云南省永仁县永兴乡芒果产业发展现状与对策

云南省永仁县永兴乡属金沙江流域干热河谷区,是芒果产区中特有的晚熟芒果产区之一。近年来,培植一批产业带动能力强的种植专业户,推动了永兴乡芒果产业发展。文章通过对永兴乡芒果发展的现状、存在的问题分析,提出加快发展的对策。     

永仁县芒果产业发展分析

永仁县发展芒果有其独特的优势。文章介绍了永仁县自然优势、芒果发展现况、存在问题,提出了针对性的对策、措施、建议,供发展芒果产业参考。     

中国芒果产业链现状

简述中国芒果产业链现状和存在问题,提出了芒果产业进一步发展的对策和建议。     

大姚县芒果种植产业发展问题及对策研究

芒果是当前市场最受欢迎的水果之一,发展芒果产业,对区域经济产业化具有重要作用。大姚县为了精准扶贫,积极推进芒果产业的种植,发展迅速,但是,依然存在产业化程度低,管理粗放,资金投入不足,基础设施落后,种植技术落后,标准化水平低,专业人才缺乏,病虫害防治能力不足等问题,为此,提出了通过积极优化布局,强化产业化经营,加强配套设施建设,加强种植技术推广,加强人才培养,加强资金投入,加大招商引资等多项措施助力芒果产业的发展,以期提供参考和借鉴。     

我县芒果生产的现状及其对策

芒果是我县重要的经济林木之一。为了切实抓好芒果生产的发展,使之真正成为我县继甘蔗之后促进经济发展的又一后劲产业,县人民政府于1991年10月专门召开了芒果工作会议。会议分析了全县发展芒果生产的现状、方向及有利条件和不利因素,研究制定了有关对策和措施。     

红河流域芒果产业现状、存在问题与建议

2008年6月1～15日对云南红河流域芒果产业发展状况进行了考察,对发展中存在的问题进行探讨,并提出了促进产业发展的建议。     

大姚县山地芒果高产优质种植技术研究

指出了因金沙江中游河段观音岩水电站建设,使大姚县湾碧乡、铁锁乡金沙江河谷地区被淹没,库区移民和安置成了必须解决的问题。以大姚山地芒果产业发展为例,分析了大姚山地芒果发展的意义与优势,提出了大姚山地芒果高产优质的措施,以期为观音岩水电站建设大姚县库区的产业结构调整和移民安置后续发展提供参考和借鉴。     

华坪县特色经济林产业发展探讨

分析华坪县特色经济林产业发展的优势、现状和产业发展中存在的问题,提出了华坪县特色经济林产业发展区域规划思路和芒果、茶叶、核桃、雪桃4个重点发展的特色经济林产业规模与布局以及促进特色经济林产业做大做强的对策和建议.     

低产芒果园改造技术措施

<正>芒果是世界五大水果之一。它以果形美观,汁多味甜,芳香宜人等特点赢得人们的喜爱,素有"热带果王"之称。也是我国南部省区重点发展的热带水果之一。随着生活水平不断提高,芒果产业     

云南怒江干热河谷区5个芒果品种的表现

据试验观察和对适应性、丰产性、抗逆性的评价,认为金煌芒、红芒6号、四季芒、三年芒、鸡蛋芒等是云南怒江干热河谷区表现良好的芒果品种;结合该区的实际,对各区品种种植和芒果产业发展提出建议。     

海南芒果炭疽病的发生规律与综合防治

通过对海南芒果炭疽病发生规律和病害与果园土质、气象因素、品种、肥料管理关系的研究,并进行了农药筛选试验,在此基础上提出了相应的综合防治措施。     

Mango trees as components of agroforestry sytsems in Mangwende,Zimbabwe

This study investigates the role of mango (Manifera indica L.) within agroforestry systems in Mangwende, Zimbabwe. Eighty two percent of households had mango trees. Neither the degree of natural woodland depletion nor the wealth status of a household had an influence on mango planting. Most mango trees were planted in the homefields. Mango trees provide fruit, firewood, poles, organic matter for soil amendment, living fence post, shade, soil conservation and cattle feed (the rotting fruits). Wealthy and poor households managed mango trees in the same way. Trees were pruned primarily to increase fruit yields and to reduce competition with crops, although prunings were utilised for firewood and poles. The relative importance of different uses of mango trees did not differ among households with different numbers of mango trees or with different wealth status, with fruits universally acknowledged as the most important product. Ninety four percent of households sold mangoes from their farms, but mangoes earned farmers the least income, in comparison with the four most important crops grown in Mangwende. Two thirds of households intercropped mangoes with herbaceous crops. The mangocrop associations were managed to optimise the yields of both crops and mangoes. Mango trees on croplands were widely perceived as having a positive effect on soil fertility and soil moisture and a negative effect on crop yield. About one third of the households used mango litter for soil amelioration, while litter from indigenous woodland was used by most households, especially in gardens.     

