angle, and GLAI evolution. Exponential models adequately described (r² > 0.77; n ≥ 15) the fIPAR/GLAI relationship for pre-maximum GLAI data of all hybrids. Nevertheless, maximum fIPAR was always below values quoted in the literature (< 0.90), and differences were detected among hybrids in the attenuation coefficient (k) that were probably related to leaf angle and leaf area. For hybrids with a similar leaf angle at all leaf positions no difference existed in the fIPAR/GLAI relationship along the cycle (pre- and post-maximum GLAI). The relationship changed after tasselling for the hybrid with erect upper leaves. Ignoring such differences could be misleading when fIPAR/GLAI models are used to estimate canopy photosynthesis and hence biomass production, radiation-use efficiency, and kernel set of specific hybrids and growth stages.     

Wettability and roughness characteristics of modified wood boards using a hot-press

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the thermal modification process by hot-press on the wettability and surface roughness characteristics of the eucalyptus wood boards. The roughness measurements, average roughness (R_a), and maximum roughness (R_max) were taken both parallel and perpendicular to the grain using a fine stylus tracing technique. Contact angle measurements were obtained using a goniometer system connected to a digital camera and computer system. The results showed that surface roughness values of the modified wood boards using a hot-press significantly decreased with increasing press pressure and with decreasing temperature. The contact angle measurements indicated that the thermal modification had a significant influence on the surface wettability of the wood boards. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in the surface roughness and contact angle values of the wood boards following thermal modification. The results acquired in this work provide important information for future research and utilization of the thermally modified wood boards.     

Study on the surface modification of PBO fiber under dielectric barrier discharge treatment

In order to improve the interfacial adhesion property between Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber and epoxy, the surface modification effects of PBO fiber under dielectric barrier discharge treatments in different time were investigated. The samples were tested for surface morphology, functional groups, surface wettability and interfacial shear strengths (IFSS) in epoxy using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements and Micro-bond pull out tests, respectively. The results indicated that fiber surface morphology after plasma treatment was rougher than untreated one. Some polar groups were introduced on fiber surface in plasma treatment. Moreover, surface wettability and the IFSS between fiber and epoxy had much improvement after plasma treatment, the contact angle decreased with the treatment time increasing and reached the lowest value when the treated time was 60 s, and the IFSS was improved by 117.3 %. On the other hand, no significant difference in single fiber tensile test was observed between treated and untreated fibers when the processing time was shorter than 75 s, but the tensile strength declined by more than 10 % after 75 s treatment as a result of the excessive plasma etching.     

60Co-γ和EMS诱变“天隆一号”突变体库变异特征的初步分析

为培育新的适应长江流域气候类型的大豆品种,利用60Co-γ射线和EMS分别对大豆天隆一号的种子进行诱变处理,构建大豆突变体库。对350份有表型变异的株系进行连续两年田间鉴定,运用60对SSR标记进行分子检测,并对籽粒表型变化明显的突变株进行苯基丙酸类代谢主要酶qPCR分析。结果表明:350份材料中有145份在株高、叶形、花色、种皮色、结荚习性等方面有稳定可见的表型变异,101份材料中检测到与野生型天隆一号存在至少1个SSR位点差异,其中M3-SD-1与M3-SD-2有超过10个标记的差异。SSR分析表明,表型发生变异的突变体主要是由DNA变化引起的,且突变体发生了多位点变异,突变位点也彼此不同。qPCR检测结果显示,种皮色、脐色等发生突变的3个材料苯基丙酸类代谢途径中关键基因的表达量发生显著变化。研究结果既可以为大豆品种改良提供新的种质资源,也有助于大豆功能基因组的研究。     

The development of an automatic pattern-making system for made-to-measure clothing

This study developed a system that automatically created individually customized patterns by combining the two methods of “automatic drafting by pattern formulae” and “grading”. The system reads four kinds of information: body measurements; basic size pattern; grading values of the pattern’s points; and an alteration rule. Using the files, the system automatically generated a grading pattern first, and then modified it according to the alteration rule to make individually customized patterns. The clothing produced from the customized pattern fit the subject better than the clothing produced from the grading method.