烤烟漂浮育苗草炭替代基质研究

用褐煤、腐熟玉米秸秆和腐殖土来完全替代基质配方中的草炭,形成7个替代基质配方。采用配方对比育苗试验方法,研究了替代基质中褐煤和秸秆混配比例对基质理化性状、出苗率、成苗率和烟苗成苗素质的影响,结果表明：秸秆添加比例＞50%而褐煤比例≤10%时,基质部分理化性状与成品基质对照差异较大,育苗试验结果表现为出苗率下降、出苗整齐度降低、出苗期延长,成苗时苗数不足,烟苗成苗素质较差。而当基质中秸秆比例≤50%且褐煤比例＞10%时,二者混配比例对基质理化性状、出苗率、成苗率和烟苗成苗素质的影响较小,基质上述指标与ck较为接近;秸秆+褐煤比例为45%+30%和35%+40%的二个替代处理在本试验所观察和测定的指标中与对照差异较小,基本具备了作为烟草漂浮育苗基质的条件;笔者试验还验证了该型基质替代基质中草炭的可行性。     

植物组织培养中的快繁与脱毒技术及其应用

综述了植物离体快速繁殖技术和脱毒技术的形成、特点及其在花卉、林木、果树、蔬菜等方面的应用,阐述了利用快繁与脱毒技术生产种苗的主要技术环节,包括培养基的作用和选配要点、外植体选取的原则和快繁与脱毒的不同要求、试管苗驯化的方法与移栽要求、种苗生产计划的制定与成本预算方法。     

烟草漂浮育苗基质替代研究现状及展望

综述了烟草常用育苗基质材料如草炭、蛭石、稻谷壳、玉米秸秆的特性。从容重、粒径、孔隙度和气水比角度简述了烟草替代基质的物理特性评价方法,从阳离子代换量、pH和腐植酸方面回顾了替代基质的化学特性评价方法,从烟苗的农艺性状和生理生化指标方面归纳了替代基质的生物特性评价方法。论文总结了目前烟草无机替代基质如砂体基质、粉煤灰基质等以及有机替代基质如花生壳基质、炭化谷壳基质、玉米秸秆基质、蚯蚓肥基质、菌糠基质等的替代效果,认为烟草替代基质仍需从材料的选择、国家标准的制定、微生物菌剂的添加3个方面进一步开展科学研究。     

甘薯脱毒技术的原理及方法

<正>甘薯脱毒技术是我国甘薯栽培史上的一次重大技术革命,是组培生物技术、病毒检测技术和良种快繁技术的有机结合,甘薯脱毒苗应用是我国继脱毒马铃薯之后生物技术应用于农业生产的又一成功典范。甘薯脱毒在河南省是一项较新的课题,1998年河南省科委将甘薯脱毒快繁及产业化开发应用列     

甘薯脱毒技术的研究与应用

本文论述了甘薯病毒病的发现及危害,阐明了甘薯脱毒的生物学原理,探讨了甘薯茎尖组织培养、病毒检测及脱毒试管苗的快繁技术,分析了脱毒甘薯四级生产程序及增产性能,提出了脱毒甘薯存在的问题与应用前景.     

大蒜茎尖脱毒培养及快繁技术研究

以河北省两个名优地方品种安国大蒜和永年大蒜为试材,用Ms,B5作基本培养基,研究了大蒜茎尖繁殖脱毒快繁技术。结果表明,最佳诱导培养基为B5 0.1 mg/L NAA 3 mg/L 6_BA,但是,激素、营养物质的添加数量以及培养时期不同品种间有差异;剥离大蒜茎尖带一定数量的鳞片为好,其不仅可提高脱毒苗成活率,而且有利于扩大茎尖繁殖系数。无毒蒜大田扩繁的播种时间对产量有一定影响,且品种间差异较大。     

蝴蝶兰花期控制技术研究

研究了不同Ｎ、P、K水平和几种植物生长调节剂对蝴蝶兰开花的影响,结果表明：（1）Ｎ对叶片的形成有较大影响,含Ｎ高的植株叶片数较多;Ｐ在花芽分化中起主要作用,增施磷肥可促进花芽分化;Ｋ和Ｎ有利于花茎伸长,它们对花茎的生长有着重要影响。(2) 蝴蝶兰抽出花序形成花蕾后使用激素对植株喷雾和花芽分化前使用溶有激素的羊毛脂涂抹蝴蝶兰茎基部都能使蝴蝶兰提前开花。用100 mg/L和150～200mg/L GA3喷雾抽出花序形成花蕾后植株分别使蝴蝶兰提前开花11d和17d,用150～200mg/L GA3羊毛脂涂抹蝴蝶兰茎基部能使蝴蝶兰提前开花10～12d。（3）在使用GA3时加入等量的IBA或IAA可减少花畸形的发生。     