Gummosis Disease of Mango and Its Control

Gummosis is the most serious disease of mango all around the world,which is becoming epidemic in different regions of these countries,can infect almost all the commercial and indigenous varieties of mango,and has been regarded as a new serious threat of mango trees at an alarming ratio.This article reviewed causal organisms,current status,future prospects,and management practices of mango gummosis disease.     

Performance of mango based agri-horticultural models under rainfed situation of Western Himalaya, India

A total of 15 years of experimentation period (1995–2010) was divided into two phases. In the first phase (1995–2005), five mango based agri-horticultural models (AHM) viz. Mango + cowpea–toria, mango + cluster bean/okra–toria, mango + sesame–toria, mango + black gram–toria and mango + pigeon pea in addition to sole mango plantation (no intercrop) and in second phase (2005–2010), two mango based AHM (mango + colocasia and mango + turmeric) in addition to sole mango (no intercrop) were studied. The mean maximum cowpea equivalent yield (t ha^?1) was harvested from cowpea (1.84) followed by okra (1.21), black gram (1.11), sesame (0.68) and mean minimum with pigeon pea (0.58). The crop yield reduction among the mango based AHM was observed from third year to tenth year. The positive correlation was found between light transmission and intercrops yields amongst all models during both phases. However, the correlation between mango canopy spread and intercrop yields shown negative trends. The yield reduction in intercrops varied from 37.0–52.6 % during first phase and 20.6–23.5 % during second phase of experimentation compared to sole crop. The results revealed that the fruit based AHM were effective in improving fruit yields of the mango. The mean maximum fruit yield of mango (7.02 t ha^?1) was harvested with cowpea–toria crop rotation followed by black gram–toria (6.59 t ha^?1) and minimum fruit yield (5.76 t ha^?1) realized with sole mango tree during first phase (1999–2005). Likewise, mean maximum fruit yield (13.71 t ha^?1) from mango tree was obtained in the turmeric block followed by (13.00 t ha^?1) in colocasia block and minimum fruit yield with sole mango tree (11.86 t ha^?1). All the treatments of AHM recorded higher soil moisture as compared to sole mango plantation during both phases. The moisture retention under different AHM was in the order of cowpea (13.32 cm) > black gram (13.29 cm) > pigeon pea (13.27 cm) > okra (12.42 cm) > sesame (12.17 cm) > sole mango (11.62 cm) during first phase, whereas moisture retention was observed in the order of turmeric (14.20 cm) > colocasia (14.01 cm) > sole mango (12.60 cm) during second phase. The cowpea–toria crop rotation with mango gave maximum benefit: cost ratio followed by okra–toria under rainfed conditions. Besides economic viability of cowpea–toria with mango, this system had improved tree growth as well as fruit yield of mango. In the second phase, mango + turmeric yielded more benefit than mango + colocasia system. In the first phase, the mango + cowpea–toria system improved organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and reduced pH by 49.0, 56.3, 48.6, 58.5 and 11.6 %, respectively as compared to initial values whereas mango + turmeric system increased organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash and reduction in pH by 51.0, 45.0, 29.7, 29.0 and 3.4 %, respectively over initial values within soil depths of 0–30 cm during second phased. Mango based AHM is recommended for adoption with selective intercrops up to 15 years of age of mango plantation for multiple outputs and good economic viability without impairing site fertility.     

攀枝花市芒果产业化发展的现状、问题与对策

简述攀枝花市芒果产业化发展现状,分析当前攀枝花芒果产业化发展过程中存在的一系列问题,并探讨今后的发展对策。     

A biochemical model of photosynthesis for mango leaves: evidence for the effect of fruit on photosynthetic capacity of nearby leaves

