微波辅助提取石榴皮中抗氧化成份研究

本试旨在研究提取石榴中抗氧化成份。以石榴皮作为原料,95%的乙醇作为溶剂,采用微波辅助提取石榴皮中的抗氧化成分,以产率为评价指标,考察了微波功率(160W、320W、480W、640W)、微波处理时间(40s、60s、80s、100s)和料液比(1:5、1:7、1:9、1:11)对产率的影响;在单因素考察基础上,进行正交实验设计:微波功率(320W、480W、640W)、微波处理时间(40s、60s、80s)和料液比(1:7、1:9、1:11),结果表明:乙醇浓度95%、微波功率640W、微波处理时间60s、料液比1:11为最优工艺条件。结果提示,用微波辅助提取石榴皮中抗氧化活性物质是较好的方法。     

中草药五倍子、诃子有效成分提取工艺的研究

以最小杀菌浓度为评价指标,对中草药五倍子、诃子有效成分最佳提取工艺进行了研究.结果表明,五倍子有效成分最佳提取工艺为:温度100℃,提取次数2次,时间2 h,加水量15倍;诃子有效成分最佳提取工艺为:温度100℃,提取次数2次,提取时间1.5 h,加水量20倍.     

响应面优化沙蚕抗氧化物的超高压提取及其抗氧化活性研究

为了探讨超高压提取条件对沙蚕提取物中总酚含量的影响,采用超高压提取技术对双齿围沙蚕的抗氧化活性物质进行提取,比较不同提取条件(料液比、提取压力、提取时间及提取温度)对沙蚕提取物中总酚含量的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,采用3因素3水平的2次响应面法优化超高压提取工艺参数。结果表明,超高压提取沙蚕总酚的最佳工艺参数为:料液比1∶40(m/v,g/m L),提取压力378.72 MPa,提取时间28 min,提取温度20℃,在此提取条件下沙蚕提取物的总酚含量为8.39μg/mg干基,其清除超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基及DPPH自由基的IC50(半数抑制浓度)分别为40.13、212.41及2.00 mg/mL。沙蚕超高压提取物具有很强的抗氧化活性。     

响应面法优化丹参中抗无乳链球菌活性成分的提取工艺

在单因素提取工艺优化的基础上,选取液料比、浸润时间、提取时间和提取温度进行四因素三水平的Box-behnken实验设计,并结合响应面分析法进一步优化丹参中抗无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae,SA)活性成分提取工艺。优化所得最佳提取工艺为液料比37.8:1.0(ml:g)、浸润时间104 min、提取温度86.7℃、提取时间182 min。响应面模型预测在该提取工艺下抗SA活性成分提取得率极值为25.95%,经4次平行验证实验的实际提取得率为(25.87±0.03)%,为优化前的2.59倍,表明优化方法高效可靠。     

碱液浸提法制备硫酸软骨素的工艺优化

采用碱液浸提法对鱿鱼软骨中硫酸软骨素的提取工艺进行研究。以硫酸软骨素得率为评价指标,通过对影响硫酸软骨素得率的因素进行单因素试验和响应面优化试验确定最佳工艺参数。结果表明,碱液浸提的最佳工艺条件为：料液比1∶8( g/mL)、浸提温度50℃、浸提时间5．3 h, NaOH浓度3%。在此条件下,鱿鱼软骨中硫酸软骨素得率为62．89%。     

响应面法同步优化褶牡蛎中蛋白和多糖提取工艺

于单因素试验基础上,以牡蛎蛋白和多糖提取率(Y1和Y2)为响应值,利用响应面法对牡蛎中蛋白和多糖提取工艺进行同步优化.试验结果表明,液料比(X1)、提取时间(X2)、提取温度(X3)及pH值(X4)4个因素对Y1和Y2均有显著影响.由响应面三维及等高线叠加图得到牡蛎蛋白和多糖提取率均高的最佳提取工艺参数:液料比33∶1,提取时间2.6h,提取温度40℃,pH值4.2.在此条件下,验证试验得到牡蛎蛋白提取率为21.15％,牡蛎多糖提取率为12.07％,与数学模型预测值非常接近.可见,响应面同步优化法对牡蛎蛋白和多糖提取条件进行同步优化合理可行.     

