施磷对太湖流域水稻田磷素径流流失形态的影响

基于整个水稻生长期内天然降雨径流的田间试验,研究不同施磷水平(0,30,75,150kg/hm2)对水稻田径流磷素的组成形态及损失量的影响。结果表明,不同施磷量在水稻生长初期,对径流中不同形态磷浓度的影响较大,且随着施磷量的增加,不同形态磷的浓度都在增加,但增加幅度最大的是溶解态总磷(DP)和溶解态无机磷(DIP)浓度,即DP/TP从27.9%增加到43.7%,表明施磷肥能促进水稻田磷素径流DP的流失;DIP/DP从46.2%上升到64.2%,而DOP/DP从51.8%下降到35.8%,说明磷肥能增加水稻田磷素径流DIP浓度;颗粒态总磷(PP)占总磷(TP)56.3%～72.1%,表明所有施磷处理中径流携带的磷均以PP为主。在整个植稻期内,产生了6次径流,但水田径流磷素的流失主要发生在第一次,即施肥后不久,可见施肥与径流发生的时间间隔是决定径流磷素损失的重要因素。     

不同养分管理措施下常年菜地磷、钾养分径流流失特征

为研究不同养分管理措施下菜地磷、钾养分径流流失特征,采用田间小区试验方法,设置对照(CK)和有机肥配施不同用量化肥处理(N0,化肥氮空白;CON,习惯施肥;OPT,优化施肥;OPT+N,优化增氮;OPT+P,优化增磷;OPT+NPK,优化增氮磷钾)。结果表明,不同处理下可溶性总磷、颗粒态磷和总磷径流浓度分别为0.015～0.500、0.004～0.623 mg·L~(-1)和0.093～0.876 mg·L~(-1),施磷明显增加径流水可溶性磷浓度,对总磷和颗粒态磷浓度影响较小。不同处理径流水总磷浓度均不同程度超地表水Ⅴ类标准(GB3838—2002),且施磷量最高的OPT+NPK处理总磷超标率高达56%。总磷年流失负荷为4.37～4.93 kg·hm~(-2),施肥处理磷流失负荷均低于对照,不同处理间总磷流失负荷无明显差异。不同处理的钾径流浓度为4.7～83.0 mg·L~(-1),年流失负荷为176.9～331.7 kg·hm~(-2),流失系数为4.5%～15.7%。施钾显著增加菜地钾的流失负荷,施钾量最高的OPT+NPK处理钾流失负荷最高,肥料N/K2O比例最高的OPT+N处理钾流失负荷最低。研究表明,不同养分管理措施下菜地磷径流损失无明显变化,而OPT+N处理钾流失负荷及流失系数均最低,蔬菜实际生产中氮、钾合理配施有利于降低钾的流失。     

不同土地利用方式下红壤磷素径流流失特征

土壤磷素流失已成为地表水富营养化的重要威胁,红壤在我国分布范围广、分布面积大,研究红壤磷素累积与流失特征可为红壤区农业面源污染控制、防止区域地表水污染提供科学依据。选取红壤区牧草地、休闲地、玉米地、菜地、大棚5种常见土地利用方式,采用人工模拟降雨方法,研究了红壤区不同土地利用方式下磷素累积状况、形态组成和随地表径流的迁移特征及其环境阈值。结果表明:(1)供试土壤Olsen-P含量的范围为6.81～178.17 mg/kg,土壤溶解态活性磷(CaCl_2-P)含量的范围为0.29～8.26 mg/kg,藻类可利用总磷(NaOH)的变化范围为30.34～369.81 mg/kg,不同利用方式红壤中均存在一定程度的磷素累积;(2)不同利用方式红壤的磷吸持指数PSI范围为31.95～47.05,均值大小表现为牧草地玉米地菜地休闲地大棚;(3)红壤地表径流中TP的浓度范围为0.245～2.073 mg/L,TDP浓度范围为0.023～0.308 mg/L,PP浓度范围为0.223～1.826 mg/L,不同场次降雨地表径流中TP和PP平均浓度和流失量大小与土壤表层Olsen-P含量分布规律一致,TDP平均浓度表现为大棚菜地旱地玉米牧草地休闲地,而TDP流失量却表现为大棚菜地牧草地休闲地旱地玉米;径流输出以PP为主,占TP的比例为82.46%～90.15%;(4)土壤Olsen-P与NaOH-P和CaCl_2-P存在极显著正相关,随着Olsen-P含量的增加,NaOH-P和CaCl_2-P提高,且Olsen-P与NaOH-P之间存在一个明显的"突变点",确定36.17 mg/kg为红壤磷素流失的环境阈值,同时还指出,径流TP浓度或流失量与土壤NaOH-P含量呈显著正相关。     