马铃薯脱毒快繁育苗技术

<正>马铃薯在营养繁殖时易受病毒的浸染,当条件适合时,病毒就会在植株内增殖,转运和积累于所结块茎中,随着世代传递,病毒危害逐年加重,一般减产50%以上。通过微茎尖组织培养技术能从马铃薯     

以发酵稻壳为主要原料的烤烟漂浮育苗基质替代性研究

在安徽省亳州市开展了以发酵稻壳为主要原料的烤烟漂浮育苗基质替代性研究,结果表明:发酵稻壳∶高温消毒熟土∶膨化珍珠岩按6∶(2～2.5)∶(1.5～2)的配方,其基本理化性状、苗床表现及干物质积累表现较好,原料广泛、价格低廉、操作简单,综合成本较低,可以替代现烤烟漂浮育苗使用的商品基质,在生产中应用.     

干热河谷地区澳洲坚果果实发育特性及落果调查

为研究澳洲坚果在云南省干热河谷地区果实生长规律以及落果规律,同时为干热河谷地区澳洲坚果的生产提供理论依据以及科学指导,以3 个澳洲坚果品种‘HASE695’、‘HASE900’、‘Own Choice’为材料,对果实生长特性及落果特点进行调查。结果表明：澳洲坚果果实生长膨大的关键时期为4 月中下旬—5 月中旬,增长了1.38~1.54 cm;在潞江坝干热河谷地区澳洲坚果存在2 个落果高峰期,第1 落果高峰期主要以授粉受精不良以及果实快速生长营养不良导致,第2 高峰期则主要表现为熟前落果,HASE695’、‘HASE900’、‘Own Choice’在这期间的落果分别占落果总数的2.7%、2.11%、4.51%,这期间澳洲坚果果实已经达到恒定大小。研究发现,澳洲坚果的保果措施应该主要针对这一期间进行深入研究,使落果减少,提高产量。     

烤烟小棚漂浮育苗基质装盘对出苗的影响

（1云南省玉溪农业职业技术学院,云南玉溪 653100;2云南省晋宁县烟草公司,云南晋宁 650600）     

不同草炭处理对植烟土壤理化性状及烟叶产质影响研究

为了研究不同草炭用量对植烟土壤的理化性状,烟叶产量和品质的影响;2005年应用盆栽土培的方法进行了试验研究。结果表明增施草炭250~2000 g/株能降低土壤容重,降幅0.78%~14.84%;提高土壤的孔隙度,增幅1.28%~14.01%;增加土壤中有机质和氮含量,增幅分别为21.15%~99.36%和3.80%~35.65%。同时增施草炭能促进烟株早期的快速生长;少量增施草炭对烟叶产量提高不大,但当草炭提高到1000~2000 g/株时产量大幅提高。同时增施草炭在一定程度上改善了烟叶的品质;但增施草炭对土壤中脲酶和过氧化氢酶影响较小。总之,增施草炭能降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度,增加土壤中有机质和氮含量,同时增施草炭能促进烟株生长,提高产量和改善品质。     

烟草漂浮育苗技术

本文具体介绍了目前国内最先进的烟草漂浮育苗技术,包括育苗材料准备、苗床位置选择及制作、育苗基质及专用肥配制、播种、苗池施肥和苗床管理等。     

The effect of tillage system and residue management on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat in a cool Atlantic climate

