全国林业机械标准体系分析与研究

通过对林业机械国家标准和行业标准的现状、强制性标准和推荐性标准、标准体系结构和布局、标准数量和质量、子体系之间或标准之间的协调、标准缺失和滞后、标准的适用性和时效性等七个方面的分析,分别给出了分析结果及存在的问题,提出了建议及改进措施.     

林业有害生物风险分析指标体系及赋分标准的探讨

概述了有害生物风险分析目前常用的一些方法,对较常采用的多指标综合评价法的指标体系及赋分标准做了调整和完善,提出了在针对境外有害生物、国内主要林业有害生物和区域性林业有害生物的风险分析时采取的相应的指标体系及赋分标准,同时还提出了林业有害植物风险分析指标体系及赋分标准.     

竹材利用标准及其国际标准化的需要

文章阐明了制定竹材利用标准的意义、原则和思路,分析了我国竹材利用标准的现状,并对标准所涉及的内容进行了描述。通过与印度竹材物理力学性质标准的对比,和试验验证加载速度对竹材力学性质测试结果的影响,指出了我国竹材利用标准的不足及竹材利用标准的国际标准化的需要。     

第二期全国标准情报研修班在成都举办

中国标准情报网于今年五至六月在成都由中国标准情报培训中心举办了第二期全国标准情报研修班,全国除台湾省外29个省市、自治区及18个部委系统的120余名同志参加了这期研修班。会议期间就情报学、标准化基础知识、标准情报检索、标准情报的咨询服务和研究、编译报导、企业及地方的标准情报工作等作了深入的专题学习和讨论,并对当前世界产业革命的形势及今后的标准情报工作方向等问题,组织了广泛的座谈交流。有关方面对这次研修班反映良好,普遍认为既注重理论学习又注意研究探讨工作中遇到的各种实际问题,开     

林业物联网标准体系框架研究

以《国务院关于推进物联网有序健康发展的指导意见》和《中国林业物联网发展指导意见》为指导思想,对国内外林业物联网标准化发展现状和存在问题进行了研究,以林业物联网总体架构为依托,应用模块化理念,提出林业物联网标准体系框架由基础标准、数据采集标准、网络传输标准、信息处理标准、业务应用标准及共性支撑标准等五大部分组成。旨在为建立一个既符合国际标准,又能够满足林业物联网建设需求的标准体系提供参考。     

岫岩县公益林森林健康评价研究

对森林进行健康评价有利于森林资源的可持续发展,该文对岫岩县公益林选取的20块标准地进行土壤容重和养分含量测定,选取树木生产力、森林群落完整性、森林风险及土壤状况对岫岩县公益林进行森林健康评价.结果表明,3块标准地的平均健康指数为0.742,10块标准地的平均健康指数为0.620,7块标准地的平均健康指数为0.505,岫...     

《毛金竹丰产栽培技术规程》解读

江西省地方标准DB36/T1460-2021《毛金竹丰产栽培技术规程》已于2021年9月3日由江西省市场监督管理局批准发布,自2022年3月1日正式实施。标准规定了江西及周边毛金竹产区丰产栽培相关的术语和定义、林分结构、抚育管理、病虫害防治及档案管理等。标准适用于江西及周边为毛金竹产区毛金竹丰产培育。文章从标准制定的背景、规程特点及主要条款等方面进行了解读,并对标准的宣传和应用提出了建议。     

轻型木结构用规格材握钉性能试验及钉连接承载性能评价方法

通过作者掌握的有关技术资料和标准,简述了轻型木结构用规格材的握钉性能及钉连接承载力评价方法,并对相关标准的试验评价方法进行比较。     

征占用林地补偿标准探讨

对林地进行补偿是征占用林地制度的一项重要内容,补偿标准的确定具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。文章阐述了影响林地补偿标准的因素,并对我省目前补偿标准进行分析,提出了发挥市场调节作用、分类经营、细化补偿及建立与完善价格评估体系等建议。     