Variations in leaf nitrogen concentration per unit mass (Nm) and per unit area (Na), mass-to-area ratio (Ma), total nonstructural carbohydrates (Ta), and photosynthetic capacity (maximum carboxylation rate, electron transport capacity, rate of phosphate release in triose phosphate utilization and dark respiration rate) were studied within the digitized crowns of two 3-year-old mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) on La Réunion Island. Additional measurements of Nm, Na, Ma, Ta and photosynthetic capacities were performed on young, fully expanded leaves of 11-year-old mango trees. Leaves of similar gap fractions were taken far from and close to developing fruits. Unlike Nm, both Na and Ta were linearly correlated to gap fraction. Similar relationships were found for all leaves whatever their age and origin, except for Ta, for which we found a significant tree effect. Photosynthetic capacity was nonlinearly correlated to Na, and a unique relationship was obtained for all types of leaves. Photosynthetic acclimation to light was mainly driven by changes in Ma, but allocation of total leaf N between the different photosynthetic functions also played a substantial role in acclimation to the lowest irradiances. Leaves close to developing fruits exhibited a higher photosynthetic capacity than other leaves, but similar Ta. Our data suggest that Ta does not control photosynthetic capacity in mango leaves. We used the data to parameterize a biochemically based model of photosynthesis and an empirical stomatal conductance model, allowing accurate predictions of net photosynthesis of leaves in field-grown mango trees.     

寄主植物对芒果壮铗普瘿蚊为害的生理效应

研究芒果壮铗普瘿蚊不同程度为害下寄主植物叶片中硝态氮、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、叶绿素含量以及植物保护酶系——超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化.将叶片受害程度划分为4个等级:1～50,51～100,101～200,＞200(每叶片虫瘿数),并以无虫瘿为害的叶片为对照组(CK).结果表明:可溶性糖与硝态氮含量在各个等级之间均没有显著的差异;可溶性蛋白和叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量各为害等级叶片均显著低于CK;而类胡萝卜素含量,高密度为害等级(101～200,＞200)显著高于其他各组及CK.植物保护酶系测定结果显示:CK组活力最低,＞200等级SOD,POD,CAT活力均高于其他各组;其中,51～100与＞200等级SOD活力显著高于其他等级;为害等级量重的(＞200)POD和CAT活力显著高于其他等级;而1～50等级显著低于其他等级.因此,人侵害虫芒果壮铗普瘿蚊的不同为害程度直接影响植物的光合作用及有关营养物质;随着为害等级的加重可导致植物保护酶系的活性增大.     

Efficacy of neem oil against thrips (Thysanoptera) on mango panicles and its compatibility with mango pollinators

A field trial was conducted in a mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchard located on Penang Island, Malaysia, to determine the efficacy of neem oil at 1, 2 and 3% concentrations and imidacloprid, a commonly used synthetic insecticide, on populations of thrips and their toxicities to mango pollinators. Daily periodicities of several pollinators that frequently visited mango panicles were studied prior to the insecticide trial to determine the appropriate time of insecticide application. Pollinators were collected at 2-h intervals for 2?months in the dry season and 1?month in the wet season of 2009. Mean numbers of all pollinators were greater in the morning (0800?h) and peaked in the late afternoon, but remained low during other times of the day. After two consecutive applications at 7-day interval, both neem oil and imidacloprid effectively reduced thrips populations compared to an untreated plot. Imidacloprid was the most effective insecticide reducing 68.7% thrips adult and 80.7% larval populations, respectively. However, it caused 92.5% mortality in pollinator populations. Neem oil at 2% was effective against adult thrips 96?h after the second application (59.8% reduction) and caused only 24.9% mortality of pollinators. Proper timing of neem oil application such as at midday when pollinators are least active would control thrips populations satisfactorily but less detrimental to mango pollinators. Future improvement of neem oil formulation should be aimed at improving its efficacy against thrips and further reducing toxicity to pollinators.     

芒果叶片组织的细胞结构与耐寒性的初步研究

通过夏季对芒果50个栽培品种叶片的解剖观测,从中选出解剖结构差异较大的8个品种在冬季重复解剖观测及进行叶片电导率测定,结果表明,芒果叶片细胞结构存在下部紧密组织,且叶片组织结构的紧密度与品种耐寒性有密切关系。单一的栅栏组织、海绵组织或下部紧密组织的厚度,在同一品种的不同季节出现较大的差异,但其紧密度大小的排序能够保持相对的稳定,因此有可能成为耐寒性的鉴定指标。     

四川攀枝花市芒果农业专家系统的建立与应用

四川攀枝花市基于本区域芒果专家的研究成果、管理经验和基础知识,应用模仿农业专家进行决策的计算机技术,借助IIS运行平台,使用ASP编程语言结合VBScript编译环境和Access数据库开发建立了攀枝花市芒果农业专家系统,并应用于当地芒果生产。