浅谈伐区集材机械大修管理

浅谈伐区集材机械大修管理陈重飞，赵雅凤，陈国友在林业局因伐区集材机械大修问题，林场与机修厂之间时有矛盾．为找到解决这一问题的方法，本文对伐区集材机械的大修管理加以粗浅探讨．松花江林管局森工企业使用的伐区集材机械，主要是Ｊ－５０集材拖拉机，辅以Ｊ—８０...     

运材汽车可靠性与维修性的统计分析

对东风ＥＱ１０９０Ｅ和解放ＣＡ１０９２中型运材汽车的使用可靠性和维修性作了统计分析。结果表明，这两种运材汽车的平均故障间隔里程分别为１５６３ｋｍ和１６３９ｋｍ；平均修复时间分别为１３．５ｈ和１１．２５ｈ；两种汽车最薄弱的总成均是发动机，最难维修的总成则分别是东风ＥＱ１０９０Ｅ型汽车的后桥和解放ＣＡ１０９２型汽车的变速器。     

关于集材拖拉机选型的探讨

我国东北林区木材生产工艺流程基本可分为伐区木材生产、运输、贮木场生产三个阶段。从木材生产成本看:伐区木材生产成本占整个生产成本的50～60％,而在伐区生产成本中,集材成本又占伐区木材生产成本的60％以上。所以对于集材机械选择的合理与否将直接影响到木材生产成本。从我省情况来看,集材作业主要是以拖拉机为主,占整个伐区的75％以上。我省现有集材拖拉机大部分是集材—50拖拉机。黑龙江省部分林业局运用了集材—80拖拉机集材和接运。对     

伐区剩余物削片简易压缩包装装置

为了充分利用伐区剩余物，根河林业局前几年推广使用了伐区移动式削片机，该机由Ｊ—５０集材拖拉机和固定式削片机改装而成。首先将Ｊ—５０上的搭载板和绞集装置卸去，然后将削片机安装在Ｊ—５０的车架上。削片机的动力来源是在Ｊ—５０原绞集动力输出轴上安装一皮带轮，驱动削片机的工作。移动式削片机的优点是直接进入伐区内的副道上工作，将直径３～１２ｃｍ，长度２ｍ以下的枝桠、树头进行削片，充分利用了伐区剩余物，为国家节约了大量木材。进行伐区剩余物削片可为根河林业局刨花板厂生产刨花板提供丰富的木材原料。 对伐区剩余物…     

人工林主伐生产工艺研究

研究表明，采用“山猫”轻型油锯和“ＳＪ２—０．４／２”轻型遥控索道等小型、轻型化机械系统的伐倒木集材工艺是比较适宜的人工林主伐生产工艺。     

拖拉机集体对林地的保护和森林更新

据国内外调配研究表明：拖拉机集材对作业区面积的破坏为５－１２．５４％；对幼树的损伤率为１３．５０％；集材后使土壤容重提高２０％，大孔隙减少４０％，对水份的渗透速率降低４７％。为减少拖拉机集材对林地破坏和对幼树的损伤及有利森林更新，应采取如下措施：（一）拖拉机集材应安排在冬季进行；（二）在择伐伐区，拖拉机原条集材应不离道，集单根抽；或拖拉机集材，集材道间距加宽到１００Ｍ，以畜力或人力将原木小集中到集     

J-80背杆装车机的改制

当前,由于木材生产的分散性,使集中装车地点逐渐减少,而且繁重的人力装车已不能适应当前的生产,迫切需要具有灵活、机动性的机械装车设备．但至今所用的机械装车设备还是Ｊ—５０和Ｊ—８０拖拉机背杆,这些设备行走不便,灵活性、机动性差;装车效率不高,耗费大．特别是Ｊ—８０背杆机,不但价格高,而且配件极缺。因此,必须对现有装备进行改造。１改进项目的确定 在现有装车设备中,只有对Ｊ—８０背杆机进行改制（改制后称为Ｊ—８０液压装车机）,才能达到灵活、机动、高效的目的。根据Ｊ—８０拖拉机的配件紧缺、价格昂贵以及在…     

湿地松单亲子代遗传变异分析

来自４个省份，５个引种群体的３０个优树单亲子代测定１５年结果表明：参试家系在材积、胸径和对褐斑病感病性上存在极显著的遗传差异。其中福建南屿家系群体生长快．树皮薄，侧枝数多；江苏和南京家系生长最差；江西家系平均抗褐斑病能力最强。通过多重比较，初步筛选出ＦＪＮＹ—００３．ＪＸＪＡ—０７７，ＡＨＪＸ—００１和ＪＸＪＡ—０８７等４个家系，它们材积平均生长比ＣＫ快３８．４％，平均遗传增益为１７．０６％；胸径平均遗传增益为５．１２％，感病性降低５．４３％。文中对性状间相关及其遗传参数也作了分析。     

J—50拖拉机掉轨故障分析

Ｊ—５０拖拉机掉轨故障分析（１６５３０１）大兴安岭图强林业局李忠德（１６５３００）大兴安岭韩家园林业局胡文立（１６５３０２）大兴安岭阿木尔林业局刘国军由于山区集材作业地形复杂，故要求集材拖拉机行走系要有很好的适应性和可靠性。对履带拖拉机来说，掉轨是其...     

J50A—3型单钢架移动式装车机的应用

Ｊ５０Ａ－３型单钢架移动式装车机是以集材拖拉机为动力改装成的，即保持原车样，又不妨碍集材作业，使用经济效益好，缩短集材距离，实现了一机多用，安全可靠。     

J-80A型轮式集材拖拉机底盘的保养和调整方法

介绍了J-80A型轮式集材拖拉机底盘的保养和调整方法.     