轻型木结构锯材用原木标准的制订

通过对我国原木生产实际状况的调研及参考国内外相关标准和技术资料,阐述了木材缺陷对规格材力学性能的影响,并据此对轻型木结构锯材用原木缺陷的技术指标进行了规定,同时介绍了该标准的制定方法。     

1 m3 气候箱法测定人造板甲醛释放量的检出限 及不确定度研究

1m3 气候箱法是人造板甲醛释放量测定的主要方法之一。为探究检测过程中的误差来源,提高测量结果的准 确度,从1m3 气候箱法检出限及不确定度等方面进行研究。结果表明：50 mm 光程比色皿的检出限较低,适宜后续 甲醛释放量测试时采用;对于低甲醛释放量的人造板样品,重复测量引入的不确定度对总体不确定度的贡献最大。     

Association between temperature,relative humidity and concentration of volatile organic compounds from wooden furniture in a model room

Abstract

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wooden furniture in a child's room were investigated. A model room was set up in a 12?m³ test chamber, and in parallel, a scaled-down version was run in a 1?m³ test chamber. The latter had a steady climate of 23°C/50% relative humidity (RH), while the temperature and humidity conditions were varied in the 12?m³ chamber between 18 and 28°C, and 30 and 80% RH. Compounds found were α-pinene, β-pinene, 3-carene, limonene and hexanal. Variations in the climate showed that there is an association between temperature and room concentrations of all found VOCs. Changes in RH showed effect on hexanal concentration, and all monoterpene concentrations remained unaffected.     

Growth of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) saplings is limited by elevated atmospheric vapour pressure deficits

There is an ongoing debate about how European beech might be affected by a future drier climate. While numerous studies have examined the effects of soil drought on beech growth and development, studies investigating the effects of elevated atmospheric water vapour pressure deficit (VPD) are lacking. By increasing VPD in climate and open-top chamber experiments, with moisture in the rooting medium near optimum, we tested the hypothesis that increased VPD negatively affects the growth and development of European beech saplings. In the climate chambers, a reduction in relative air humidity by 40% resulted in a 68% reduction in productivity. Similarly, in the open-top chamber experiment conducted on the forest floor, biomass declined by 30% when relative air humidity was 15% lower. The reduction in biomass was mainly a consequence of a dramatically reduced leaf growth of beech in the elevated VPD treatments. Our results show that growth and development of beech saplings strongly depend not only on soil moisture but also on the prevailing VPD level. We conclude that the vapour pressure deficit is a widely ignored factor which influences the growth and vitality, and possibly also the distribution of European beech. Future forest management schemes under an altered climate should take this factor into account.     

Freeze testing and field mortality of Pinus sylvestris (L.) in northern Sweden

Six short‐term freezing experiments were carried out on 24 one‐year‐old single‐tree open pollinated families of Pinus sylvestris (L.) representing four populations in northerly Sweden (latitude 62°10'N to 66°50'N). Two experiments were conducted in a climate chamber, two in a greenhouse and two outdoors. For freeze testing the plants were exposed to ‐10°C for three hours in a freezing chamber. A freezing experiment in a climate chamber of 28 one‐year‐old full‐sib families (half diallel with two parents from each population) was also carried out. The results were related to the mortality of the same open pollinated families over the first 18 years in the field. The ranking of the populations was the same in all six freezing experiments as in the field. Significant differences in frost resistance between one‐year‐old open pollinated families were found within all populations except the most northern one. The correlations within populations between frost resistance and field mortality varied considerably between populations and freezing experiments. The results from the two greenhouse experiments showed the best correlations with the cumulative field mortality after 18 years. The freezing test of the 28 full‐sib families resulted in the same mutual ranking, according to the general combining ability of parents within populations, as was obtained from the freezing tests of single tree families.     

