萼花臂尾轮虫的培养

在室外自然条件下，用简易法培养萼花臂尾轮虫，一般每毫升为50－80个，最高达184个／毫升。 基本上满足批量培育鱼、虾苗种需要。简易法生产轮虫的设备简单、投资少，有一定技术条件的鱼种场均可实施。     

萼花臂尾轮虫的培养技术

萼花臂尾轮虫是水产苗种开食和早期培育阶段的优良饵料，可以在淡水中培养。传统养鱼的肥水下塘经验，是利用藻类、轮虫、枝角类等的混合群体供饵，利弊兼有。本研究采用单胞藻、酵母及光合细菌单独培养萼花臂尾轮虫，可获得纯净的适口饵料，为工厂化育苗提供饵料保证。     

辛基酚对萼花臂尾轮虫毒性效应的研究

应用生态学毒理学方法,研究了环境雌激素辛基酚(OP)对萼花臂尾轮虫毒性效应。包括24h急性毒性、慢性浓度(0.01~0.16mg/L)对轮虫发育阶段、2d的种群增长率r及7d休眠卵产量影响。结果显示:OP对轮虫24h的急性毒性LC50为0.91mg/L;OP浓度0.08、0.16mg/L显著降低轮虫的生殖前期、生殖期和寿命历时,0.04mg/L以上降低轮虫的生殖量;OP浓度0.08、0.16mg/L显著降低轮虫2d的r,0.01mg/L及以上浓度显著降低轮虫7d的休眠卵产量。以上研究表明:OP对轮虫的生殖具有干扰作用,其中轮虫7d休眠卵产量为监控水体OP污染最敏感的指标。     

萼花臂尾轮虫室内规模培养技术

萼花臂尾轮虫具有生长快、繁殖力强、营养丰富等特点,是水产苗种开食和早期培育阶段的优良饵料,可以在淡水中培养。结合轮虫室内高密度培养特点及自身实践经验,对萼花臂尾轮虫室内规模培养技术作简要总结。     

三种农药对萼花臂尾轮虫种群变动的影响初探

本文报道了不同温度下萼花臂尾轮虫 (Brachionuscalyciflorus)的种群增长参数和生长周期 ,结果表明 :其内禀增长率rm (h-1)、净生殖力R0 和世代时间T (h)分别为 :0 0 6 ,15 70和 37 70 (2 0 +1℃ ) ;0 0 6 ,17 5 2 ,36 0 0 (2 5 +1℃ )。种群的最大密度随温度的升高增加 ,而种群到达高峰所需时间也随着温度升高而缩短。在三种农药的实验中 ,敌百虫、噻嗪酮、氯氰菊酯在 2 4h中的LC50 分别为 :32 1 6mg/L ,2 6 3 5mg/L ,36 8 5 μg/L。     

两种消毒剂处理对萼花臂尾轮虫休眠卵萌发的影响

在特定条件下形成的轮虫休眠卵,经过一定时间的储藏保存,其萌发率均有不同程度的降低[1,2]1)。已有研究表明,大量的细菌污染是导致褶皱臂尾轮虫(Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓｐｌｉｃａｔｉｌｉｓ)休眠卵萌发率降低的主要因素之一;使用适宜种类和浓度的消毒剂处理可显著地提高其萌发率[3]。有关淡水轮虫休眠卵的报道较少,为此我们使用扫描电子显微镜对萼花臂尾轮虫(Ｂｒａｃｈｉｏｎｕｓｃａｌｙｃｉｆｌｏｒｕｓ)休眠卵进行观察,并用不同种类和浓度的消毒剂对其进行消毒实验,旨在为轮虫休眠卵的有效保存和使用提供依据。1　材料和方法1.1　轮虫休…     

Cd2+对萼花臂尾轮虫的毒性研究

Cd2 对萼花臂尾轮虫24 h和48 h的LC50分别是1.488 mg/L和0.526 mg/L.在Cd2 存在的条件下,其对萼花臂尾轮虫的存活率、繁殖率、净生殖率和内禀增长率有显著的抑制作用,混交百分率和休眠卵数量则明显增加.     

氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫的毒性影响

采用两天种群增长和生命表,研究了不同浓度氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)的毒性影响。结果显示:轮虫种群增长率与氟他胺浓度对数负相关。氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫种群增长率的半效应浓度(EC50)、最低可见效应浓度(LOEC)和无可见效应浓度(NOEC)分别为4.31、3.17和1.59 mg/L。氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫的内禀增长率和世代时间有显著的影响(P<0.05);内禀增长率随氟他胺浓度升高而下降,其中1.59 mg/L和3.17 mg/L氟他胺浓度组内禀增长率分别比对照组降低了8.98%和17.95%(P<0.05),其无效应浓度为0.8 mg/L;而3.17 mg/L浓度组的世代时间显著延长(P<0.05)。实验结果表明内禀增长率是检测氟他胺对萼花臂尾轮虫毒性最敏感的指标。     

pH对萼花臂尾轮虫种群动态和休眠卵的影响↑（*）

应用种群累积培养法,研究了pH3.5～11.5(间隔1.0)之间萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionuscalyciflorus)的种群动态及休眠卵的形成。结果表明,该轮虫在pH5.5～10.5为正增长,pH7.5时种群增长趋势最好;pH4.5时为负增长;pH3.5和11.5分别是该轮虫存活下限和上限。pH对轮虫休眠卵的产量和形成效率、平均混交雌体百分率和受精率皆具极显著影响。7.5是该种轮虫休眠卵规模化生产的最佳pH值,此时休眠卵的产量和藻类食物的形成效率最大,分别为(132567±20264)/(20ml·6d)和(11.05±1.69)/(6×106cells)。     

萼花臂尾轮虫的培养及营养强化技术

轮虫是浮游生物的重要组成部分,广泛分布于淡水、半咸水和海水水域中。萼花臂尾轮虫隶属臂尾轮虫科、臂尾轮虫属,为淡水轮虫,俗称灰水,系池塘、湖泊、江河中常见的浮游动物,     

萼花臂尾轮虫非混交雌体SOX基因的克隆与分析

选用根据SOX基因蛋白序列设计的1对兼并引物,采用PCR技术扩增萼花壁尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)非混交雌体基因组DNA。结果显示:实验得到1个约220 bp的片段。经过克隆和测序分析,共获得2个有差异的DNA片段,其中一个DNA片段证明为萼花臂尾轮虫SOX2蛋白编码序列,与人和秀丽隐杆线虫(Cae-norhabditis elegans)DNA序列碱基组成相似性分别为68.98%和75.93%,其编码的氨基酸序列与人、秀丽隐杆线虫SOX2蛋白相似性分别为为84.72%和81.94%。另一个DNA片段长209 bp,用BLAST程序在GenBank数据库中搜索,没有找到相似性序列,用该序列推导氨基酸序列,发现两个终止密码子,推测该片段是受到自然选择作用失去功能的SOX基因。同时对多个物种的SOX2基因保守序列进行比对,发现萼花臂尾轮虫SOX2基因是一种古老的基因形式,具有高度的保守性。     

Mass Production of Freshwater Rotifer,Brachionus calyciflorus,Under Different Diets and Regimes

ABSTRACT

The production ability of freshwater rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus, cultured with two algal species, Chlorella vulgaris, and Spirulina platensis, and a baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were studied using semicontinuous culture method. B. calyciflorus was fed with the above three types of food at five different concentrations (125, 250, 500,750, and 1,000 μg/mL). Among the three different types of diet, maximum production of B. calyciflorus (489.20 ±10.91 individuals/mL; P < 0.05) was obtained with C. vulgaris, followed by S. cerevisiae, and S. platensis. Moreover, in each of the three diets, the maximum rotifer production was obtained at a particular concentration (C. vulgaris, 750 μg/mL; S. cerevisiae, 750 μg/mL; and S. platensis, 500 μg/mL) beyond which the rotifer production decreased. The peak production due to C. vulgaris (489 individuals/mL) was better than S. cerevisiae (321 individuals/mL) when the number of rotifers was considered. The present study indicates that the quantity and quality of food have a significant role on the rotifer production and that C. vulgaris at 750 μg/mL appears suitable to feed to rotifers for maximal production.     

