附红细胞体病红细胞免疫功能的研究

对急性附红细胞体病患畜 (猪、羊 )红细胞免疫功能的研究显示 ,感染附红细胞体的病猪 RBC-CR1花环率显著下降 ,RBC-IC花环率变化不明显。结果表明 :附红细胞体侵袭红细胞的同时 ,破坏了红细胞膜表面的 C3 b受体 ,红细胞膜表面游离状态的 C3 b受体数量明显减少 ,机体红细胞的免疫黏附活性降低 ,红细胞免疫功能低下     

附红细胞体感染对猪红细胞免疫功能的影响

对急性附红细胞体病猪的红细胞免疫功能进行了检测。结果显示，感染附红细胞体病猪的RBC-CRl花环率显著下降，RBC-IC花环率变化不明显。表明附红细胞体侵袭红细胞的同时，破坏了红细胞膜表面的C3b受体，红细胞膜表面游离状态的C3b受体数量明显减少，导致机体红细胞的免疫黏附活性降低，红细胞免疫功能低下。     

附红细胞体自然感染对仔猪免疫水平的影响

为探讨附红细胞体感染是否对仔猪的免疫水平产生影响,本试验从本地区某猪场选择4头附红细胞体自然感染发病仔猪和4头无附红细胞体感染的健康仔猪,进行了若干免疫学指标如红细胞C3b受体花环率、IC花环率;淋巴细胞转化率、T淋巴细胞Ea花环率;B淋巴细胞EAC花环率;外周血嗜中性白细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数的测定,并进行比较。试验结果表明,与健康仔猪相比,附红细胞体自然感染发病仔猪的红细胞C3b受体花环率和IC花环率明显降低;淋巴细胞转化率、T淋巴细胞Ea花环率明显降低;B淋巴细胞EAC花环率明显降低;外周血嗜中性白细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数明显降低,统计学分析表明,差异均极显著(P<0.01)。说明,附红细胞体感染对仔猪的红细胞免疫功能、细胞免疫水平、体液免疫水平及嗜中性白细胞功能均有明显的抑制作用。     

猪附红细胞体病的诊断与防治

去年八底，河北省抚宁县某养殖户送来濒死猪1头。半天后死亡，根据其临床表现、剖检病变、实验室诊断确定为猪附红细胞体病。经过对病猪群检测，该猪场还有16头猪感染，感染率达53.3%(16/30）。根据体外药敏试验和药物治疗试验结果表明，使用血虫净，盐酸土霉素、硫酸卡那霉素对猪附红细胞体病均有效，但以血虫净配合盐酸土霉素效果较好。为验证其致病性，将保存的含猪附红细胞体的血液接种子健康猪3头，结果导致发病，感染猪临床表现与自然发病猪相似。地感染猪的血液进行镜检，根据视野中感染红细胞数目计算出红细胞感染率。又通过对感染猪血液部分血液学指标测定的结果表明，猪附红细胞体可使猪红细胞数目减少，血红蛋白含量降低，红细胞脆性增高。猪附红细胞体不但可以引起猪发病，而且还可以通过直接或间接接触病畜而引起人的感染，是一种人畜共患传染病。     

附红细胞体病

<正>附红细胞体病是由附红细胞体寄生于猪红细胞和血浆中而引起的一种传染性疾病,临床以发热、厌食、贫血、黄疸及四肢、耳尖和腹下出血为主要特征,易感动物有猪、牛、羊、猫和其他动物,在不同宿主中存在不同的虫种(如猪附红细胞体、羊附红细胞体)。人也可感染附红细胞体。近年来猪附红     

