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1.
    
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the pharmacokinetic profiles of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX) in Siamese freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis). Crocodiles were administered a single intramuscular injection of AMX, at a dose of either 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at preassigned times up to 120 hr. The plasma concentrations of AMX were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry method. AMX plasma concentrations were quantifiable for up to 72 hr (5 mg/kg b.w.) and 96 hr (10 mg/kg b.w.). The elimination half-life (t1/2λz) of AMX following dosing at 5 mg/kg b.w. (8.72 ± 0.61 hr) was almost identical to that following administration at 10 mg/kg b.w (8.98 ± 1.13 hr). The maximum concentration and area under the curve from zero to the last values of AMX increased in a dose-dependent fashion. The average binding percentage of AMX to plasma protein was 21.24%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, susceptibility break point, and the surrogate PK-PD index (T > MIC, 0.25 μg/ml), intramuscular administration of AMX at dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. every 4 days might be appropriate for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in freshwater crocodiles.  相似文献   

2.
    
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans for freshwater crocodiles is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the pharmacokinetic characteristics of enrofloxacin (ENR) in freshwater crocodiles, Crocodylus siamensis, following single intravenous and intramuscular administration at a dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 168 hr. The plasma concentrations of ENR and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIP) were measured by liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry. The concentrations of ENR and CIP in the plasma were quantified up to 144 hr after both the administrations. The half-life was long (43–44 hr) and similar after both administrations. The absolute i.m. bioavailability was 82.65% and the binding percentage of ENR to plasma protein ranged from 9% to 18% with an average of 10.6%. Percentage of CIP (plasma concentrations) was 15.9% and 19.9% after i.v. and i.m. administration, respectively. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, susceptibility break point and PK-PD indexes, i.m. single administration of ENR at a dosage of 5 mg/kg b.w. might be appropriate for treatment of susceptible bacteria (MIC > 1 μg/mL) in freshwater crocodiles, C. siamensis.  相似文献   

3.
    
Green sea turtles are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. Adult green sea turtles face many threats, primarily from humans, including injuries from boat propellers, being caught in fishing nets, pollution, poaching, and infectious diseases. To the best of our knowledge, limited pharmacokinetic information to establish suitable therapeutic plans is available for green sea turtles. Therefore, the present study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic characteristics of ceftriaxone (CEF) in green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, following single intravenous and intramuscular administrations at two dosages of 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 96 hr. The plasma concentrations of CEF were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The concentrations of CEF in the plasma were quantified up to 24 and 48 hr after i.v. and i.m. administrations at dosages of 10 and 25 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The Cmax values of CEF were 15.43 ± 3.71 μg/ml and 43.48 ± 4.29 μg/ml at dosages of 10 and 25 mg/kg, respectively. The AUClast values increased in a dose‐dependent fashion. The half‐life values were 2.89 ± 0.41 hr and 5.96 ± 0.26 hr at dosages of 10 and 25 mg/kg b.w, respectively. The absolute i.m. bioavailability was 67% and 108%, and the binding percentage of CEF to plasma protein was ranged from 20% to 29% with an average of 24.6%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, susceptibility break‐point and PK‐PD index (T > MIC, 0.2 μg/ml), i.m. administration of CEF at a dosage of 10 mg/kg b.w. might be appropriate for initiating treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in green sea turtles.  相似文献   

4.
    
The present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic features of tolfenamic acid (TA) in green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas. Green sea turtles were administered single either intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) injection of TA, at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at preassigned times up to 168 hr. The plasma concentrations of TA were measured using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Tolfenamic acid plasma concentrations were quantifiable for up to 168 hr after i.v. and i.m. administration. The concentration of TA in the experimental green sea turtles with respect to time was pharmacokinetically analyzed using a noncompartment model. The Cmax values of TA were 55.01 ± 8.34 µg/ml following i.m. administration. The elimination half-life values were 32.76 ± 4.68 hr and 53.69 ± 3.38 hr after i.v. and i.m. administration, respectively. The absolute i.m. bioavailability was 72.02 ± 10.23%, and the average binding percentage of TA to plasma protein was 19.43 ± 6.75%. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, the i.m. administration of TA at a dosage of 4 mg/kg b.w. might be sufficient to produce a long-lasting anti-inflammatory effect (7 days) for green sea turtles. However, further studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of TA for treatment of inflammatory disease after single and multiple dosages.  相似文献   