响应面优化对虾腌制条件

优化对虾腌制工艺条件,为即食对虾生产提供理论依据。将腌制后对虾挥发性盐基氮、菌落总数和感官评定为指标,通过单因素及响应面分析法,研究不同腌制条件(浓度、时间、料液比)对虾肉的影响。结果表明:腌制时间、料液比、加盐量对感官评定结果的影响显著;通过响应面交互作用分析与优化,最佳工艺条件为:加盐量13%、腌制时间2h、料液比1︰2,此时,感官评价结果为91.35。     

草鱼内脏鱼油乙醇提取研究及其脂舫酸组成分析

对无水乙醇提取草鱼内脏鱼油工艺进行了研究,并分析了鱼油的基本理化性质和脂肪酸组成,主要研究了料液比对鱼油提取率的影响。无水乙醇提取草鱼内脏鱼油的工艺为:料液比(w:v)1:8,提取温度55℃,提取时间3小时。在此工艺条件下,粗鱼油提取率为87.6%。粗鱼油经85%磷酸脱胶、4%NaOH脱酸、活性白土脱色后,鱼油呈浅黄色透明状,酸价、过氧化值较低;经冬化处理后的鱼油中不饱和脂肪酸含量约为81.5%。     

红毛藻多糖的提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

本文以红毛藻为研究材料,对红毛藻多糖的提取工艺进行优化,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行研究.实验分别考察红毛藻的提取时间、提取温度、料液比对红毛藻多糖提取量的影响,并结合正交实验设计优选出最佳提取工艺,同时通过体外抗氧化活性评价研究其清除DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的能力.结果表明,以料液比1∶40(m/v)、在90℃下提取2...     

复方中兽药连梅止痢口服液生产工艺研究

通过对连梅止痢口服液中兽药配方药物提取方法的研究,确定其最佳提取因素水平。方法用水提法以提取次数、提取时间、浸泡时间、溶剂量为考察因素,以浸膏得率和盐酸小檗碱的含量为考察指标,用正交试验法优选连梅止痢液提取工艺。结果连梅止痢液的最佳提取工艺分别加10、8、6倍量水,浸泡1.0h,回流提取3次,提取时间分别为1.0 h、1.0 h、1.0h。     

响应面法优化酶法提取大鲵皮胶原蛋白工艺

为了优化人工养殖大鲵(Andrias davidianus Blanchard)皮中胶原蛋白的提取工艺, 以加酶量、液料比和酶解时间为试验因素, 胶原蛋白提取率为响应值, 采用Box-Behnken设计进行试验。通过响应面法考察了3个因素对胶原蛋白提取率的影响, 建立了胶原蛋白提取率的二次多项式回归模型, 并对提取工艺进行了优化。试验结果表明, 3个因素对鲵皮中胶原蛋白提取率的影响大小次序为: 液料比>酶解时间>加酶量; 交互项中“液料比-酶解时间”项对提取率影响显著, 其他交互项对提取率影响不显著。为满足实际需要, 对模型预测得到的大鲵皮胶原蛋白最优提取工艺稍做调整, 具体参数为: 加酶量16.5%、液料比15 mL/g、酶解时间29 h。此条件下, 大鲵皮胶原蛋白提取率可达到66.99%, 与模型理论预测值(67.83%)较为一致。

     

暗纹东方鲀鱼精蛋白的提取工艺优化研究

以暗纹东方鲀(Takifugu obscurus)精巢组织为原料,采用酸提法提取鱼精蛋白。以得率为指标,通过正交实验,确定了最佳的提取参数。结果显示,提取鱼精蛋白的影响因素重要性依次为：提取次数>硫酸用量>硫酸浓度>95%乙醇用量;最佳提取工艺条件：硫酸浓度为0.2 mol/L、硫酸用量为2.5倍、提取次数为2次、95%乙醇用量为2.5倍。在此工艺条件下,暗纹东方鲀鱼精蛋白的得率为3.82%,蛋白含量达89.01%。通过十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Tricine-SDS-PAGE)可知,提取的粗鱼精蛋白有2个条带,分子量分别在25和20 kDa附近。分析其氨酸酸组成发现,暗纹东方鲀鱼精蛋白属于双鱼精蛋白,其中,精氨酸和丙氨酸含量相对较高,分别占31.40%和17.39%。本研究对暗纹东方鲀鱼精蛋白更好地应用在食品和医药领域具有重要意义。     

Antioxidant Assessment of Schizochytrium Meal Protein Enzymatic Hydrolysate and Its Potential Application

Schizochytrium meal protein (SMP) extracted from Schizochytrium meal was hydrolyzed by flavourzyme. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions for the protein extraction yield from Schizochytrium meal. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (DRSA) was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of hydrolysates. The orthogonal test was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables, namely protease dosage, hydrolysis time, and pH. The optimum conditions obtained were as follows: protease dosage of 7%, hydrolysis time of 1.5 h, pH of 6, under which, DRSA at the concentration of 2 mg/mL was 89.38%. Aspartic and glutamic acid constituted approximately 26.32% of the total amino acids, and glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid of Schizochytrium meal protein hydrolysate (SMPH) by amino acid composition analysis, which may have contributed to the scavenging activity of SMPH. Moreover, SMPH was made into chewable tablets with suitable formula and high humidity stability. These findings indicate that Schizochytrium meal can be reused as a raw material for preparation of antioxidant peptides.     

几种处理对三叶草叶蛋白提取率及蛋白质质量分数的影响

选用三叶草为试验材料,通过单因素试验设计,探讨料液比、加盐量、不同pH值和絮凝温度4个因素对三叶草叶蛋白提取率及蛋白质质量分数的影响。以叶蛋白提取率、蛋白质量分数为指标,以期获得三叶草叶蛋白提取基础参数。试验表明,料水比1:3、加盐量4%、pH值4.0、絮凝温度80℃时三叶草的叶蛋白提取率最高。     

Application of Two-Level Full Factorial Design for the Extraction of Fucoxanthin and Antioxidant Activities from Sargassum siliquosum and Sargassum polycystum

Two-level full factorial design was employed to identify the extraction parameters that can improve the derivation of fucoxanthin content (FC), total carotenoid content (TCC), and antioxidant from two brown seaweeds, Sargassum siliquosum (SS) and Sargassum polycystum (SP). These parameters included temperature (A: 4–45°C), time (B: 30–1,440 min), and solvent-to-solid ratio (C: 10–50 ml/g). Antioxidant activities were determined as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results showed that all three factors were significant (p < 0.05) in providing higher FC in both species. These factors were also significant in obtaining higher TCC in SS; whereas in SP, TCC was only affected by solvent-to-solid ratio. Only temperature was found to contribute significantly to a higher TEAC in both species. However, none of the factors improved DPPH for SS, except temperature and time for SP. For SS, only time was significant in obtaining higher FRAP; whereas temperature and time were significant for SP. Hence, results indicate that a simple modification in the extraction temperature, time, and solvent-to-solid ratio will be able to improve the derivation of fucoxanthin, carotenoids, and antioxidant activities.     

红藻糖苷的提取及其对草鱼鱼糜抗冻性能的影响

为探讨红藻糖苷的醇提工艺以及红藻糖苷对冷冻草鱼鱼糜蛋白变性作用的影响,首先采用响应面分析法对乙醇浓度、提取温度、时间和液料比4个因素进行优化,随后以冷冻鱼糜的盐溶性蛋白含量、巯基含量及肌原纤维蛋白Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性等参数为指标,探测冷冻草鱼鱼糜在冷藏过程中添加红藻糖苷对蛋白质变性作用的影响。结果显示,红藻糖苷的最佳醇提条件为乙醇72.3%、提取温度60°C、时间4 h、液料比14∶1(m L/g),在此条件下的提取率为3.46%;抗冻性能结果显示,随红藻糖苷浓度升高,抗冻效果增强;以10%红藻糖苷处理冷冻鱼糜4周后,盐溶性蛋白含量和巯基含量分别比空白组高30.62%、32.80%,肌原纤维蛋白的Ca2+-ATP酶活性的下降率比空白组低37.51%,解冻失水率的增长率比空白组低133.07%。研究表明,红藻糖苷能有效延缓草鱼鱼糜肌原纤维蛋白的冷冻变性。     

Oxidative Stability of Common Kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) Oil Supplemented with Microwave Extracted Ghure (Unripe Grape) Marc Extract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of microwave extracted Ghure (unripe grape) marc extract on common kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris caspia) oil oxidation during accelerated storage. The antioxidant activity of Ghure marc extract was compared with those of α-tocopherol and BHT. The Ghure marc extract significantly reduced the peroxide and p-anisidine value of kilka oil. Even though the effect of Ghure marc extract on reducing the oxidation of kilka oil was similar to the effect of BHT, it was functionally more effective than α-tocopherol. Generally, Ghure marc extract could be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants, with inexpensive costs, for improving the oxidative stability of kilka oil.

Abbreviations: AA, Antioxidant activity; AOP, Antioxidant power; AV, p-Anisidine value; CUPRAC, Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity; DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; FIC, Ferrous ion chelating; GME, Ghure marc extract; FRAP, Ferrous ion reducing antioxidant power; KO, Kilka oil; IP, Induction period; MAE, Microwave-assisted extraction; MUFA, Monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acid; PV, peroxide value; PF, Protection factor; RSA, Radical scavenging activity; SFA, Saturated fatty acids; TFC, Total flavonoid content; TPC, total phenolic content TV, totox value.     

Optimized Extraction,Preliminary Characterization and Evaluation of the in Vitro Anticancer Activity of Phlorotannin-Rich Fraction from the Brown Seaweed,Cystoseira sedoides

Brown seaweeds produce useful bioactive substances with high cosmetic and pharmacological values due to the presence of antioxidant derivatives, mainly phlorotannins (PHT), which are of particular interest. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three variables (extraction time, dry material-to-solvent ratio and ethanol concentration) and two responses was performed to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of phlorotannins from Cystoseira sedoides using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the independent variables significantly affected both phlorotannin content and the scavenging capacity. The optimum operating conditions were extraction time, 101.74 sec; dry material-to-solvent ratio, 1:10 g/mL; and ethanol extraction, 50%. Under these conditions, the predicted values of PHT content and radical scavenging activity-IC50 were close to the observed values and were 383.887 µg PGE/g Dm and 18.353 µg/mL, respectively. Characterization of the phlorotannin-rich fraction was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The evaluation of the anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell line showed a potent activity to trigger apoptotic death in more than a half of the MCF-7 cells, with an estimated IC50 value of 78 μg/mL. In addition, this fraction induced a notable growth regression effect on 3D spheroids model in a concentration-dependent manner, with a growth rate of about 1.17, at 200 µg/mL.

Abbreviations: CCRD: Central composite rotatable design; Dm: Dry material; DMBA: 2,4-dimethoxy benzaldehyde; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; EDTA: Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; FT-IR: Fourier transform infrared; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; IC₅₀: Half-maximal inhibitory concentration; MAE: Microwave-assisted extraction; Min: minutes; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; PGE: Phloroglucinol equivalent; PHT: Phlorotannins; PHT-SED: phlorotannins derived from Cystoseira sedoides; PI: Propidium iodide; RSA: Radical scavenging activity; RSM: Response surface methodology; Sec: seconds     

响应面法提取南极磷虾磷脂及其分子种组成的测定

南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)生物储量巨大,含有丰富的磷脂酰胆碱(phosphatidylcholine,PC),而PC是生物生长的必需磷脂。现今南极磷虾的研究主要针对磷虾油和蛋白,尚未见有PC分子组成的系统研究报道。该研究使用超声辅助Bligh Dyer脂质提取法提取南极磷虾中磷脂,并采用Box-Benhnken设计原理优化提取工艺,以正离子模式下胆碱碎片(m/z 184)为特异性碎片,利用鸟枪脂质组学法鉴定南极磷虾组织中的PC分子组成。结果表明,南极磷虾磷脂的最佳提取条件为超声时间21.0 min、超声温度30℃、溶剂用量3.1 mL,此条件下磷脂实际提取率的平均值为(7.59±0.03)%。利用鸟枪脂质组学法鉴定出南极磷虾中共含有36种PC分子,其中EPA/DHA脂肪酸链含量占47.75%,质量分数为269.82μg·g~(-1)。研究表明南极磷虾组织中含有丰富的EPA和DHA,而磷脂状态存在的ω-3脂肪酸具有较高的利用效率,这为开发南极磷虾类营养保健产品提供数据支持和理论基础。     

微波辅助萃取生姜中的有效成分及其抑菌作用研究

本实验以生姜为原料,先用乙醚、正己烷、乙酸、乙酸乙脂、丙酮、乙醇为供试溶剂,确定了乙醇为生姜提取的最佳溶剂。分别以40%、50%、60%、70%、80%的乙醇进行了单因素实验,确定了70%乙醇为最佳提取浓度;再以功率为160w、320w、640w的微波,固液比为1∶10、1∶13、1∶16,对生姜进行150s、180s、210s的辐射处理。所进行的正交实验表明:生姜提取的最佳工艺条件分别为:乙醇浓度70%、微波功率320w、固液比1∶16、提取时间180s。所得生姜提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酿酒酵母和黑曲霉的抑菌实验表明:供试菌的抑菌圈分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌12.3mm、大肠杆菌11.7mm、枯草芽孢杆菌12.1mm、酿酒酵母13.5mm、黑曲霉15.2mm,生姜提取物对供试菌的抑菌效果依次为:黑曲霉>酿酒酵母>枯草芽孢杆菌>金黄色葡萄球菌>大肠杆菌。得到各种供试菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为:金黄色葡萄球菌10.938mg/mL、大肠杆菌43.75mg/mL、枯草杆菌43.75mg/mL、酿酒酵母菌5.469mg/mL、黑曲霉为2.734mg/mL。