The effects of soil tillage and straw management systems on the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) were evaluated in a cool Atlantic climate, in central Ireland between 2009 and 2011. Two tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) each with and without incorporation of the straw of the preceding crop, were compared at five levels of fertiliser N (0, 140, 180, 220 and 260 kg N ha⁻¹).CT had a significantly higher mean grain yield over the three years but the effect of tillage varied between years. Yields did not differ in 2009 (Year 1), while CT produced significantly higher grain yields in 2010 (Year 2), while RT produced the highest yields in 2011 (Year 3). Straw incorporation had no significant effect in any year.Nitrogen application significantly increased the grain yields of all establishment treatment combinations. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) ranged from 14.6 to 62.4 kg grain (85% DM) kg N ha⁻¹ and decreased as N fertiliser rate was increased.The CT system had a significantly higher mean NUE over the three years but the effect of tillage varied with years. While there was no tillage effect in years 1 and 3, CT had a significantly higher NUE than RT in year 2. Straw management system had minimal effect on NUE in any year.The effect of tillage and N rate on soil mineral N content also varied between years. While there was no tillage effect in years 1 and 3, RT had significantly larger soil N contents than CT in the spring before N application, and post-harvest in year 2. N application rates had no effect on soil N in year 1, increased residual N content in year 2 and had an inconsistent effect in year 3. Straw management had no significant effect on soil mineral N content.These results indicate that RT establishment systems can be used to produce similar winter wheat yields to CT systems in a cool Atlantic climate, providing weather conditions at establishment are favourable. The response to nitrogen is similar with both tillage systems where the crop is successfully established. Straw management system has very little effect on crop performance or nitrogen uptake.     

The study on EMI principle and suppression method of vehicle ignition system

Vehicle ignition system is the main electromagnetic interference source. Electromagnetic radiation produced by ignition system will produce the interference to electromagnetic environment around. It is necessary to study the electromagnetic interference (EMI) principle, noise paths and suppression method. We analyze the electromagnetic interference principle of ignition system, and harness trouble-shooting related to electromagnetic interference is also tested. Results show that the spark discharge between spark plug electrodes is the main interference source in ignition system. Then, the paths of conducted interference and the reason of radiated emission are discussed in detail. Finally, two kinds of power supply cord EMI filters are designed and implemented on the basis of analysis results. Experimental results indicate that the filter can reduce the noise of power-wire in broadband range. Simultaneously, the radiation emission performance from power wire is also reduced observably. The proposed mixing filter has been demonstrated in this paper to perform satisfactorily with excellent effectiveness in suppression of conducted EMI from 10 MHz to 110 MHz, and the object car can also pass the EMC standard tests.     

烟草N-TSNAs及其前体物在烟叶烘烤过程中含量的变化

研究表明,烟叶在烘烤过程中,硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和烟草特有亚硝胺(N-TSNAs)含量在变黄阶段上升,定色阶段含量下降,干筋阶段基本保持平稳变化;烤后烟叶硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和N-TSNAs含量高于鲜烟叶。膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量、相对电导度和伤害度在变黄阶段急剧增加,定色阶段和干筋阶段缓慢增加,直至烘烤结束。     

The study of introgressive lines of Triticum aestivum × Aegilops speltoides by in situ and SSR analyses

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a genome‐specific repeat, Spelt1, and wheat simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to analyse the chromosome constitution of two Triticum aestivum×Aegilops speltoides introgressive lines. The lines 170/98i and 178/98i carried one and two subtelomeric regions of Ae. speltoides (per haploid genome), respectively, marked by Spelt1 repeats according to FISH data. SSR analysis detected homoeologous substitution of wheat chromosome 7D with Ae. speltoides chromosome 7S in the lines 178/98i and 170/98i as well as the assumed terminal translocation in the short arm of chromosome 3A in the line 178/98i. Anthocyanin pigmentation of the coleoptiles was found in the lines 170/98i and 178/98i and resulted from the 7S (7D) substitution. It was demonstrated that Spelt1 could be effectively used for the rapid identification (without DNA isolation) of terminal translocations of T. aestivum×Ae. speltoides introgressive lines as well as for further analysis of the stability of the hybrid plants.     

Numerical calculation and experimental study of mass transfer coefficient of CO2 in circulating water system

To moniter the operation condition of circulating water system and realize real-time prediction of the pH variation of circulating cooling water, a mathematic model of pH variation tendency is set up and the mass transfer coefficientof gaseous CO2 is calculated. Then the validity of the model is verified by quasi-dynamic simulation experiment. Results illustrate that circulating water can achieve the gas-liquid equilibrium state after it fully contacts with gaseous CO2 in atmosphere, and the maximum error limit between the theoretical and the measured pH value is only 0.04. The pH variation tendency of quasi-dynamic system is in line with the predicting mathematic model and the A·KG is a constant when temperature(T）and spray flow(Q）are fixed. 10 5·A·KG=0.023 6Q－0.02 gives the relationship between A·KG and Q, when T is 40 ℃.