抗菌肽的研究进展

抗菌肽(antibacterical peptides)是存在于生物体内、具有抵抗外界微生物侵害、消除体内突变细胞的一类小分子多肽[1],是由细菌特定基因编     

Principles of antimicrobial therapy.

The most compelling reason for practicing judicious antimicrobial use is to facilitate therapeutic success. The definition of therapeutic success has changed in recent years, however; not only does success include eradication of infection, but it must now include avoidance of resistance. If the goal of antimicrobial therapy is to achieve sufficient concentrations at the site of infection such that the infecting organism is killed, therapy should be successful.     

双葛止泻口服液抑菌剂用量筛选与抑菌效力研究

通过抑菌效力研究确定了双葛止泻口服液中抑菌剂的合理添加量。根据《中国兽药典》2015年版一部附录“1121抑菌效力检查法”要求,以金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、白色念珠菌和黑曲霉为试验菌株,建立双葛止泻口服液抑菌效力检查方法,对不同苯甲酸钠含量的双葛止泻口服液进行抑菌效力测定,筛选出供试品中抑菌剂合理添加量。结果表明,0.3%的苯甲酸钠对微生物生长繁殖具有良好的抑制作用,且为最低有效剂量。因此,0.3%的苯甲酸钠可作为双葛止泻口服液的抑菌剂用量。     

Endotoxin release after antimicrobial treatment in sick foals is mediated by antimicrobial class

The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment with antimicrobials leads to increased serum endotoxin concentrations in sick foals and to further determine whether an effect of class of antimicrobial on endotoxin release occurs in sick foals in vivo. This was a prospective, observational study at a university equine hospital. Twenty-four foals aged 12 hours to 12 days admitted to the hospital in 2004 and 2005 were used. Blood was collected from all foals at time 0 (admission) and at 30 minutes, 8 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours after treatment with an antimicrobial. The choice of antimicrobial was determined by the clinician caring for the foal, and any other treatment, as deemed necessary for appropriate care of the foal, was employed. For each serum sample, the endotoxin concentration was determined using the limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Those foals that received a beta-lactam alone, more specifically the cephalosporin ceftiofur, showed a significant increase in endotoxin concentration 12 hours after antibiotic administration (P = .005). An increase in serum endotoxin concentration was not seen in the first 24 hours after antimicrobial administration when foals were treated with a combination of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antimicrobials. In conclusion, a significant increase in endotoxin concentration as a consequence of ceftiofur administration occurs in sick foals. Administration of a combination of a beta-lactam antimicrobial and an aminoglycoside did not result in a significant increase in endotoxin release. Consideration of these findings should be made when choosing antimicrobial therapy for the sick foal.     

Associations of antimicrobial use with antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter coli from grow-finish pigs in Japan

To determine associations between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter coli, 155 isolates were obtained from the feces of apparently healthy grow-finish pigs in Japan. In addition, data on the use of antibiotics collected through the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system in Japan were used for the analysis. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors to antimicrobial resistance in C. coli in pigs for the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, and enrofloxacin. The data suggested the involvement of several different mechanisms of resistance selection. The statistical relationships were suggestive of co-selection; use of macrolides was associated with enrofloxacin resistance (OR=2.94; CI(95%): 0.997, 8.68) and use of tetracyclines was associated with chloramphenicol resistance (OR=2.37; CI(95%): 1.08, 5.19). The statistical relationships were suggestive of cross-resistance: use of macrolides was associated with erythromycin resistance (OR=9.36; CI(95%): 2.96, 29.62) and the use of phenicols was associated with chloramphenicol resistance (OR=11.83; CI(95%): 1.41, 99.44). These data showed that the use of antimicrobials in pigs selects for resistance in C. coli within and between classes of antimicrobials.     

猪饲料中抗生素残留的潜在影响

配合饲料通常要加入加药饲料预混剂,因此,当饲料加工厂从生产一种饲料转为生产另一种时会发生抗生素残留问题。怎样程度的残留是可以被接受的？是否知道其会产生什么影响？     

卵转铁蛋白制备抗菌活性肽的研究

本试验以卵转铁蛋白为原料,利用胃蛋白酶酶解技术制备抗菌活性肽,优化实验条件,确定分子量范围。结果表明,胃蛋白酶酶解卵转铁蛋白制备抗菌肽在温度为40℃,pH值为2.0,底物浓度为4%,酶的加入量为1%,水解时间为2 h时,抑菌率达到90.36%;通过正交试验得出底物浓度及酶与底物浓度比对抑菌率的影响显著性水平达到0.05。并对在最优条件下得到的抗菌活性肽进行HPLC分析,确定相对分子质量范围主要在5 000～9 000之间。     

弯曲菌耐药性的研究进展

弯曲菌耐药性已经成为全球关注的重点,尤其是对氟喹诺酮类和大环内酯类的耐药性,在人和动物表现更为严重。本文对人和动物弯曲菌临床耐药性的状况、生物杀菌剂耐药性和环境因素在弯曲菌耐药性的获得与传播中的作用等方面进行综述。     

Systemic antimicrobial therapy in foals

Antimicrobial agents are commonly used in neonatal foals for the treatment or prevention of sepsis. However, due to concerns about the development of antimicrobial resistance and increasing pressure on veterinarians to rationalise antimicrobial use, we should be trying to reduce the unnecessary use of antimicrobials. This article reviews many of the important considerations when selecting an antimicrobial for use in neonatal foals. Firstly, we consider general differences in neonatal pharmacology and physiology. Secondly, we review common antimicrobial drugs and their indications. Finally, we review antimicrobial stewardship.     

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis antimicrobial therapy

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is one of the most common diseases of cattle and is of major economic importance. If the primary aetiological agent, Moraxella bovis , is successfully eliminated from ocular tissues corneal ulcers heal at a constant rate. If treatment is unsuccessful ulcer reoccurrence may follow initial healing. Appropriate antimicrobial selection requires knowledge of antimicrobial sensitivities and distribution in ocular tissues and tears. Drugs may be delivered to the eye in several ways: subconjunctival injection, topical application and systemic administration. While therapeutic efficacy is affected by the frequency and mode of drug delivery, variations between intensive and extensive enterprises dictate the practical method of antimicrobial delivery. Specific recommendations for antimicrobial therapies targeting Australian IBK outbreaks are dependent upon antimicrobial pharmacokinetics, drug regulations and associated costs.     

Assessment of antimicrobial drug administration and antimicrobial residues in food animals in Enugu State,Nigeria

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Imprudent administration of antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals can facilitate the development and spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and...     

茶多酚抑菌作用的研究

以食品行业常见细菌和真菌为研究对象,采用平板稀释法和滤纸片法测定了茶多酚对一些细菌和真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:茶多酚对供试细菌有较强的抑菌活性,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、肺炎链球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC100)均为0.9μg/mL,而对铜绿假单胞杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC100)为1.3μg/mL;而茶多酚对供试的黄曲霉、点青霉和黑根霉均无明显的抑菌作用。