新香A繁殖及其系列组合制种高产技术总结

新香A繁殖与新香优80、新香优63制种连续2 a在湖南绥宁县获得高产,2001年平均入库单产繁殖3.08 t/hm2,制种3.57～4.22 t/hm2;最高单产繁殖4.38 t/hm2,制种5.40 t/hm2.针对新香A的特征特性, 其异交栽培技术关键主要有两个方面:一是选择具适温高湿天气的基地与扬花季节;二是围绕提高母本抗倒伏力的肥水管理与"九二○"喷施技术.同时针对新香A这种分蘖能力强的不育系,提出了合理稀植同样可以培育出高产苗穗群体的观点.     

新香优207高产制种技术

2003年新香优207在永兴县柏林基地制种25 hm2,获得高产,平均单产3.84 t/hm2,最高单产5.1 t/hm2.总结了新香优207高产制种技术,针对新香优A的特征特性,其技术关键是围绕提高母本抗倒伏力的肥水管理与喷施"九二○"技术.     

超级杂交稻新组合隆两优1988高产群体优化调控技术

通过预设从计算适宜的基本苗开始,依据群体叶色"两黑""两黄"变化规律、茎蘖动态消长规律和后期单茎绿叶数衰亡速度等指标,采取看叶色施穗肥、合理灌溉和露晒田等群体优化调控技术,2019年在全州苗情监测点以超级杂交水稻新组合隆两优1988作中稻进行6.9 hm2连片高产示范,平均单产9.81 t/hm2,达到了节本增产的效果...     

冷浸田双季稻品种和栽培方式比较研究

为了筛选适宜于冷浸田栽培的双季稻品种和高产栽培方式,2009年早晚两季在湖南宁乡县、永兴县和桃源县进行了大田栽培试验,结果表明:(1)双季稻产量及其构成因子品种间差异显著,3地点平均产量早稻以陆两优996最高(5.68 t/hm2),晚稻以天优华占最高(5.61 t/hm2);(2)双季稻不同栽培方式间产量差异显著,3地点平均产量均以垄厢栽培最高,早稻和晚稻分别为5.52 t/hm2和5.81 t/hm2;以传统栽培方式最低,平均产量分别为4.75 t/hm2和5.25 t/hm2。由此可见,选用适宜于冷浸田的双季稻品种,采用垄厢栽培方式有利于获得高产。     

两优培九作单季晚稻大面积示范高产栽培技术

两系杂交稻两优培九2003年在浙江永嘉进行了单季晚稻"千亩示范片"高产示范,平均单产达9.80 t/hm2,比三系杂交稻协优914增产3.0 t/hm2左右,最高产量达10.42 t/hm2,在温州市首次获得两系杂交稻大面积平衡高产.介绍了该组合的示范概况和表现,总结了其主要栽培技术.     

超级杂交早稻陆两优996在湘北平湖区的表现及高产栽培技术

两系超级杂交早稻陆两优996在湘北平湖区种植表现出耐寒、耐肥、高产等特点,生产上采用旱育保姆育壮秧、宽行窄株移栽、平衡施肥等技术措施,早稻最高产量达到9 337.5 kg/hm2.介绍了陆两优996的特征特性和高产栽培技术.     

杂交早稻金优402、Ⅰ优402秋制高产技术

1997～ 1998年 ,杂交早稻金优 40 2和Ⅰ优 40 2在恭城县秋制 48.85hm2 ,平均单产达 3 .5 6t/hm2 。总结了其高产技术措施     

优质杂交稻B优827配套栽培技术研究

在四川盆地3个不同生态点采用多元二次正交旋转组合设计,设移栽密度、施氮量和施钾量3因素5水平进行田间试验,研究了优质杂交稻新组合B优827的配套高产栽培技术.结果表明,B优827具有很大丰产潜力,在四川盆地两熟制稻田应采用"稀育壮秧、适当低密度栽插和足氮、足钾"的栽培策略,适宜栽植密度为17.5万～24.0万穴/hm2,施氮(纯氮)量为160～185 kg/hm2,施钾(K2O)量为110～160 kg/hm2.     

涪陵地区苎麻高产栽培技术

近年,重庆市涪陵地区引种苎麻良种"湘苎二号",其经济效益十分显著.一般当年纤维产量可达1000kg/hm2左右,第三年可达3000kg/hm2以上;产值可达2万元/hm2以上.其主要高产栽培措施是精细整地、合理密植(移栽10.5万-12万株/hm2);适时移栽、加强培管;重施基肥(配合冬培施土杂肥75-15t/hm2,配施磷钾化肥各225kg/hm2)、适时追肥、巧施叶面肥,及时防治病虫害.     

准两优1141在涟源市"种三产四"中的"三定"栽培思路与实践

2010年涟源市实施准两优1141"种三产四"高产攻关,采用"三定"栽培法,示范面积7.67 hm2,平均单产12.075 t/hm2.阐述了准两优1141在"种三产四"中的"三定"栽培思路与实践.     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.