利用轮式小拖拉机进行集材的研究

将轮式小拖拉机进行改造,装配绞盘机和搭载板后进行集材,在集材距离200~300 m时,日集材量为:冬季20~30 m3,夏季15~20 m3,比畜力集材提高了4~6倍;集材成本为15~20元.m-3,是畜力集材的50%。利用轮式小拖拉机进行集材,对地表及幼苗幼树的破坏程度大幅度降低,是目前可供选择的一种较好的集材方式。     

Simulation of stump crushing and truck transport of chips

Abstract

The use of stumps for energy production has grown rapidly in Finland and is also commencing in Sweden, the UK and a number of other countries. Practically all stumps are comminuted either at the plant or at terminals, whereas a major part of small-diameter trees and logging residues is chipped at roadside landing. Until now, crushing of stumps has been done with heavy, often stationary, crushers. In smaller plants, construction of a stationary crusher is not economically feasible. In addition, transportation of stumps calls for special trucks, while economical transport distances are short owing to the small payload. Recently, effective mobile crushers suitable for the comminution of stumps, that can also operate as mobile chippers for logging residue and small-diameter trees, have been introduced. They move from landing to landing with the crushed material transported to the end-user by trucks. In this study a discrete-event simulation model was programmed to find optimal set-ups for the supply chain of crushed material made from stumps at different road transport distances. The simulation model was based on the continuous supply of crushed material from landings to a district heating plant. Transportation distances varied from 20 to 120 km, while the number of trucks varied from one to four. It was found that already at 20 km the use of two chip trucks is competitive and after 40 km a third truck should be introduced into the system. Beyond 100 km four trucks would be needed. The results were compared with those obtained from a static spreadsheet model. The static model underestimated the waiting cost in the situation where the productivity of crushing and truck transport was almost balanced.     

J-50型拖拉机搭载板"砸车"故障的分析与排除

本文系统分析了J-50型拖拉机“砸车”故障发生的原因,提出了排除“砸车”的方法。     

J—50拖拉机噪声测量及排气消声器的设计

该文叙述了对J-50拖拉机进行噪声测量.并依据噪声评价曲线确定理论消声量,根据理论计算,设计了J-50拖拉机主机和起动机排气消声器.     

Analyzing time and fuel consumption in road transport of round wood with an onboard fleet manager

Round wood supply in Austria is often affected by different factors such as bottlenecks or oversupply due to changing market, weather and road conditions. An additional factor impacting the complex wood supply chain is the rising transport costs from the landing to the sawmill. Logging trucks are the primary transportation technology used from the forest to the customer??s site. The objectives of this study were to analyze the actual situation and characteristics of typical trucking activities for round wood supply from the region to an Austrian sawmill. The study used time and fuel consumption, proportion of travel on forest roads and average speed on different functional road classes to estimate productivity and costs. Data collection including GPS-tracking was done using fleet management equipment built into the driver??s cabin. The GPS-routes were analyzed in ArcGIS 9.3 based on the national road network and its attributes. The sawmill studied with a yearly demand of 600,000 m³ round wood was located in southern Austria. In total, more than 2,000 round trips operated by seven logging trucks recorded close to 100,000 km. The transport distance from the forest to the sawmill averaged 51 km. The average share on forest roads within a route to the sawmill was 14.2% with an average speed of 13.5 km/h, whereby the forest road is defined as road with minor importance. Transport costs from the forest site to the sawmill with a truck and trailer were ? 11/m³ solid timber based on an average load size of 25 m³. An average 0.77 l of diesel fuel per kilometer was consumed during a round trip including all work phases. A trip to an interim storage location consumed 2.05 l/km due to the number of work phases without driving distance.     

The impact of road geometry,surface roughness and truck weight on operating speed of logging trucks

Improved transport planning and pricing is dependent on correct cycle times. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of road curvature, surface roughness, gradient and truck weight on the operating speed of a conventional 60-tonne gross vehicle weight logging truck. The study used a 320-km test track consisting of both public and forest roads. The track was driven with various gross vehicle weights. Speed data was retrieved from the truck’s CAN-bus system and road data was measured with a profilograph. The key factors for operating speed were curvature and surface roughness, both of which were correlated to each other as well as partially captured by functional road class. Regression analysis quantified the individual effects of these factors as well as gradient, undulation and interactions with truck weight. A regression model is presented which explained 80% of the variation in operating speed. The results were consistent with previous studies, and the proposed models can be used to improve transport planning, cost estimation, operative route path selection and road investments.     

前苏联西伯利亚森工科研所的科研工作与我们的借鉴

前苏联西伯利亚森工科研所的重点研究领域是, 开发以TT-4M为通用底盘的各种集材拖拉机和装载机, 研究山地森林采伐工艺、汽车运输道路修筑新工艺, 开发小河水运机械系统, 完善采运机具维修保养系统, 研制新型制材机械以及采伐、造材、加工剩余物的综合利用等.我国森工科研主要借鉴之点是建立科研中试基地、选择适合林区经济发展条件的科研项目, 调整科研组织结构及人才结构, 开展一些林区急需的中、小型科研课题.     

运材汽车最佳更新期确定方法的探讨

探讨了运材汽车最佳更新期确定的两种方法：低劣化数值法和边际效益法，可供木材运输企业（个人）在决策时参考。并指出了影响运材汽车最佳更新期确定的主要因素：汽车型号、生产条件、管理水平、年运输周转量等。     

运材汽列曲线运行轨迹偏移量的模拟试验

通过对运材汽列曲线运行轨迹偏移量的模拟试验得知,轨迹最大偏移量与曲线半径、承载梁间距变化的关系,分析了影响轨迹偏移量的因素,从而为减少轨迹偏移量提供了依据。