紫色土稻田磷素流失潜能及其水分管理研究

通过对紫色土稻田田面水和土壤样品磷素的分析,研究了水稻不同生育期田面水磷素含量和土壤磷素的含量特征。结果表明:田面水磷浓度随着施磷水平的提高而提高,水稻移栽后的2周内应禁止排水,这期间水稻的水分管理应采取浅水灌溉栽秧、浅水返青。田面水TP和DP浓度随时间(x)的变化呈极显著的对数(y=a.ln(x)+b)下降规律,可通过对数方程推算对环境影响小的排水时间。在水稻移栽后第36天和第86天总磷流失负荷分别为124～501g/hm2和40～211g/hm2。稻季施磷肥会造成对地下水体的污染,且田面水中磷浓度较高一直持续40天左右,稻田磷肥大量径流流失也主要发生在这一时期,要加强这期间的田间管理,并收集稻田的排水用于后期灌溉稻田。     

太湖流域典型蔬菜地磷流失因素的交互效应模型研究

本文通过野外径流小区试验,采用人工模拟降雨,研究了雨强、施磷水平、坡度以及植被覆盖度对菜地土壤磷素径流流失的影响.在此基础上,结合二次通用旋转组合设计方法,构建了土壤TP和PP浓度与雨强、施磷量和坡度之间关系的回归模型,并对各因子之间的交互作用进行了分析.结果表明,雨强、施磷量和坡度的增加,从而增加了土壤侵蚀,促进了径流中TP、DP和PP的流失;而小白菜在不同的生长期内,随着植被覆盖度的增加,产流历时延长,径流量减少,但与各形态磷流失浓度之间没有发现明显的相关关系.双因素交互效应表明,雨强和施磷量、施磷量和坡度以及雨强和坡度对径流中TP和PP浓度的影响存在一个值域,即降雨强度在中小雨强0.83～1.17mm·min-1,施磷量处在不施磷和低施磷≤30kg· hm-2,坡度为0°和3 °.低于这个值域时,其交互效应对径流中TP和PP浓度的影响不明显,高于这个值域时则都表现协同促进作用.因此,在农田管理上,应尽量采取措施削弱交互效应的协同促进作用,进而减弱土壤磷素径流流失对水环境的影响.     

保护性耕作与氮肥后移对巢湖流域麦田磷素流失的影响

农田磷素随地表径流向水体迁移可导致磷肥利用率降低、生产成本上升和环境污染风险增加,源头控制农田磷素流失对于治理巢湖水体富营养化具有重要意义。采用野外定位观测结合室内分析的研究方法,对2009—2010年冬小麦生长期间的径流、泥沙和磷素进行了监测与测定分析,研究了保护性耕作和氮肥后移对巢湖流域麦田P素径流损失及其对环境的影响。结果表明,相对于传统耕作处理（T）,传统耕作＋秸秆还田处理（TS）、氮肥后移处理（NFP）和少免耕＋秸秆还田＋氮肥后移（NTS＋NFP）径流量分别减少了20%、10%和22%,泥沙量分别减少了30%、14%和38%,表现出显著的水土保持作用。各处理径流液总磷（TP）浓度范围是0.095～0.360mg·L-1,其中,颗粒态磷（PP）是磷素随地表径流迁移的主要形式,约占TP的51%～69%。长期的保护性耕作提高径流液中溶解态磷（DP）的浓度,降低了PP的浓度,但TP浓度难以看出明显的变化规律,而氮肥后移降低了径流液中各形态磷的浓度。各处理TP流失量在0.060～0.079kg·hm-2之间,约占当季施磷量的0.2%。处理TS、NFP和NTS＋NFP与处理T相比,TP流失量分别减少了20%、21%和24%。作物生长情况显著影响土壤磷素的流失,地上部分生物量、地上部分吸磷量与径流TP的迁移量呈负相关关系。因此保护性耕作和氮肥后移可以作为源头控制农田磷素流失的较好措施加以推广。     

