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10种杀菌剂处理棉花种子对苗期病害的防治效果 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了明确不同杀菌剂单剂对棉花苗期病害的防治效果,本研究采用市场上常用的10种杀菌剂单剂按照推荐剂量进行种子处理防治苗期病害。试验结果表明,10种杀菌剂均对苗期病害具有较好的防治效果。其中:2.5%(质量分数,下同)咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂防治效果最好,为89.1%;其次为10%嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂和18%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮种衣剂,防治效果分别为87.1%和86.9%。杀菌单剂对棉花苗期病害防治效果由好到一般依次为2.5%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂>10%嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂>18%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮种衣剂>35%精甲霜灵种子处理乳剂>20%甲基立枯磷乳油>36%甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂>50%福美双可湿性粉剂>50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂>15%五氯硝基苯悬浮种衣剂>12%萎锈灵可湿性粉剂,各处理对棉苗生长安全无害。以上试验结果可为应用新型药剂及复配防治棉花苗期病害提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为了解不同植物源杀菌剂对小麦茎基腐病的防治效果,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了14种植物源杀菌剂对假禾谷镰刀菌的室内毒力,并对其中毒力较高的8种杀菌剂进行了盆栽病害防控试验。结果表明,厚朴酚、香芹酚、牛至油、蛇床子素、丁香酚、白藜芦醇、大蒜素和薄荷酮对假禾谷镰刀菌具有较高的抑菌活性,EC50分别高达4.53、17.55、24.30、32.78、37.42、47.40、77.45和80.56 μg·mL-1。此8种杀菌剂中,香芹酚和薄荷酮对小麦茎基腐病的防效最好,均为82.6%;牛至油、厚朴酚、蛇床子素及白藜芦醇对小麦茎基腐病的防效次之,分别为78.0%、75.5%、75.5%和72.5%;丁香酚对小麦茎基腐病的防效最弱,为66.4%。这说明香芹酚、薄荷酮、牛至油、厚朴酚、蛇床子素、白藜芦醇等8种植物源杀菌剂对小麦茎基腐病具有较好的防控效果,可用于该病害的防治。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2017,(4)
为在生产上防控油菜根肿病,测定4种杀菌剂对根肿菌孢子萌发抑制情况,并采用灌根处理评价了4种杀菌剂对盆栽幼苗根肿病防治效果及对3种防御酶活性的影响。结果表明,50%氟啶胺乳油对休眠孢子萌发的抑制率为38.1%,显著高于其他处理;而喹啉铜、五氯硝基苯和多菌灵处理的抑制效果较低(9.5%~15.0%),3种药剂处理间差异不显著。药剂灌根对油菜苗期根肿病防治效果结果表明,5.5mg/L 50%氟啶胺乳油对盆栽油菜根肿病防治效果为86.1%,显著高于其他杀菌剂;0.62mg/L喹啉铜的效果次之,其盆栽根肿病防治效果为73.2%;多菌灵和五氯硝基苯的防治效果较弱。防御酶活性测定结果表明,5.5mg/L 50%氟啶胺乳油在施药后油菜幼苗的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性均最强。因此,氟啶胺对油菜根肿病的防治效果值得在油菜生产中进一步研究。 相似文献
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为明确生物农药与化学农药混用对防治花生蛴螬的减药防控效果,本研究将2种生物农药(白僵菌、绿僵菌)与2种化学杀虫剂(吡虫啉、辛硫磷)及1种化学杀菌剂(萎锈·福美双)混用,评价其对花生蛴螬的田间防效及对出苗等影响。结果表明:常规剂量下,单独应用2种生物农药对蛴螬防治效果显著低于2种化学药剂;2种生物农药半量混用后的出苗率和防治效果均为最差;分别将吡虫啉和辛硫磷与2种生物农药剂量减半后混用,其防治效果与常规剂量应用化学农药无显著性差异;添加杀菌剂萎锈·福美双可明显提高出苗率、增加产量。因此,推荐使用2种化学杀虫剂减半剂量(吡虫啉:1.50 mL/kg种子,辛硫磷:20.00 mL/kg种子,二选一),加入杀菌剂萎锈·福美双(3.00 mL/kg种子)混合后拌种,在播种时加入减半剂量的生物农药(2.25 kg/hm~2白僵菌拌毒土或15.00 kg/hm~2绿僵菌穴施,二选一)来防控花生蛴螬,达到减施化学农药,增效提质的目的。 相似文献
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介绍了甜叶菊土传病害对其产质量的影响,及应用植物提取物、生物制剂、化学杀菌剂、农业防治等综合防治措施的防治效果,提供甜叶菊病害防控方法的参考。 相似文献
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稻瘟病是最主要的世界性水稻病害,化学防治是目前最为有效的防控措施。通过室内生测和田间试验相结合的方法,测试了多个特效药剂和广谱药剂对稻瘟病的防治效果,探讨了稻瘟病的最优防治适期和穗颈瘟、稻曲病兼防的可能性。结果表明,三环唑仍然是预防穗颈瘟的特效杀菌剂,而嘧菌酯、肟菌酯·戊唑醇和嘧菌酯·苯醚甲环唑等广谱杀菌剂对叶瘟表现出更好的防控效果。始穗期是防治穗颈瘟的关键时期,在发病严重的情况下在齐穗期再施1次药是必要的。如果选用合适的药剂,破口前施药对穗颈瘟也有一定的防控作用。由于防治稻曲病的最佳施药时期是破口前,因此,一次施药兼防穗颈瘟和稻曲病是可行的。 相似文献
