毛木耳液体菌种的研究及栽培试验

研究了毛木耳的液体培养条件,确定了适宜培养基配方为葡萄糖3%、麦麸10%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.02%、KH2PO40.1%;250 mL三角瓶适宜培养条件为每瓶装液量90 mL,接种量10%,pH值5.0～7.0,培养温度26℃～29℃,培养时间4 d.栽培试验表明,菌种制备时间缩短了11 d～12 d,头茬出耳时间提前了6 d.     

利用液体菌种进行地栽黑木耳试验

我们自 2 0 0 2年 8月中旬至 11月上旬 ,进行了黑木耳液体菌种生产及应用效果的研究 ,现将利用液体菌种与固体菌种地栽黑木耳的对比试验过程及结果简报如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　供试菌种　黑木耳 998斜面母种及黑木耳 998液体专用母种 ,由朝阳市食用菌研究所液体菌种研究室提供。1 2　固体二级种的生产　用 5 0 0mL酒瓶盛装 ,瓶装干料 175g。培养基配方为 :杂木屑 83%、红糖1%、麦麸 15 %、石膏 1%。用斜面母种每支接 6瓶。接种后置 2 5℃的条件下培养 ,2 4h可见种块萌发 ,长满全瓶需 35d。1 3　液体菌种的生产　用COY -Ⅰ型液体菌种培养…     

糙皮侧耳液体菌种培养条件的初步研究

研究了糙皮侧耳液体菌种适宜的培养条件、培养周期与贮存期。结果表明,糙皮侧耳液体菌种适宜的培养基配方为蔗糖2％,玉米粉4％,麦麸3％,酵母粉0．3％,KH2PO4 0．25％,MgSO4 7H2O 0．1％,ZnSO4 0．05％,pH6．17。摇瓶培养装液量80mL／250mL,摇床转速150r/min,接种量10％,培养周期6d,菌种于3d内用完为宜。     

金针菇液体菌种培养基及培养条件的优化

液体菌种的应用是金针菇工厂化生产的关键技术和发展趋势。本研究以金针菇21作为供试菌株,通过摇瓶培养,比较了不同碳源和氮源对液体菌种质量的影响,结果发现,玉米粉为最佳碳源,麸皮为最佳氮源;通过正交试验对培养条件进行优化,结果显示,摇床转速150 r/min、装液量60 mL(三角瓶,250 mL容量)、接种量12%(V/V)、培养温度22℃时所得液体菌种质量最优,菌丝干质量达1.821 5 g/100 mL。栽培试验结果显示,菌龄5 d的液体菌种最适合栽培应用,栽培周期比使用固体菌种短,产量也高约5.8%。     

杏鲍菇液体菌种的制备研究

对杏鲍菇液体培养基的碳氮源进行筛选,表明杏鲍菇科杏2号菌株最适碳、氮源均为麦麸皮.采用单因素试验对杏鲍菇液体菌种的摇床培养条件进行研究.结果表明:以100/250 mL装液量,10%接种量,30℃下180 rpm转速培养6 d,菌丝生物量最大.采用该液体菌种栽培杏鲍菇,菌丝满袋时间缩短12 d.     

平菇液体菌种的制备条件及应用研究

对平菇液体菌种的培养基和培养条件进行筛选研究,结果表明其适宜的培养基组分为玉米粉6%、KH2PO40.05%、MgSO40.05%、VB110mg;适宜摇瓶的培养条件为:装量150mL、培养温度20℃、摇床转速150 r.min-1、接种量15%。使用液体菌种做中间种能缩短原种和栽培种制种周期。     

双孢蘑菇液体菌种培养条件优化及还原型液体菌种制备

以双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)As2796菌株为试材,采用单因素试验和响应面法,研究了摇瓶培养双孢蘑菇液体菌种的最佳条件,以期为高效制备双孢蘑菇液体菌种和还原型液体菌种提供参考依据.结果 表明:在加富培养基中,培养料浸提液添加量为50％,过氧化钙浓度为0.0100 g·(100mL)-1,250 mL三角瓶装液量为80 mL时,双孢蘑菇液体菌种的生物量达到0.95 g·(100mL)-1,比加富培养基提高了57.3％.得到的液体菌种经过抽滤浓缩后,用胶Y固化制备的还原型液体菌种,4℃保存30 d,仍保持固化前的生长速度.     

香菇液体深层发酵优化研究

以香菇菌株辽香6号为供试材料进行液体菌种生产的配方和工艺优化研究。结果香菇菌株辽香6号的液体深层发酵条件:培养基为玉米粉2%,红糖1%,麸皮2%,酵母粉1%,KH2PO40.2%,MgSO4·7H2O0.1%的培养基,接种量为0.5cm2菌种块4块,培养温度25℃,摇瓶前静置时间24h,摇床转速150r/min,培养时间8d为宜。     

茶树菇液体菌种培养基、培养条件的筛选及其应用

茶树菇(Agrocybe cylindracea)液体菌种的培养是工厂化生产的关键技术和发展趋势。本研究以广昌2号茶树菇作为供试菌株,通过摇瓶培养,以菌丝体生物量为指标,筛选到适合茶树菇液体培养的培养基为豆粕粉0.4%、葡萄糖2%、MgSO_4 0.1%、KH_2PO_4 0.1%,最适培养温度为26℃,pH值6.5;通过栽培试验发现茶树菇液体菌种栽培周期短,相比固体菌种,更适合工厂化栽培应用。     

巴西蘑菇液体摇瓶培养基和培养条件的优化

通过巴西蘑菇菌丝在液体摇瓶培养基内培养,结果表明,液体培养基最佳碳源是葡萄糖,最佳氮源是酵母膏;以菌丝体生物量为测量指标,采用正交试验方法筛选出巴西蘑菇液体摇瓶最佳培养基为葡萄糖2%、玉米粉2%、酵母膏0.75%、豆饼粉2%、KH2PO4 0.2%、MgSO4 0.1%;最佳培养条件为装液量每500 mL装150 mL,接种量15%,转速160 r.min-1,培养温度28℃,8 d。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.