洲滩型地区牛血吸虫病流行动态分析

目的准确掌握洲滩型血吸虫病流行动态,考核评估血防措施及效果。方法在洲滩型血吸虫病疫区设点,进行系统的调查观测。结果两个观测点牛血吸虫病感染率、阳性螺密度、野粪阳性率均居高不下或在较高水平徘徊。结论洲滩型血吸虫病流行区仍是当前我国疫情最严重的地区,实施查治和扩大化疗的防治对策收效不大,必须由政府部门出台优惠政策,采取强制性措施,在感染季节禁止放牧,控制传染源扩散,净化草洲,才能有效控制疫情。     

水渠型地区耕牛血吸虫病疫情动态调查与分析

目的摸清水渠型地区耕牛血吸虫病流行特点和规律,准确评估各种防治措施的成效;方法在水渠型地区湖北省潜江市熊口镇设点,进行流行病学调查观测,统计分析各种调查数据;结果人和耕牛血吸虫病感染率、活螺密度和阳性螺密度均呈先降后升的态势;结论水渠型疫区采用查治和扩大化疗及环改灭螺措施,可使血吸虫病疫情稳步下降。但一旦查治、扩大化疗和环改灭螺力度减弱,再受洪涝灾害疫情、螺情就会迅速反弹,充分表明血防工作必须常抓不懈,坚持反复斗争,才能有效地巩固血防成果。     

洲垸型地区牛血吸虫病流行动态分析

目的分析1993~2007年两个洲垸型血吸虫病流行病学观测点调查数据,评估各种防治措施实施的效果,为策划和调整防治对策提供科学依据。方法根据＂观测点方案＂要求开展人、畜血吸虫病疫情、螺情、野粪等调查,统计分析各项指标。结果2个洲垸型观测点耕牛血吸虫病感染率分别由设点时（1993年）的28.5%和11.99%下降至2007年的6.13%和2.83%,人群血吸虫病血检阳性率仍在高水平上徘徊,垸内残存螺点极少且找不到感染性钉螺,垸外螺情变化不大。结论调查表明洲垸型地区仍是我国血吸虫病流行最严重的地区,垸外钉螺面积大,密度高,难以实施有效的药物灭螺,耕牛常年在湖洲上放牧感染血吸虫病并传播病原,这类地区是以畜源性为主的血吸虫病流行区,只有加强对放牧家畜的管理,才能有效地控制血吸虫病疫情。     

山丘型疫区牛血吸虫病疫情动态调查分析

山丘型疫区是在我国分布最广的血吸虫病流行区。为摸清山丘型疫区流行特点和规律，正确评估防治效果，为制订防控对策提供依据，通过对一个有代表性的试点进行19年（1993-2011年）连续调查观测，观测点牛和人群血吸虫病感染率分别下降98．1％、99．2％。表明山丘型血吸虫病流行区由于自然环境特殊，疫区呈点状或带状分布，加大查治力度可迅速使疫情大幅下降。但要彻底阻断血吸虫病传播还必须注重对钉螺孳生环境的改造和加强对放牧家畜的管理。     

牛血吸虫病的流行与诊治

牛血吸虫病是由裂体属血吸虫或裂体虫所引起的一种人兽共患寄生虫病.通常引起我国人畜血吸虫病流行的主要是日本血吸虫.其成虫寄生于终宿主门静脉和肠系膜静脉,虫卵聚集于肝脏、肠道等器官组织中,引起特征性虫卵结节.     

鄱阳湖区血吸虫病流行病学调查与疫情分析

为了调查湖区血吸虫病流行环境与传染源构比,找出主要传染源、传播途径和场所,进一步揭示流行规律,为制定血防对策提供依据.调查范围为鄱阳县及两乡四村.结果,草洲钉螺占99.4%,90%以上牛上洲放牧,人粪流放率31%,其中渔民78%,牛粪流放率78%,其中64%直接污染草洲水体,野粪构比中牛占92.8%,传播粪量牛占98.85%,人占0.96%,其中渔民占0.12%.结论认为湖区疫情重,主要传染源是牛,主要感染途径是接触疫水,疫水形成的主因是牛上洲放牧,主要感染场所是草洲及周边水体.增加血防投入,稳定队伍,实施查治病和＂四个突破＂为主体的防治策略,控制畜源性传染源,净化环境与草洲,切断传播途径,才能有效控制血吸虫病.     

