灭菌灵在鸭场中应用效果观察

鸭疫里氏杆菌于１９８９年首次证实在福建省存在以来，由该病原菌引起的鸭传染性浆膜炎日益严重，并在污染场常与致病性大肠杆菌混合感染，现已成为种鸭场种蛋孵化率不高、雏鸭死亡率高的重要原因之一。为了找到一种简单易行而又经济的方法来解决这个问题，我们选用了灭菌灵（一种含氯消毒剂）来处理种蛋、喷洒雏鸭体及对环境进行消毒，以提高种蛋孵化率和雏鸭成活率。结果如下：１　材料和方法　１１　消毒剂　灭菌灵是一种以次氯酸钠为主要成份的含氯消毒剂。批准文号为（９４）闽卫药械准字０２１号。１２　观察项目　选择福州地区以…     

种蛋清洗消毒对孵化性能的影响试验

种蛋经机器清洗消毒处理后,与未处理的对照组相比较,入孵蛋孵化率提高了2.68个百分点,受精蛋孵化率提高了1.42个百分点,健雏率提高了0.7个百分点,经统计检验,两者差异极显著(P<0.01)。对照组死胚蛋中大肠杆菌检出率9.09%、沙门氏菌检出率54.55%,处理组大肠杆菌或沙门氏菌检出率均为零。种蛋清洗消毒后能显著提高孵化效果及雏鸡质量。     

鸡、鸭种蛋同机孵化的失重分析

试验对鸡、鸭种蛋进行同机孵化,即在同一孵化条件下进行试验,测定其在同一孵化条件下的孵化效果;同时对种蛋在孵化过程中的受精蛋和白蛋失重进行了测定。将鸡、鸭种蛋清洗、消毒后装入孵化机进行孵化,采用变温孵化,湿度控制在60%~65%之间,翻蛋1次/2 h,孵化中后期对鸭种蛋进行凉蛋处理,每隔3 d对鸡、鸭种蛋的重量进行测定,同时对孵化结果进行测定。鸡、鸭受精蛋失重率分别为10.84%、11.12%;鸡、鸭平均每天失重为0.60%、0.41%,鸡、鸭种蛋的受精蛋孵化率分别为96.8%、86.0%,健雏率分别为97.3%、96.5%。鸡、鸭种蛋进行同机孵化是可行的,蛋重对失重率有一定影响,鸡、鸭种蛋失重差异显著。     

种蛋存放时间对孵化的影响

种蛋存放时间直接关系孵化出雏率及出雏时间,出雏质量。这是目前种鸭生产中饲养规模较小,种蛋数量有限,必须进行种蛋储存的问题。为了探索北京鸭的种蛋在同等条件下,储存时间不同,对孵化率及孵化期的影响,我们进行了比较。     

浅谈种蛋的选择消毒运输及保存

为了提高种蛋的孵化率,需要做好各个细节工作,其中,种蛋质量的好坏直接关系到雏鸡的质量和孵化率。而管理好种鸡是提高健雏率和种鸡孵化率的重中之重,所以,对种蛋的选择,消毒,运输及保存都会对孵化率产生重要的影响。     

樱桃谷鸭种蛋的孵化技术

我校科研禽场孵化房孵化樱桃谷鸭种蛋已多年,在实践中逐步掌握了一些孵化技术,取得了较好的孵化效果。1991年入孵樱桃谷鸭种蛋86批,共计519374枚,其中受精蛋423452枚,种蛋受精率81.53%;孵出雏鸭396169只,受精蛋孵化率98.56%,其中健雏392502只,占99.07%,取得了较好的经济效益。我校孵化房不但孵化率较高,而且各批孵化成绩比较稳定,全年86批种蛋中,受精     

种鸡缺乏泛酸对孵化成绩的影响

1998年9月，我县一种鸡场发现一批42周龄的海兰褐父母代种鸡所产种蛋孵化率下降很快。7月份孵化率平均89%左右，8月份有所下降，可能是天热的原因，9月份孵化率下降至81%左右，健母雏10日龄成活率也下降4%～6%。而同一箱 内其他种蛋孵化成绩很好，孵化率为91%，健母雏率为49.2%。由于我场已对种蛋进行了合理的消毒、保存、孵化，所以怀疑种蛋存在质量问题。     

北京鸭种蛋贮存时间对其孵化率、健雏率的影响

<正>为分析北京鸭种蛋贮存时间对孵化率、健雏率的影响,笔者于2009年7—9月份进行了北京鸭种蛋的贮存时间对其孵化率、健雏率的影响试验。现将试验结果报道如下。1材料与方法1.1种蛋来源试验选用北京南口北京鸭育种中心提供的祖代     

影响鸭种蛋合格率的因素及应对措施

<正>种鸭包括蛋用型种鸭、兼用型种鸭、肉用型种鸭,种鸭养殖者都希望能够提高鸭种蛋合格率,以保证有较高的孵化率及雏鸭成活率,从而最大限度地提高经济效益。合格的种蛋要求蛋壳表面清洁,蛋重、蛋壳质量、蛋形、蛋壳颜色符合种鸭品种要求。     

北京鸭种蛋贮存时间对其孵化率、健雏率的影响

<正>为分析北京鸭种蛋贮存时间对孵化率、健雏率的影响,笔者于2009年7—9月份进行了北京鸭种蛋的贮存时间对其孵化率、健雏率的影响试验。现将试验结果报道如下。1材料与方法1.1种蛋来源试验选用北京南口北京鸭育种中心提供的祖代     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.