猪附红细胞体感染对仔猪猪瘟免疫效果的影响

为探讨猪附红细胞体对仔猪猪瘟免疫效果的影响,本试验利用猪瘟抗体检测ELISA试剂盒,对已注射猪瘟疫苗的69头感染猪附红细胞体的仔猪和31头无猪附红细胞体感染的健康仔猪进行了猪瘟抗体检测。结果表明,感染猪附红细胞体仔猪的猪瘟抗体水平低下,其猪瘟疫苗整体免疫合格率(49·2%)明显低于健康仔猪(93·5%),且显性感染仔猪的免疫合格率(41·6%)明显低于隐性感染仔猪(53·5%)。说明猪附红细胞体严重干扰了猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果,且干扰程度与猪附红细胞体的感染程度呈正相关。     

猪附红细胞体病原特征及其致病性分析

为研究猪附红细胞体的病原形态学特征及其致病特性,给6只临床健康小鼠成功感染了猪附红细胞体病,对试验组小鼠感染后的不同时期采集的血样进行了鲜血压片、姬姆萨染色及扫描电子显微镜下的形态学检查,红细胞计数和以P1:5'-GCATGCCCAGTCCCCAAGGA-3'和P2:5'-TGCGGGGAGTACGTGGGAAGG-3'为特异性引物,利用2003年Ludwig E报道的方法对待检血样中附红细胞体DNA的PCR鉴定及测序.1 000倍油镜下观察到单个或连成线状的附红细胞体附着于红细胞表面,红细胞变成刺状、菠萝状或"口"字形等不规则形状;12 000倍扫描电镜下观察到了"逗点"状及以纤丝与红细胞膜相连的附红细胞体;红细胞计数结果显示:与对照组相比试验组小鼠在接种后第7、10、14天出现大量异型性红细胞,其中第10天严重变形红细胞数量最多.说明猪附红细胞体病发病明显期在感染后第7～14天,14 d以后逐渐消散;PCR扩增得到782 bp的DNA片段,经序列分析与序列号为AJ504999的相应片段同源性为99.74%.本试验为猪附红细胞体的病原特性的研究提供了科学依据,为猪附红细胞体病发病机理等方面更深入的研究奠定了基础.     

附红细胞体自然感染病猪血浆NO、SOD和MDA的变化

为了研究附红细胞体对机体抗氧化 功能的影响,以临床表现高热、贫血、黄疸和 附红细胞体感染率80%以上的急性自然病例 (猪)为试验组,以体质健壮、精神状态良好、 附红细胞体阴性的健康猪为对照,分别自耳 静脉采集抗凝血,进行了血浆一氧化氮 (NO)、超过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)含量的测定。结果表明,试验组血浆 NO水平明显升高,SOD活性显著下降,同时 MDA含量增加,差异均极显著(P<0.01)。 说明附红细胞体感染后,机体抗氧化能力降 低,血浆NO自由基和氧自由基大量蓄积,脂 质过氧化反应增强,是造成一系列病理损伤 的原因之一。     

猪附红细胞体对自然感染长白仔猪血液学指标的影响

为研究猪附红细胞体对自然感染长白仔猪血液学指标的影响,采用姬姆萨染色法和PCR方法对自然感染猪附红细胞体长白仔猪进行了病原体鉴定,采用全自动动物血液细胞分析仪对猪附红细胞体病长白仔猪的血液学指标和血清生化指标进行了检测。结果表明,自然感染猪附红细胞体长白仔猪的红细胞总数、红细胞压积、血红蛋白浓度降低,白细胞总数升高;谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶等血清酶活性升高;尿素氮含量降低;血糖、总胆固醇等含量无明显变化。研究结果为猪附红细胞体病的临床诊断提供了理论依据。     

猪附红细胞体病诊断方法研究进展

附红细胞体病(eperythrozoonsis)是由附红细胞体(eperythrozoon)感染动物机体后,寄生于宿主红细胞表面、血浆及骨髓等处引起的一种以发热、黄疸、贫血为主要临床特征的人畜共患传染病(Kreier等,1976).附红细胞体在<伯杰细菌鉴定手册>中列为立克次体目,无浆体科,附红细胞体属(Gwaltney等,1995).近几年对猪附红细胞体病原基因进行序列分析研究认为,猪附红细胞体应更名为猪嗜血性支原体或猪支原体.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …