森柏尔保鲜剂在苹果 香梨保鲜上的试验

用浓度0.8%、1.0%、1.2%的Semperfresh在6个苹果品种和香梨上进行保鲜试验,经处理的苹果和香梨的果肉硬度、可溶性固形物、好果率都明显优于对照。维生素C、总酸度、总糖下降也少。     

~(60)Coγ射线辐照处理对加拿大转基因大豆品质的影响

本文利用60Co-γ射线对加拿大进口转基因大豆进行了200Gy4、00Gy6、00Gy和1000Gy的辐照处理,研究了不同剂量对进境转基因大豆品质的影响,结果表明,对照水分低于各辐照处理组,且在0.05水平存在显著性差异;各辐照剂量对大豆蛋白质含量、矿物质元素的含量与对照之间没有显著性差异;200Gy4、00Gy、600Gy辐照后的大豆脂肪含量略低于对照,在0.05水平差异性显著,1000Gy剂量辐照与对照之间没有显著性差异。笔者认为1000Gy以下的辐照剂量对大豆的品质影响甚微。     

辐照检疫处理对葡萄采后生理影响的初步研究

探讨辐照检疫处理对葡萄采后生理的影响,为其在新鲜葡萄中的实际应用提供理论依据。本文利用加速器产生的X射线对进口秘鲁葡萄进行了200Gy、400Gy和600Gy不同剂量的辐照处理,初步研究了辐照对葡萄呼吸强度、硬度、酸度以及糖度等贮藏品质的影响,结果表明,200Gy和400Gy剂量辐照能够显著抑制葡萄的呼吸作用,各剂量辐照对其他生理品质影响不大。考虑到辐照对有害生物的辐射效应,     

钙肥对渭北旱原苹果产量和品质的影响

对渭北旱原红富士苹果进行了不同生育期不同处理喷施钙肥研究,结果表明,钙肥能有效提高红富士苹果的产量和品质,并能降低果实的发病率和储藏烂果率,尤其以盛果期喷施硝酸钙加奈乙酸处理的产量、硬度、含糖量、维生素C分别比对照增加86.50%、9.99%、31.8%和47.84%,发病率仅为6.7%,烂果率也低于对照72.97%,果实的氯离子和硝酸根离子也低于对照。由此可见,苹果施用钙肥应以叶面喷施为主,盛花期喷施效果最佳。     

Co~(60)γ射线辐照处理对苹果中微量元素的影响

本文利用60Co-γ射线对储藏期红富士苹果进行了200Gy、400Gy、600Gy和1kGy的辐照处理,研究了不同剂量对苹果中微量元素的影响,结果表明,辐照对苹果中大部分微量元素含量的影响无明显规律,但辐照后12d,对照与各处理之间的Zn元素含量存在显著差异,且Zn元素含量随剂量增加呈现递减的趋势。     

磷化氢和辐照复合处理对桔小实蝇的控制技术研究

桔小实蝇严重危害水果健康，是世界范围内的检疫性有害生物，通常在贸易前需进行检疫处理，由于单一处理技术均有局限性，复合处理技术成为检疫处理的趋势。本文开展了常温磷化氢熏蒸和辐照复合处理对桔小实蝇影响的研究，结果表明，25℃条件下，3龄幼虫为复合处理最耐受虫态，磷化氢熏蒸对辐照有增效作用，以ED_99.9968测算，0.278、0.862和1.443 g/m³磷化氢复合处理协同比率分别为2.21、1.98和1.95。0.862 g/m³磷化氢和60 Gy辐照复合处理南丰蜜桔后5℃储存21 d，维生素C含量增加，转至25℃储藏7 d后对南丰蜜桔硬度、可溶性糖、酸度、维生素C含量无显著影响。     

γ射线辐照处理对香蕉品质的影响

本文利用60Co-γ射线对菲律宾进口绿熟期香蕉进行了200Gy、400Gy、600Gy和1KGy的辐照处理,研究了不同剂量对香蕉品质的影响,结果表明,200Gy和400Gy辐照处理可以延长香蕉货架期,1KGy的辐照剂量可造成香蕉生理损伤;不同剂量对香蕉营养成分的影响甚微。建议辐照保持香蕉品质的最适剂量为400Gy。     

