犬声带切除术的研究

犬声带切除术是目前小动物临床外科的常见手术,主要目的是消除或降低犬的吠叫声音.切除声带的手术途径有两种,即经口腔切除和经腹侧喉室切除.选取20只2岁左右的杂种犬,随机分成2组.第1组采用腹侧喉室声带切除术,术后半年的消声率为80%;第2组采用经口腔声带切除术,术后半年的消声率为40%.但采用经口腔声带切除术,手术比较简便和快捷,损伤小,恢复较快.因此,经口腔声带切除术是一种较好的犬声带切除方法.     

犬声带切除术探析

<正>笔者根据临床实践,对比经口腔切除和经腹侧喉室切除犬声带的两种手术方法发现,采用经口腔切除犬声带对犬进行消声术,具有简便、快捷,组织损伤和炎性渗出物少,恢复快等优点。现对两种不同手术方法切除犬声带效果报道如下。     

犬声带切除术探析

<正>笔者根据临床实践,对比经口腔切除和经腹侧喉室切除犬声带的两种手术方法发现,采用经口腔切除犬声带对犬进行消声术,具有简便、快捷,组织损伤和炎性渗出物少,恢复快等优点。现对两种不同手术方法切除犬声带效果报道如下。     

犬消声术

犬常因吠叫,影响周围住户的休息.可施行消声术(又称声带切除术)以消除犬的吠叫.犬消声术有口腔内喉室声带切除术和腹侧喉室声带切除术两种.前者适应于短期犬的消声,后者可长期消声.     

两种犬声带切除手术效果对比试验

对犬声带切除的口腔切除法和腹侧喉室切除法的术后消声效果进行了统计分析,结果表明口腔切除法简便,快捷,创伤小,犬身体机能恢复正常状态较快,但止血效果不好,易出血,手术效果不理想,复发几率较大;而采取腹侧喉室切除法手术虽然过程较复杂,创伤性大,不利于犬的后期恢复,但后期复发几率小,手术效果明显。     

犬喉室声带切除术的临床应用

犬声带切除是当今小动物临床外科的常见手术，主要目的是消除或降低犬的吠叫声音。切除声带的手术途径有两种，即腹侧喉室切除和经口腔切除。     

犬经口切除声带与烧烙消声术的试验

犬经口切除声带与烧烙消声术的试验全炳昭（江西农业大学畜牧兽医学院，南昌３３００４５）犬的消声术常是先行气管切开术或喉室切开术，暴露出喉室和声带后，再行声带切除术￣［１］。这种消声术操作繁琐，组织损伤大，出血较多，如损伤喉动脉分支，则需要进行结扎血管止...     

犬喉室声带切除术的临床应用

犬声带切除是当今小动物临床外科的常见手术，主要目的是消除或降低犬的吠叫声音。切除声带的手术途径有两种，即经口腔切除和腹侧喉室切除。笔者根据临床实践，对两种方法进行比较，供同行参考。     

经口腔喉室切除犬声带的方法和体会

市区养犬 ,常因犬吠而影响犬主及邻居的休息。主人不胜其烦 ,邻居亦有微词 ,因此 ,常有犬主要求为犬做声带切除手术 ,以降低吠叫的音量。声带切除有两种术式 :一是经腹侧喉室切除 ,另一是经口腔喉室切除。前者需在颈部腹侧皮肤作切口 ,并切开环甲韧带和甲状软骨 ,有的还要安装气管套管 ,手术较复杂 ,且出血较多 ,皮肤创口容易发生感染 ,故这种方法不受狗主欢迎。而后者无体表创口 ,手术简单安全 ,出血少 ,降声效果也好 ,故这种方法易被狗主接受。笔者在医疗实践中 ,着重探索经口腔喉室切除声带手术的具体操作及术后护理 ,现将手术的基本方法…     

犬口腔内喉室声带切除术

随着人们生活水平的不断提高,不少人将饲养犬只作为一种时尚生活,特别是在市区犬只的饲养数量日益增多。但是很多犬主又时常抱怨自己的爱犬老是爱叫,影响主人和他人休息及工作,经常受到投诉。对该问题的最好解决方法是对犬只实施声带切除手术。较传统的方法是经腹侧喉室声带切除术,该手术需要显露喉室和声带再施以摘除。     