1993～1999年麻塘垸牛羊血吸虫病疫情动态调查

岳阳县麻塘垸是湖南省血吸虫病高危地区民是血吸虫是间宿主－钉螺孳生自然场所,为了准确地掌握该地区牛羊血吸虫病的疫情及其变化动态。自１９９３￣１９９９年连续对该地区牛羊（羊自１９９５年才逐渐发展）血吸虫病疫情进行了系统调查,共查耕牛７７０７头次,查出病牛３９０头次,平均感染率为５．０６％,查羊３４６次,查出病羊８２只次,感染率为２３．７％,基本上摸清了疫情及其动态变化。通过宣传教育,反复查治及综合治理有效地遏制疫情大幅度回升,但仍在一定水平上徘徊,进一步认识了血防工作的长期性、艰巨性和经常性。     

牛腹泻病流行病学调查与分析

养殖业迅猛发展,农业产业结构的转型、升级、畜产品市场需求供给发生巨大变化,动物疫病严重制约养殖业健康发展。由于肉牛、奶牛生产中长期存在病毒性腹泻病的临床病例,通过对养殖环节开展流行病学调查以及对从临床收集的腹泻样品、肛拭子样品和对应的血清样本进行实验室检测,结果发现腹泻病主要由轮状病毒、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、冠状病毒、魏氏梭菌、病毒性腹泻等病原引起。为有效防控腹泻病发生给养殖业造成损失,围场满族蒙古族自治县动物疫病预防控制中心、河北省科技师范学院对围场县及部分地市开展了流行病学调查、采样检测、实验室诊断等项工作并进行分析,并提出了相应防控措施。     

湖北荆州地区牛血吸虫病流行病学调查

用血清学诊断法,顶管毛蚴孵化法,饱和食盐水漂浮虫卵法等检测湖北荆州地区牛血吸虫感染情况。结果显示,血清学检查阳性率为17.92%,饱和食盐水漂浮虫卵法检查阳性率为19.46%,粪便毛蚴孵化法检查阳性率为16.04%。提示,阳性牛以重、轻度感染居多,该地区是血吸虫病的老疫区,牛血吸虫病比较严重。     

牛血吸虫病疫苗现状与展望

牛血吸虫病是由牛血吸虫引起的在世界许多地区广为流行的一种较为严重的寄生虫病。目前，用于控制该病的疫苗有辐射致弱的牛血吸虫尾蚴或幼虫疫苗、牛血吸虫成虫疫苗、全虫卵抗原疫苗和特异性抗原疫苗。其中辐射致弱的牛血吸虫尾蚴或幼虫疫苗可部分抵抗牛血吸虫感染，但这种疫苗需要致病性的活尾蚴或能生存的幼虫才能诱导免疫保护。实验免疫接种无活力的牛血吸虫抗原疫苗的牛未能产生保护作用。近来，细胞免疫学和分子生物学新技术的     

江宁区新生洲垦种养殖灭螺防病效果观察

新生洲是南京市江宁区长江中的一个洲滩 ,面积 6 .84 km2 ,1981年发现有螺面积 2 2万 m2 ,1996年血吸虫病暴发流行 ,人、牛、猪和羊血吸虫病感染率分别为 5 0 %、98.0 8%、6 0 %和 6 7.5 % ,1997年钉螺面积猛增到 4 2 6万 m2 ,为了改变洲上疫情进一步加剧的态势 ,1998年在洲上开展了垦种养殖 ,禁养耕牛 ,发展养鸡、鸭生产 ,综合开发灭螺防病效果试验 ,通过连续 3年试验 ,取得了显著的灭螺防病效果 ,有效地控制了血吸虫病疫情     

对当地新城疫疫情的调查分析

鸡新城疫（ND）是由禽Ⅰ型副粘病毒中新城疫病毒引起的鸡的一种急性、高度接触性、帔血性传染病．已被国际兽疫局列为对动物危害最大的A类传染病。近年来，由于ND疫苗和免疫程序的不断改进．该病在很大程度上得到了控制，以高发病率、高死亡率、暴发性为特征的典型新城疫的发病率明显下降。而以低死亡季、高淘汰率、散发的非典型新城疫（CND）的发病率则有所上升。     

某地区养猪场生物安全调查分析

为了解福建某地区生猪养殖环节目前的生物安全水平,提升动物疫病防控工作的针对性、科学性,于2020年3~4月采用问卷调查和现场调查相结合的方式,对该地区现有的51个养殖场(户)进行调查。结果显示:该地区现有养殖场均具备基本生物安全硬件设施,制度执行基本到位,但存在部分场址位置、场区布局不合理,人员与车辆管理不到位,从业人员水平良莠不齐等问题。建议持续推进规范化养殖场建设,提升从业人员疫病防控水平,加大监督检查力度,全面提高该地区养殖场的生物安全水平。     

新疆南疆地区牛乳头瘤病毒1型的鉴定及基因型分析

对新疆南疆某农户疑似感染牛乳头瘤样本进行病原鉴定及基因分型.采集疑似感染乳头瘤病变组织,进行病理组织学检查,并以乳头瘤病毒(BPV)L1基因特异性引物(MY09/MY11)进行PCR扩增、测序,以及L1基因核苷酸同源性比对、系统进化树分析.结果:患牛体表多处生长有菜花样瘤状物呈扁圆形且大小不一,病理组织学观察可见部分肿...     