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Rice blast disease is one of the obstacles of rice production not only in Japan but throughout rice producing countries. The effects of fan-forced wind on the incidence of rice blast disease were studied in two successive seasons. Electric fans (5 KW, 110-cm blade diameter) set on the ridge of paddy fields at a height 5 m from the ground level were used to artificially generate wind. In season 1, the fan operated twice daily for 30 min periods at 11:00 pm and 4:00 am from June 15 to September 1. The blocks of the paddy fields were divided into 6 zones according to wind speed and distance from the fan. The wind speed ranged from 2.0 to >7.3 m/s. The incidence of both rice leaf and panicle blast was significantly lower in the zones receiving wind between 2.6 and 7.3 m/s; however, the zone that received a velocity >7.3 m/s was severely affected by leaf and panicle blast. The zone that received the a wind speed of 2.6 m/s or lower exhibited an inefficient reduction of leaf and panicle blast disease, but it was better than in the control fields. In season 2, a wind-forced fan was applied from June 16 to September 9, with the velocity adjusted between ca. 3.0 and 6.0 m/s. The incidence and severity of leaf and panicle blasts (chuff, rachis-branch and neck blast) were efficiently reduced in the wind-treated fields. Fan-forced wind was more effective than the application of conventional chemical fungicides for controlling rice blast disease. These data demonstrate the potential of fan-forced wind for controlling rice blast disease. 相似文献
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通过对水稻施用20%爱可防治水稻稻瘟病的对比试验,结果表明:20%爱可不同时期对水稻稻瘟病均有较好的防治效果,各处理防效叶瘟分别为87%、88%、85%,穗颈瘟分别为86%、100%、88%,防效仅次于25%使百克。为了更好地提高其防治效果,建议明年在桦川县继续进行试验、示范。 相似文献
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通过试验示范探索拿敌稳对水稻穗期氮肥使用量的调控,综合分析结果:水稻施用拿敌稳免去穗肥(氮素)对水稻产量性状影响不大,而且防治稻瘟病效果较好,水稻抗倒伏能力强.建议在水稻始穗期和齐穗期各喷一次药,每次用药量为15 g/667 m2,这样既减少化肥使用量,同时又达到了防治稻瘟病效果. 相似文献
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Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide. The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast. In this review, we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes, such as Pi1, Pi2, Pi9, Pi54, Pigm and Piz-t. We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are: availability of few R(resistance) genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast, the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum, and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding. Therefore, novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed, such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties, creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits, screening and utilizing broadspectrum and durable resistance gene combinations. Lastly, the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed, including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS(genome-wide association study) and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing. 相似文献