Isolation of shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from hide surfaces and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether viable shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 could be isolated from hide surface locations and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle. DESIGN: Within-animal prevalence distribution survey. ANIMALS: 139 finished cattle in 4 pens in a feedlot in Nebraska; prevalence of fecal STEC O157 shedding ranged from 20 to > 90%. PROCEDURE: Samples were collected from 7 sites from each animal: feces, oral cavity, and 5 hide surface locations (lumbar region, ventral aspect of the neck, ventral abdominal midline [ventrum], dorsal thoracic midline [back], and distal aspect of the left hind limb [hock]). RESULTS: Viable STEC O157 were isolated from the oral cavity or 1 or more hide surfaces of 130 cattle, including 50 fecal isolation-negative cattle. Site-specific prevalence of STEC O157 was 74.8% for oral cavity samples, 73.4% for back samples, 62.6% for neck samples, 60.4% for fecal samples, 54.0% for flank samples, 51.1% for ventrum samples, and 41.0% for hock samples. Only 5 cattle tested negative for STEC O157 at all 7 sites. Multiple correspondence and cluster analyses demonstrated that bacterial culture of feces, oral cavity samples, and back samples detected most cattle with STEC O157. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that viable STEC O157 may be isolated from the oral cavity, multiple hide surfaces, and feces of a high percentage of fed beef cattle and that bacterial culture of feces alone generally underestimates the percentage of fed beef cattle from which STEC O157 can be isolated.     

Detection of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the oral cavity of dogs

The mode of acquisition of gastric Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs has not been determined. It is suspected that oral-oral and faecal-oral transmission may be involved. The present study sought to determine if Helicobacter spp. DNA is present in the oral cavity of healthy and vomiting dogs. Thirty-eight pet dogs (27 vomiting and 11 clinically healthy) were studied. The presence of Helicobacter spp. was determined by single and nested PCR evaluation of DNA extracted from saliva, dental plaque and gastric biopsy samples. Helicobacter spp. DNA was detected by nested PCR in 36 (94.7%) gastric biopsies, 17 (44.7%) dental plaque and 19 (50%) saliva samples out of the 38 dogs examined. Overall 27 (71.1%) dogs screened by nested PCR were found to harbour Helicobacter spp. DNA in the oral cavity (dental plaque and/or saliva). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the oral cavity of vomiting and healthy dogs, and the time from vomiting to oral sampling did not have significant impact. This study confirms the high prevalence of gastric Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs, and reveals that Helicobacter spp. DNA is detectable in the oral cavity of over 70% of dogs. These findings support the possibility of oral-oral transmission between dogs and that the canine oral cavity may act as source of non-pylori Helicobacter spp. infection for humans.     

SIALOGRAPHY IN CATTLE: TECHNIQUE AND NORMAL APPEARANCE

Sialography of the bovine mandibular and parotid salivary glands was performed by injecting iodinated, water soluble contrast medium into the respective ducts. The anatomy of the above mentioned salivary glands was studied on cadaver heads. The mandibular duct enters the oral cavity on the ventral surface of the sublingual caruncles, which are located medial to the orifice of the ventral sublingual gland duct. The parotid gland duct enters the oral cavity on the cheek opposite the upper 2nd molar (Sth cheek tooth). Prior to applying sialography to live animals, the technique of catheterization, injection and radiography had to be developed, which was carried out on cadaver heads. Subsequently the technique was applied to 5 live animals. The animals were sedated, the mandibular and parotid ducts catheterized, and contrast medium was injected into each gland. Latero-lateral radiographs were made immediately after the injection. The normal bovine mandibular and parotid glands, as depicted on sialograms, have a multilobutated appearance in cadaver heads, but in the live animal only the ducts and their smaller branches could be identified. The parotid duct leaves the deep surface of the rostral end of the gland and courses along the border of the masseter muscle before it enters the mouth. The mean diameter of the duct was 4.2 ± 0.3 mm. The mandibular duct is composed of a rostral and a caudal branch. The caudal branch describes a semi circular turn prior to joining the rostral branch. The mean diameter of the main duct was 2.8 ± 0.4 mm.     

Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius carriage by healthy dogs and comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns to isolates from dogs with pyoderma

We conducted an epidemiological study of Staphylococcus intermedius using arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) and antibiograms. One hundred and twenty-five S. intermedius isolates were recovered from the oral cavity and/or cranial hair coat of healthy dogs enrolled in a pet therapy program. Commensal S. intermedius was cultured from 32% of the oral cavity cultures and 13% of the cranial hair coat cultures. We characterized the colonization of the dogs as transient, intermittent, or persistent. For dogs characterized as persistently colonized, 73% of the isolates came from the oral cavity. These isolates were also genotyped by AP-PCR. A single major AP-PCR type was observed in 91% of the dogs (n=22); minor variations were frequently observed in these major types. Antibiograms of these commensal isolates were compared to antibiograms from 97 historical clinical isolates (1988-1992) obtained from cases of canine pyoderma. Resistance was most often observed to penicillin (64% and 55%) and tetracycline (38% and 38%) among the commensal and clinical isolates, respectively. The commensal isolates were significantly less resistant to erythromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Our data suggests that differences in both genotype and antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes exist among S. intermedius strains isolated from different anatomic sites from the same dog and supports the opportunistic nature of S. intermedius in canine infections.     