南京地区犬尿石症的调查及尿结石成分的分析

对南京地区5家具有代表性的动物医院中近2年犬尿石症临床病例进行了系统调查,并应用傅立叶红外光谱、扫描电镜结合X-射线能谱对84个自然病例的尿石样品的成分作了分析。结果表明:(1):南京地区犬尿石症的发病率为0.58%~1.31%,其中雄性占54.02%,雌性占45.98%。(2)南京地区犬尿结石有4种类型,即磷酸铵镁(鸟粪石)、草酸钙、尿酸盐和磷酸钙。描述了各种结石的显微结构特征,并讨论了犬尿石症的发病原因。     

Economic evaluation of the production impact of bovine schistosomiasis and vaccination in the Sudan

This study was done to evaluate the estimated economic consequences of the recent discovery that an irradiated Schistosoma bovis vaccine was effective in reducing mortality and intensity of infection in cattle after field exposure to S. bovis in the White Nile province. The benefits and costs were hypothesized to occur over a 5-year period starting after the vaccine had been further developed to optimal commercial usefulness.

The potential benefits of vaccination are from the avoidance of mortality and growth delay losses caused by S. bovis infection and were based on an owner survey conducted in 1981. These benefits were discounted from the time of their potential marketing opportunity to the first year of a vaccination program at 15% per annum and were valued on a basis of 1982 prices for live cattle exported to Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Variations in benefits stem from degree of infection probability, mortality and morbidity estimates and percent of animals vaccinated. Since clinical schistosomiasis (“gorag” — sunken-eyed appearance) and associated production losses occur almost exclusively in 6- to 30-month-old cattle, and there is evidence for long-term immunity, vaccinations would be given to cattle in this age-specific group or younger once in their lifetime. The principal variation in vaccination program costs, also valued at 1982 prices, is from vaccine production costs; $0.50 or $4.00 per dose. A vaccine efficacy of 70%, observed in a previously reported field trial, was used in these calculations.

Present value benefit—cost (b–c) ratios were estimated for the central, western and southern areas for high- and low-level effects of S. bovis impact on production and the vaccination program, cost and effectiveness. In an area (central provinces) of high infection probability (90%), high percentage of animals vaccinated (90%), high mortality (7.1%), and low vaccine production costs, the b–c ratio was 12.7. In contrast, a b–c ratio of 0.7 was estimated for an area (southern provinces) assuming low infection probability (50%), low percent of animals vaccinated (50%), lower mortality (3.55%) and high vaccine production costs. Potential returns from increased future milk and calf production and from faster herd build-up with younger females were not included in these benefit calculations. These results indicate that under most conditions further development of the vaccine and cost-effective vaccine production techniques would yield very favorable returns from improved livestock production efficiency in the Sudan. Export prices were assumed to not vary significantly with increased supply of export-quality cattle resulting from the estimated production losses avoided by vaccination against schistosomiasis.     

Complete genome and phylogenetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 15 in Southern Xinjiang dairy cow

BackgroundBovine papilloma is a neoplastic disease caused by bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs), which were recently divided into 5 genera and at least 24 genotypes.ObjectivesThe complete genome sequence of BPV type 15 (BPV Aks-02), a novel putative BPV type from skin samples from infected cows in Southern Xinjiang China, was determined by collecting warty lesions, followed by DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing.MethodsDNA was analyzed initially by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the degenerate primers FAP59 and FAP64. The complete genome sequences of the BPV Aks-02 were amplified by PCR using the amplification primers and sequencing primers. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed using bio-informatic software.ResultsThe nucleotide sequence of the L1 open reading frame (ORF) of BPV Aks-02 was 75% identity to the L1 ORF of BPV-9 reference strain from GenBank. The complete genome consisted of 7,189 base pairs (G + C content of 42.50%) that encoded 5 early (E8, E7, E1, E2, and E4) and 2 late (L1 and L2) genes. The E7 protein contained a consensus CX₂CX₂₉CX₂C zinc-binding domain and a LxCxE motif. Among the different members of this group, the percentages of the complete genome and ORFs (including 5 early and 2 late ORFs) sequence identity of BPV Aks-02 were closer to the genus Xipapillomavirus 1 of the Xipapillomavirus genus. Phylogenetic analysis and sequence similarities based on the L1 ORF of BPV Aks-02 revealed the same cluster.ConclusionsThe results suggest that BPV type (BPV Aks-02) clustered with members of the Xipapillomavirus genus as BPV 15 and were closely related to Xipapillomavirus 1.