5.
为探究青蒿素(ART)在鸡体内的代谢规律,本研究建立了液相色谱串联三重四级杆质谱检测鸡血浆中ART的方法:即以电喷雾电离源(ESI)作为离子源,以蒿甲醚(ARM)做内标(IS),以ART和ARM的[M+Na]+准离子峰做二级质谱扫描,选择m/z 305.2 → 151.3(ART)、m/z 321.0 → 163.1(ARM)两对离子以多监测反应方式(MRM)进行定量分析。结果表明,ART在10~1 000 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9997),最低检测限为10 ng/mL,回收率在90%~105%之间,日间、日内精密度(RSD)均小于15%。选取30日龄蛋鸡,按照3个剂量(15、40、100 mg/kg)以及口服的次数(1、11次)分成6个组,每组6只,各组分别灌胃给药。给药1次的各组前10次先口服溶剂,第11次按剂量灌服ART,给药11次的各组按剂量换算给药。每组在最后1次给药结束后10、30 min及1、1.5、2、2.5、3、4、6、8 h分别采集300 μL血液加入抗凝管中待测。经检测发现,单一剂量(15、40或100 mg/kg)口服给药后ART在鸡血浆中的达峰时间分别为1、1.5、1.5 h;但上述剂量连续多次给药后检测发现药物代谢明显加快,并有剂量依赖性。综合试验结果,本试验建立的ART检测方法操作简单,灵敏,重现性好,可用于鸡血浆中ART的检测;ART在禽类体内存在明显的自身诱导代谢现象,且剂量越高,其代谢速度越快。  相似文献   

6.
荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃微生物脲酶的分离与鉴定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本研究旨在从荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃中分离活性脲酶。从奶牛瘤胃中收集瘤胃内容物,通过离心和超声破碎的方法得到不含菌体细胞的瘤胃液(CFRF)和瘤胃菌体蛋白液(RCP),利用85%硫酸铵盐析,并透析后,用HiTrap Capto Q离子交换层析柱纯化脲酶。将纯化后的脲酶用活性PAGE分离,并利用改良的Fishbein染色法,确定脲酶条带位置,切胶,经胰蛋白酶消化后,用LC-MS/MS分析,并用SEQUEST软件在NCBI数据库搜索与质谱信号相匹配的肽段和蛋白质。结果表明从CFRF和RCP中分离出较高活性的脲酶,但经染色后只有RCP脲酶显示活性条带。经质谱分析,最终鉴定出了3种微生物来源脲酶,分别与嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)、唾液链球菌(Streptococcus salivarius)和嗜碱芽孢杆菌(Bacillus halodurans)相似。这说明绕过纯培养微生物,直接从瘤胃中分离脲酶,来研究其性质和来源是可行的,尤其适合对未培养微生物的研究。  相似文献   

7.
介绍了利用LC-MS/MS与ELISA方法快速、准确地测定蜂王浆中氯霉素残留量.前处理方法包括用酸沉淀蛋白、乙酸乙酯提取、自制硅胶柱、Oasis(HLB)小柱等净化步骤.同时,在LC-MS/MS测定方法中使用了同位素内标氯霉素-d5.建立的LC-MS/MS方法,多反应监测了氯霉素3对离子(321.0/256.9、321.0/194.0、321.0/175.8)和同位素内标氯霉素-d5 1对离子(326.0/157.1),检测低限为0.2μg/kg,线性范围为0.2~0.8μg/kg,加标回收率为97%~102%,RSD为1.9%~7.1%;ELISA方法检测低限为0.1μg/kg,该水平添加回收率为108.2%,RSD为12.2%.  相似文献   

8.
This study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of vincristine and their correlation with its clinical effects in dogs with transmissible venereal tumor (TVT). Dogs with TVT were intravenously administered vincristine sulfate at a dose of 0.7 mg/m2 of body surface area. Blood samples were collected starting from 5 min to 48 hr after drug administration. The plasma concentration of vincristine was determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The pharmacokinetic parameters of vincristine were characterized using a two-compartmental pharmacokinetic model. The volume of distribution, distribution half-life, elimination half-life and plasma clearance were 0.660 ± 0.210 l/kg, 21.5 ± 6.90 min, 47.6 ± 14.2 min and 0.010 ± 0.001 l/min/kg, respectively. Tumor regression was determined at weekly interval by a physical examination and histopathological analysis. In our study, three to eight administrations of vincristine at a dose of 0.7 mg/m2 were able to induce a complete tumor regression without any evidence of gross lesion of disease. Therefore, this investigation provides the pharmacokinetic characteristics of vincristine in dogs with TVT, which may be used as an integration tool to gain a better understanding of the disposition properties of the drug and the correlation of these properties with the drug’s clinical effects. In addition, we validated the LC-MS/MS method and found that it is suitable for the pharmacokinetic study of vincristine in dog plasma.  相似文献   