不同饵料对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群生长繁殖的影响↑（*）

用３种饵料、４个组合培养褶皱臂尾轮虫,研究饵料对轮虫种群生长、繁殖的影响。结果表明：用光合细菌和鲜酵母混合为饵组,轮虫的最高培养密度达到了１８２０ｍＬ－１,高于其它３组;轮虫的日平均增殖率为０．４３５１,比光合细菌组和鲜酵母组分别增加了６．４％和２５．０％。对轮虫生长、繁殖有明显的促进作用。     

Growth hormone-like substance in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

ABSTRACT:   A growth hormone (GH)-like substance was extracted from the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and subsequently purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The GH-like substance had a molecular weight of approximately 28 kDa and had cross-reactivity with salmon GH antibody. In vivo bioassay showed a higher intrinsic rate of increase and net reproduction rate of B. plicatilis treated with the GH-like substance.     

Effect of temperature on resting egg formation of the tropical SS-type rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis Tschugunoff

ABSTRACT:   Tropical minute rotifer strains (SS-type) induce mixis at 30–35°C but sexual reproduction and resting egg formation do not proceed well due to rapid environmental change. The present study examined the effect of temperature regulation on rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis (Langkawi strain, SS-type) resting egg formation in small (500 mL in culture volume)- and large-scale (500 L in culture volume) experiments. Rotifers were cultured at 30°C in 15–17 p.p.t. seawater with an initial density of 1 individual (ind.)/mL. After 4 days, when cultures were in exponential growth stage with active mixis induction, the culture temperature of the experimental rotifers was changed to 25°C. Control rotifers were cultured at 30°C throughout the experiment. Fresh or frozen Nannochloropsis oculata and condensed freshwater Chlorella vulgaris were used as the rotifer diets in the small- and large-scale experiments, respectively. Significantly higher resting egg production was observed with the experimental rotifers (30→ 25°C) versus the control rotifers. In the large-scale trial, experimental rotifers produced 2.6 × 10⁶ resting eggs during a 9-day experiment, which was 1.6-fold more than the control rotifers. Moreover, the efficiency of resting egg formation was found to increase by a factor of 1.8. The present study indicates that decreasing culture temperature from 30 to 25°C after active mixis increased resting egg formation in B. rotundiformis (SS-type).     

室外轮虫培育池中非生物因子的初步研究

通过对室外轮虫培育池的几个水化学指标的跟踪测定,发现在培养初期,轮虫池的溶氧、pH值都很高。随着轮虫量的增加,溶氧和pH值下降到相对较低水平,氨态氮、活性磷等营养盐量在轮虫大量发生后迅速上升。后期溶氧、pH值上升,氨态氮下降。在培养期间,由于轮虫量变化大,一些主要理化因子的量及变化幅度也随之加大。溶氧的变化范围:2 66～12 7mg L,平均值为6 97mg L;pH的变化范围:8 57～9 60,平均值为8 93;营养盐中氨态氮变化范围:0 26～6 58mg L,平均值为3 77mg L;活性磷变化范围:0 035～1 41mg L,平均值为0 256mg L;CODMn值变化范围:20 8～65 2mg L,平均值为35 17mg L。     

褶皱臂尾轮虫培养若干问题探讨

本文就轮虫生产性培养过程中接种密度、投饵量、水质、轮虫生长和营养强化等方面的问题进行探讨,认为:接种密度在用单胞藻培养时应为10～30个/ml,用酵母培养时20～50个/ml;酵母投喂量0 3～0 35g/百万,投喂量不宜过大;酵母投喂的轮虫使用前2d最好用单细胞藻类强化。