犬口腔增生物的病理变化观察

犬口腔增生物是犬疾病中常见的一种,近年来在宠物疾病临床上频繁发生且呈逐年扩大的趋势.为对本病的诊断及治疗提供病理学依据,实验采用病理组织石蜡切片的方法,对一例犬口腔增生物进行了病理学的观察与诊断.病理组织学观察结果主要为棘细胞层高度或显著不规则增生,大量炎性细胞浸润,表明该口腔增生物是一种假瘤样增生.     

Sialography of sheep parotid and mandibular salivary glands

The anatomy of ovine salivary glands was studied on cadaver heads. The mandibular duct enters the oral cavity on the ventral surface of sublingual caruncles, which are located medial to the orifice of the ventral sublingual gland duct. The parotid gland duct enters the oral cavity on the cheek opposite the upper 2nd molar. Prior to applying sialography to live animals, the procedure was carried out on cadaver heads then the live animals were sedated, the mandibular and parotid ducts catheterized and contrast medium was injected into each gland. Lateral radiographs were made immediately after the injection. The normal sheep mandibular and parotid salivary glands have a multilobular appearance in cadaver heads, but in live animal only the ducts and their smaller branches could be identified. The mean diameter of mandibular and parotid duct were 1.4+/-0.3 mm and 3. 1+/-1.0 mm respectively. The monostomatic sublingular gland had a slender shape in the sialogram. In conclusion sialography of mandibular, parotid and sublingual salivary glands in sheep is practical and can be helpful in diagnosis of pathological conditions of these glands.     

Clinical outcome in 20 cases of lingual hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 1996–2011

With the exception of solar‐induced dermal hemangiosarcoma (HSA), the biologic behaviour of canine HSA is characterised by rapid tumour growth, a high metastatic rate and short survival times. Outcome of dogs with HSA of the tongue has not been previously reported. The purpose of this study was to assess outcome and prognostic factors in dogs with lingual HSA. Clinical data was collected retrospectively and histopathology was reviewed for 20 dogs. Median progression free survival was 524 days and the median overall survival time was 553 days. All dogs had low or intermediate grade tumours; most tumours were small and located on the ventral surface of the tongue. Prognostic factors significantly associated with increased survival included small tumour size and absence of clinical signs of an oral mass at the time of diagnosis. Dogs with HSA confined to the tongue may have a better prognosis compared with HSA in other organs.     

Prognostic evaluation of Ki67 threshold value in canine oral melanoma

Oral melanoma is a common canine cancer with a historically poor prognosis. Recent evidence suggests that a subset of cases may have a more favorable outcome, defined as long-term survival in the absence of intervention other than initial surgery. Traditional histological parameters have had prognostic significance in some studies but not in others, potentially due to interobserver variation. We evaluated the prognostic utility of Ki67 immunohistochemistry in a group of 79 canine oral melanomas using a technique easily applied in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory. A threshold Ki67 value of >19.5 had a sensitivity and specificity of 87.1% and 85.4%, respectively, at predicting death or euthanasia due to melanoma by 1 year postdiagnosis. Threshold values for classical histological parameters were also identified for most cases and were >4 (>30%; sensitivity = 83.9%, specificity = 86.0%) for the nuclear atypia score and >4/10 hpfs (sensitivity = 90.3%, specificity = 84.4%) for the mitotic index. In this study, the percentages correctly classified with respect to death by 1 year postdiagnosis were comparable for Ki67 (86.1%, 68/79), the nuclear atypia score (86.3%, 63/73), and the mitotic index (86.8%, 66/76). High pigmentation (>50%) had a high negative predictive value of 90.9% (18/20), but overall, only 61.0% (47/77) of cases could be correctly classified by this parameter. Based on these results, we recommend a panel of prognostic parameters, including the nuclear atypia score, the mitotic index, Ki67, and pigmentation quantification to more accurately predict the likely outcome of canine oral melanomas.     

In vitro force mapping of normal canine humeroradial and humeroulnar joints

OBJECTIVE: To determine the distribution of force between the articular surfaces of the humerus and radius and between the humerus and ulna in normal canine forelimbs. SAMPLE POPULATION: 12 cadaveric canine right forelimbs. PROCEDURE: Transarticular force maps were created by placing a tactile array pressure sensor into the elbow joint cavity and loading cadaveric forelimbs in a materials testing system. Mean joint forces were determined at loads of 50, 100, 150, and 200 N. RESULTS: All tests produced 2 distinct areas of high load that corresponded with the proximal articular surfaces of the radius and ulna. Mean forces for the radial proximal articular surface were slightly but significantly greater than for the ulna, averaging 51% to 52% of total force for all applied loads. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The proximal articular surface of the ulna contributes substantially to load transfer through the canine elbow joint. Abnormalities, which increase this load, might contribute to canine elbow joint dysplasia, specifically fragmentation of the medial coronoid process and osteochondritis dissecans of the medial aspect of the humeral condyle. In the treatment of these conditions, the normal force distribution within the canine elbow joint should be taken into consideration.