软体床中甲醛释放量和挥发性有机化合物的测定

采用环境气候舱法对10组软体床样品中甲醛释放量和挥发性有机化合物进行定量检测,结果表明:有60%的样品甲醛释放量不符合GB/T 18883 2002《室内空气质量标准》的限量要求。     

短周期桉树无性系苗木低温胁迫试验

本试验共测定了54个短周期桉树无性系在人工气候培养室中的低温胁迫伤害指数和死亡率。结果表明,不同低温处理对无性系伤害差异极其显著;苗木不同培育年份对低温伤害指数的影响明显,但对苗木死亡率的作用不大。苗木在低温胁迫处理后1~3 d内观察评分结果具有相当的稳定性和准确性。由于受测试的不同树种和无性系苗木的低温伤害或致死低温范围窄,而直接影响林分的野外环境温度变化较大,因此外界环境的极低温限制应是制约桉树往偏寒地区扩大种植规模的主要因素。在一定的低温范围内,低温胁迫伤害指数在无性系间存在一定水平的遗传变异,通过选择育种可以适度提高无性系抗低温胁迫能力,而结合耐寒桉树树种选育和改进环境与养分条件应可以获得更好的抗性效益。苗木或林木的生长状态对受低温伤害程度有一定的影响。     

我国湿地松人工林种植范围的立地气候分区研究

利用我国湿地松分布区内２２２个气象站点的１０ａ气候资料的平均值，用主成分分析法，将湿地松栽培区划分为４个立地气候区，即：Ⅰ．南亚热带、热带沿海立地气候区；Ⅱ．中亚热带丘陵立地气候区；Ⅲ．暖温带、北亚热带丘陵、平原、岗地立地气候区；Ⅳ．湘、鄂、川接壤山地，四川盆地，黔东南立地气候区．再在各气候区内实测有代表性的８～１０ａ的湿地松标准地１７１块，分别采用平均胸径、平均树高、平均单株材积证实各气候区内湿地松生长差异．这４个立地气候区可作为湿地松人工林立地类型划分、立地质量评价等经营数表编表单元的依据．     

Climate control in vacuum dryers for convective heat transfer

The European Drying Group (EDG) proposal on a wood drying quality standard defines demands on final moisture content variation of the dried wood. The final moisture content variation will depend on material parameters as well as the production process and the wood will always show a “natural” moisture content variation after drying. Thus the drying process has to be defined well enough to allow for the natural moisture content variation in order to fulfil the demands of the drying standards. As the average equilibrium moisture content of the wood in a vacuum drying kiln with pure steam atmosphere is determined by the pressure and the temperature, the demands on the climate control system to fulfil the demands of the drying standard can be calculated with regard to the natural moisture content variation of the wood. In the first part of this contribution the demands on climate control in vacuum dryers are calculated based on the EDG-standard and the natural moisture content variation. In the second part of the contribution the demands on climate control are compared with climate and moisture content measurements from industrial production in vacuum kilns. Critical factors in kiln design and climate control system design necessary to maintain a controlled drying climate are listed.     

应用气候箱法测定胶合板的VOC释放

采用气候箱模拟室内气候环境,研究胶合板的甲醛释放规律,分析环境因素对处于稳定释放期的胶合板甲醛及其他VOC释放机理的影响.研究发现:在模拟的空气环境条件下,胶合板甲醛释放呈现的规律为:在较短时间内急速上升,达到最大值后逐渐衰减,直到趋于稳定值;在稳定释放状态,环境因素对甲醛及某些VOC散发有显著作用.同时对VOC作了化学成分的检测,受试胶合板主要释放有8种VOC.     

A Study of Afforestation Subsidy for Multi-purpose Forestry Development under Global Climate Change:Overseas Experiments and Implication

Global climate change poses new opportunities and challenges for forestry development, and therefore developing multiple-purpose forestry is an important measure to strengthen forestry response to climate change. At present, plantation in China ranks the world first in area, but with relatively low productivity. Constantly expanding forest area and improving forest management for enhancing multiple functions and purposes of plantations are the key measures to upgrade plantation capacity to mitigate and adap...