60Co γ射线辐照对桃小食心虫卵发育的影响初报

用60Coγ射线对桃小食心虫(Carposina sasakii Matsmura)3日龄和5日龄卵进行辐照处理,辐照卵在苹果上发育的结果表明:20～140 Gy的亚致死剂量对卵的孵化率没有显著影响,辐照卵发育为幼虫的脱果率和成虫的羽化率均随着剂量的提高而显著降低;100 Gy和140 Gy不能完全阻止3、5日龄卵发育为老熟幼虫;经60Gy辐照处理,3、5日龄卵羽化率差异显著,机率值分析也表明3日龄卵的敏感性大于5日龄卵。机率值分析预测出阻止5日龄卵发育出现成虫的剂量为161.4 Gy,5日龄卵为成熟卵,其辐照耐受性最强,建议将160 Gy作为桃小食心虫卵检疫辐照处理的最低吸收剂量。     

氧硫化碳熏蒸处理对苹果贮藏品质的影响

氧硫化碳作为一种新型环保的溴甲烷替代熏蒸剂,在水果检疫处理中可能有着广泛的应用前景.本文探讨了25℃条件下不同剂量氧硫化碳熏蒸处理对苹果主要贮藏品质指标的影响.结果表明,处理组苹果呼吸作用在熏蒸过程被显著增强,却在储藏期间被抑制;熏蒸处理对储藏期苹果的失重有显著的抑制作用;熏蒸处理对储藏期苹果的硬度、可溶性糖和总酸度均无明显影响;90 g/m3的氧硫化碳熏蒸4h,苹果表皮无药害.     

^60Co-γ射线辐照对莲雾、番木瓜果实营养成分的影响

本文以莲雾、番木瓜为试材,研究了用不同剂量60Co-γ射线辐照莲雾、番木瓜果实后,对其品质的影响.结果表明,不同剂量辐照莲雾果实在辐照第3 d和第7 d外观均明显优于未辐照果实,糖度较对照高,Vc、有机酸、可溶性固形物与对照无明显差异;不同剂量辐照番木瓜果实外观均与对照无明显差异,还原糖、蔗糖、总糖、有机酸、Vc、可溶性固形物与未辐照果实差异不明显.     

Investigation of the Mode of Action of Nematode Neuropeptides

The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway.     

厚朴病虫害种类的初步调查

采用标准地法和线路调查法,对湖北恩施市新塘乡双河厚朴基地的厚朴病虫害进行了系统调查,记录主要虫害13种,其中叶部害虫9种,枝干害虫2种,根部害虫2种。厚朴主要病害5种。藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴新丽斑蚜为湖北省首次报道,小绿叶蝉为厚朴新寄主记录种。同时记录了藤壶蚧的天敌6种,其中寄生小蜂2种,瓢虫4种;厚朴新丽斑蚜的天敌昆虫8种。对藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴苗木根腐病等重要病虫害的发生规律进行了初步调查,同时提出了防治建议。     

Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere.     

棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析

 选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM₄₃₃和EM₁₁₀。     

Mode of action of etoxazole

The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition.     

青稞种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。     

黑麦草属DNA条形码鉴定技术研究

以毒麦、田毒麦、多花黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、硬直黑麦草、高羊茅与狗牙根等禾本科的7种植物为材料,拟采用 DNA 测序、特异性位点比对、种间遗传距离测定、建立系统树等分析候选 DNA 条形码 psbA-trnH 鉴别黑麦草属常见植物的能力。实验结果表明,以 psbA-trnH 为 DNA 条形码时,建立的系统发育树能较好区分毒麦和田毒麦与其他几种植物。psbA-trnH 序列可以作为黑麦草属植物的潜在条形码。     

百合地下害虫主要种类调查及生物（源）农药筛选

调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。     

Effects of different temperature treatments on dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates of Sclerotium cepivorum

The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days.     

Allelopathy of buckwheat: Assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of aerial parts of buckwheat and identification of fagomine and other related alkaloids as allelochemicals

The allelopathic potential of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) was investigated. Field study showed that living buckwheat reduced weed biomass compared with plots without buckwheat. Laboratory study revealed that root exudates suppressed root and shoot growth of weeds and reduced weed dry weight. Sequential partitioning of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of buckwheat showed that the chloroform extract caused an 80% reduction in radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings at a concentration of less than 100 p.p.m. Fagomine, 4-piperidone and 2-piperidinemethanol were isolated and identified by ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance from the chloroform extract. These compounds caused a 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings at concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. These results suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 3 might act as allelochemicals and affect the growth or germination of different plant species.