福州市郊菜地土壤磷素特征及流失潜能分析

对福州市郊11片蔬菜基地土样的磷素含量、等温吸附特征及流失潜能进行分析.结果表明:与林坡地自然土壤相比.菜地土壤全磷(2.043 g/kg)、速效磷(Oslen-P.182.893 mg/kg)和CaCl2-P(1.018 mg/kg)平均含量都呈现出明显的累积特征;菜地土壤可用Langmuir等温方程很好拟合(R2=0.991**～0.998**),其等温吸附特征值,如易解吸磷(RDP)、磷吸持饱和度(DPS)和磷零吸持平衡浓度(EPC0)均出现大幅度提高.而最大缓冲能力(MBC)和吸附常数K则明显降低;据Langmuir方程求得菜地土壤指导施磷量范围为11.62～67.37(P)kg/hm2,平均为27.18(P)kg/hm2;菜地土壤的速效磷和全磷含量均显著高于由回归方程求得的土壤发生磷素淋失的速效磷临界值(56.96 mg/kg)和全磷的临界值(1.146 g/kg);菜地土壤的DPS平均为23.12%,已经接近容易流失的阈值(25%),其中4片菜地土样的DPS已经超过容易流失的阈值.因此,福州市郊菜地土壤磷素具有很高的流失潜能,应作为农业面源磷污染控制的关键源区.     

模拟降雨条件下潮土磷素流失特征及影响因素研究

潮土是我国重要的耕作土壤,磷素的流失不仅影响土壤肥力和作物产量,而且会增加地表水环境的污染负荷.本研究采用人工模拟降雨试验方法,研究了不同降雨强度和坡度条件下,潮土径流中磷素的动态变化和径流中磷素流失特征,以期为控制潮土区径流面源污染提供理论依据.结果表明:(1)整个降雨过程中,径流中总磷(TP)和颗粒态磷(PP)变化...     

间作百喜草对坡地茶园磷流失的影响

茶园是南方种植业面源污染源之一，但不同茶园管理模式的磷流失存在差异，探析茶园间作的磷流失规律与特征，对科学评估生态茶园的农业面源污染减排效应具有重要意义。本文以福建省福州市宦溪镇生态茶园为研究对象，应用径流小区法开展长期定位试验，观测了2016～2018年16场降雨产流事件中顺坡单作(T1)、顺坡间作(T2)、梯台单作(T3)、梯台间作(T4)的茶园径流量和磷素浓度、磷素流失量，间作植物为百喜草。结果表明：茶园间作(T2、T4)比茶园单作(T1、T3)径流量减少0.1～2m³/(100m²)；径流总磷(TP)浓度下降最高达80%、可溶性总磷(TDP)浓度下降最高达100%、颗粒态磷(PP)下降最高达83.3%；径流TP流失量下降最高达82.3%、TDP流失量下降最高达100%、PP流失量下降最高达85.3%；磷流失以颗粒态为主(51.7%～72.3%)。径流量与降雨量、径流量与TP浓度、TDP浓度、磷素流失量呈显著正相关(P<0.05)；径流量与PP浓度、磷素浓度之间、磷素浓度与磷素流失量、磷流失量之间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01...     

习惯施肥对菜地氮磷径流流失的影响

对菜地进行连续3年的定位监测试验。结果表明:与不施肥对照相比,菜农习惯施肥处理显著提高降雨径流中的总氮(TN)和硝态氮(NO3--N)流失质量浓度及流失量,3年监测期内总氮(TN)径流流失负荷为321kg/hm2,总磷(TP)流失负荷为134kg/hm2,分别占氮、磷养分投入总量的13.6%和13.2%,氮肥的流失系数约为5.6%。菜地氮素流失以硝态氮(NO3--N)形式为主,磷素流失以颗粒态磷(PP)形式为主。菜地氮、磷养分径流流失与径流量呈显著线性关系,菜地每流失1kg的总磷(TP),可溶性总磷(TDP)、总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)所需要的径流量分别为77.5,322,52.5,67.5,404m3。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.