9.
牛奶中吡利霉素残留检测高效液相色谱-串联质谱法研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
建立了牛奶中吡利霉素残留检测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法。液相色谱条件为:色谱柱为Waters XBridge C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.01mol/L乙酸铵溶液(30∶70,V/V),柱温为30℃,流速为0.2 mL/min,进样量为10μL。质谱条件为:电喷雾离子源(ESI ),多反应监测(MRM)方式进行采集;监测离子质荷比(m/z)为411.5>112.0,411.5>363.4。以吡利霉素的同分异构体异吡利霉素作内标,内标法定量。结果表明:吡利霉素的线性范围为20~400 ng/mL,相关系数R2=0.999 9;方法检测限为2 ng/mL,定量限为5ng/mL;从50、100和150 ng/mL三个添加浓度检测结果可以看出,方法的平均回收率为90.4%~104.3%(n=6),批内、批间RSD均小于5%。  相似文献   

10.
建立了高效液相色谱一电喷雾串联质谱法直接测定蜂蜜中脯氨酸的方法。蜂蜜样品用去离子水溶解后,过0.45μm水相微孔滤膜,高效液相色谱一电喷雾串联质谱进行分析检测。以Phenomenex C18(100mmx4.6mmx2.6μm)色谱柱为分析柱,乙腈和0.1%(v/v)甲酸-5mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下进行检测,外标法定量。通过加标验证,该方法检测低限可达25mg/kg,脯氨酸在0.5~10.0μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.99。在25、50和100mg/kg三个加标水平下,蜂蜜中脯氨酸平均回收率为83.7~109.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4~10.9%。该方法样品处理简单、快速,结果准确,灵敏度高,可以作为日常蜂蜜中脯氨酸的检测方法。  相似文献   

11.
研究了串联质谱MS/MS分析氯霉素的方法,以国外资料所提供的参数为基础,经过优化和补充建立了一套完整、检测灵敏度更高的质谱仪参数:锥孔电压30V,碰撞电压分别为m/z152,20eV,m/z194,10eV,m/z257,9eV。  相似文献   

12.
评定液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)测定猪肉中四环素类药物残留量的不确定度。依据GB/T 21317-2007《动物源性食品中四环素类兽药残留量检测方法 液相色谱-质谱/质谱法与高效液相色谱法》,建立相关数学模型,对实验过程中的不确定度来源进行分析与评定。当采用LC-MS/MS法测定猪肉中土霉素、四环素、金霉素、强力霉素的残留量分别为50.05、42.81、42.45、41.60μg/kg时,扩展不确定度分别为 5.44、6.72、2.86、4.80μg/kg (k=2)。检测结果的不确定度主要受回收率、标准溶液配制、工作曲线拟合的影响。  相似文献   

13.
分别采用间接竞争酶联免疫法(ELI SA)与液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法对罗非鱼肉中喹诺酮类药物残留量进行检测,对得出的检测结果进行比较分析。结果显示:ELISA方法样本添加回收率在73.4%~89.5%之间,变异系数在5.6%~14.3%之间,检测时间为45mi n,适合于罗非鱼肉中喹诺酮类药物残留的快速筛选;LC-MS/MS方法,样本添加回收率为77.1%~85.7%,变异系数在5.5%~11.2%之间,检测结果准确,变异系数较小,但检测费用较高,适用于喹诺酮类药物残留的确证。  相似文献   

14.
本研究旨在探明4个时间段褐黄血蜱(采自刺猬体表)中肠蛋白质成分,揭示参与血餐消化的蛋白种类及其含量变化规律。采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)对采集于刺猬体表的4个时间段褐黄血蜱的中肠蛋白组成分进行检测。基于该蜱的唾液、中肠转录组翻译文库及Uniprot数据库,利用软件Mascot 2.2对所获肽段及蛋白质进行鉴定。结果显示:在褐黄血蜱中肠蛋白提取液中共检测出特异性肽段3 046条,鉴定303种蛋白,其中271种为高可信蛋白;在所有的高可信蛋白中,23种含量较为丰富,125种在后期消化阶段(第2至第4阶段)的含量为0,123种的含量发生不同程度的变化(24种蛋白的含量变化明显,其中12种含量上升明显,12种含量下降明显)。确定148种高可信蛋白来自于刺猬血清,推断24种可信蛋白可能参与蜱虫对血餐的消化。  相似文献   

15.
建立了同时测定动物尿液中23种β-受体激动剂的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测法.样品用2 mol/L盐酸酸解,经过SLS固相萃取柱净化、富集后,以甲醇和0.2%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析.23种β-受体激动剂的定量下限为0.1 ~1.0 μg/L.用猪、牛及羊尿样为研究对象,23种β-受体激动剂在0.5、1.0和10 μg/L三个水平下的平均回收率为68% ~ 115%,批内相对标准偏差为0.5% ~9.6%,批间相对标准偏差0.6% ~ 14.1%.结果表明,该方法具有准确、简便、灵敏,重现性好等特点,能满足β-受体激动剂类药物的残留检测任务.  相似文献   

16.
综述了目前采用高效液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法同时测定硝基呋喃类兽药代谢物呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃西林、呋喃妥因残留分析的检测现状、最低检测限以及国内外利用同位素内标法使用LC-MS/MS测定硝基呋喃类兽药残留的检测现状及其达到的最低检测限,并阐明了其应用对我国食品安全体系健康发展的重要意义。  相似文献   

17.
18.
建立了一种可同时检测牛奶中4种阿维菌素类药物(阿维菌素、伊维菌素、多拉菌素和埃谱利诺菌素)残留的液相色谱-串联质谱方法(LC-MS/MS)。牛奶样品经乙腈提取,高速离心去除蛋白质等杂质,C18柱净化。以0.1%甲酸水溶液和0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行洗脱,流速0.4 m L/min,采用基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明:阿维菌素、伊维菌素、多拉菌素和埃谱利诺菌素在0.5~100 ng/m L浓度范围内均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)均大于0.996;4种阿维菌素类药物的定量限均为0.5μg/kg。阿维菌素在0.5~5μg/kg添加浓度范围内,伊维菌素在0.5~20μg/kg添加浓度范围内,多拉菌素在0.5~30μg/kg添加浓度范围内,埃谱利诺菌素在0.5~40μg/kg添加浓度范围内,回收率为66.4%~120%;批内与批间相对标准偏差均小于20%。该方法具有简便快速、灵敏度高、定性准确,重复性好等特点,可以满足牛奶中4种阿维菌素类药物残留检测的要求。  相似文献   

19.
本实验利用定量触发相关MS/MS扫描(QED-MS/MS)功能,建立饲料中喹乙醇的同时定性确证和定量测定LC-MS/MS方法。饲料中喹乙醇经5%甲醇-水溶液提取,Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化后,通过LC-MS/MS分析。LC-MS/MS采用Zorbax SB C18柱(3.5μm,2.1×150 mm),0.2%乙酸-甲醇梯度洗脱,加热电喷雾离子化,选择性反应监测m/z 264>212作为定量测定,同时以数据依赖扫描模式对m/z 150~265扫描,作为定性确证结果。结果表明:本方法在0.2~10 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好,最低同时定性定量限为0.2 mg/kg。因此基于QED-MS/MS的LC-MS/MS方法可用于饲料中喹乙醇的检测。  相似文献   

20.
采用田间试验方法,运用液相色谱—串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)结合QuEChERS样品前处理方法研究33%联苯肼酯?阿维菌素(其中3%阿维菌素)在柑桔和土壤中的残留消解动态,并制定安全间隔期。阿维菌素在0.005、0.02、0.2 mg/kg三个添加水平下平均回收率为77.82%-115.28%,相对标准偏差1.9%-7.1%,方法准确度和精密度均符合农药残留试验准则的要求。重庆和湖南两个试验点的消解动态试验结果表明,阿维菌素的残留量随时间的延长而降低,消解动态曲线符合一级动力学指数模型,在柑桔和土壤中的半衰期分别为5.0-10.7 d和8.8-10.0 d,属于易降解农药。建议最高制剂用药量110mg/kg,最多施药2次,安全间隔期为30天。  相似文献   

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