Effects of gossypol from cottonseed meal and dietary vitamin E on the reproductive characteristics of superovulated beef heifers

Superovulated Hereford-Angus crossbred heifers (average 397 kg BW) were used to test the effect of feeding cottonseed meal (gossypol) and vitamin E on embryo quality and ovarian characteristics. Twenty-four heifers were assigned randomly to four treatments with six heifers per treatment. Treatments were the following dietary supplements: 1) SBM (soybean meal + 30 IU vitamin E/kg of diet DM); 2) SBM+E (soybean meal + 4,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) x d(-1)); 3) CSM (cottonseed meal + 30 IU vitamin E/kg of diet DM); and 4) CSM+E (cottonseed meal + 4,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) x d(-1)). Supplements based on cottonseed meal provided 43.5 g of total gossypol/d (37% negative isomer (-) and 63% positive isomer (+)). Blood samples were collected at the start of the experiment and every 3 wk thereafter up to 12 wk. Plasma a-tocopherol (alpha-T) concentration was affected by treatments (P < 0.05). Heifers supplemented with cottonseed meal had greater (P < 0.05) alpha-T concentration in plasma than heifers supplemented with soybean meal at each concentration of vitamin E. Supplementation at 4,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) d(-1) increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of a-T in plasma. Weight gain, hemoglobin and hematocrit were not affected by treatment. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) increased (P < 0.05) in cottonseed meal-fed animals; however, EOF was lowered (P < 0.05) with vitamin E supplementation. Heifers fed CSM and CSM+E supplements had greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of (-)-, (+)-, and total-gossypol in plasma, corpora lutea (CL), liver, and endometrium than heifers fed SBM and SBM+E supplements. Tissue alpha-T concentration increased with increased dietary supplemental vitamin E, particularly in great amounts in the CL. Because there was no adverse effect of gossypol on superovulation response or embryo development despite concentrations of gossypol in endometrium that are toxic to embryos, it is likely that systems exist in the reproductive tract to limit gossypol toxicity.     

Effect of expanded cottonseed meal on laying performance,egg quality,concentrations of free gossypol in tissue,serum and egg of laying hens

Three hundred and sixty Hy‐Line Brown hens, 40 week of age, were allocated to five treatments, each of which included four replicates of 18 hens. After an expanded process of cottonseed meal (CSM), free gossypol content in CSM was decreased from 1.24 to 0.40 g/kg. The dietary treatments were corn‐soybean meal based diets including 6% CSM and 6%, 8% and 10% expanded cottonseed meal (ECSM). Hens fed 8% ECSM had higher (P < 0.05) laying rate and average egg weight than those fed 6% CSM. The albumen height and Haugh unit in the control group, 6% and 8% ECSM groups were superior (P < 0.05) to other treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM resulted in severe (P < 0.05) egg yolk discoloration. Free gossypol (FG) concentrations in yolk and albumen and tissues of the 6% CSM group were greater (P < 0.05) than those in any ECSM treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM and 10% ECSM had the highest (P < 0.05) FG concentrations in the liver compared with those in the kidney and muscle, and higher (P < 0.05) FG residues in yolk than those in albumen. In conclusion, FG in CSM can be reduced by 68% through an expanded process and ECSM can be available in laying hens at up to 10% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of soybean meal with ECSM may improve performance in laying hens.     

高棉籽粕饲料饲喂肉用仔鸡效果试验

棉籽粕中的毒素成分以棉酚为主 ,对动物造成毒害作用的是游离棉酚。棉酚容易和二价阳离子 ,比如铁离子 (Ｆｅ2 )结合形成螯合物 ,这些鳌合物在动物肠道内不易被吸收 ,因此可以防止棉酚的毒性。在实际生产中 ,人们常把硫酸亚铁作为棉籽粕的脱毒剂。营养研究表明 ,微量元素之间的平衡与否 ,对动物的生长与机体健康非常重要 ,若只在饲料中增加某种微量元素的含量 ,其结果往往顾此失彼 ,动物不仅不能正常生长 ,严重时还将引发疾病。这也许正是导致硫酸亚铁不能完全解决棉籽粕毒素问题的原因。本试验旨在根据营养平衡原理 ,设计一种复合添加剂 ,…     

棉籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸭生产、屠宰性能及血液指标的影响

本试验选取480只21日龄健康、体重相近樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为4组,每组设6个重复,各重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂在基础日粮中添加3%、6%、9%棉籽粕代替部分豆粕的日粮。试验期间记录各组体增重及耗料量等,试验结束后,测定各组肉鸭的生产性能、屠宰性能、靶器官比重及血清中尿素氮、总蛋白、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶含量,研究3～5周龄肉鸭日粮中棉籽粕适宜添加比例。试验期14d。结果表明:三种替代比例对肉鸭体增重、料重比和屠宰性能无显著影响(P0.05);3%和6%添加量对肉鸭肝脏比重、血清尿素氮、总蛋白、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶含量无显著影响(P0.05),日粮中添加9%棉籽粕,对肉鸭肝脏比重无显著影响(P0.05),但谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶显著增加(P0.05)。本试验条件下,日粮中添加6%棉籽粕,樱桃谷肉鸭生产、屠宰性能最理想,胴体品质也有一定改善,且对肝脏发育、血液生化指标无显著影响。     

发酵菜粕对肉鸭生长性能及血液指标的影响

试验主要研究发酵菜粕按等蛋白替代肉鸭全价日粮中的部分豆粕的适宜比例及其对肉鸭生长性能和血液指标的影响。800只同批次、健康、体重大小相近的雏鸭随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复40只。对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验组在等蛋白替代豆粕的前提下,在基础日粮中分别添加5％、8％、11％的发酵菜粕。试验期间记录各组鸭体重及耗料量等,试验结束后,测定各组肉鸭的生长性能、靶器官比重及血清中T3、T4的含量。结果表明,用发酵菜粕替代一定比例的豆粕,对内鸭的生长性能没有产生不良的影响。当发酵菜粕添加到8％时,能有效地改善内鸭的生长性能（P〈0．05）;但添加到11％时,虽然没有产生统计学的差异显著性（P〉0．05）,但其效果不如其它组别。因此,发酵菜粕添加8％的比例最为合适,与对照组相比能有效地改善肉鸭的生长性能。     

饲喂全棉籽影响奶牛生产性能和血液指标的研究进展

我国饲料资源日渐紧缺,开发利用新的资源很关键,如果可以将产量丰富的农副产品—棉籽广泛应用于奶牛养殖,这将大大提高经济效益。文章综述了国内外棉籽应用于奶牛生产的试验研究,包括对奶牛生产性能、繁殖性能和血液指标的影响,旨在为奶牛养殖提供理论依据。     

饲喂IgG对仔猪血液生化指标和生产性能的影响

试验分两批选用 12 0 ,6 0头大白仔猪 ,出生 2 4h之内饲喂不同剂量的免疫球蛋白制剂 0 ,4 80 ,96 0mg ,均吮食初乳。于仔猪 5 ,10 ,15日龄前腔静脉采血 ,测定血清总蛋白、血清IgG、血清碱性磷酸酶和血红蛋白含量 ,并测定仔猪断奶时增重 ,哺乳前、后期平均日增重。结果表明 :饲喂不同水平的IgG ,仔猪 5 ,10日龄血清总蛋白、血清碱性磷酸酶活性和血红蛋白含量均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。饲喂高水平IgG(96 0mg)的仔猪 ,5日龄血清IgG水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。哺乳前期 (0～ 15日龄 )各处理组仔猪平均日增重显著高对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,断奶时增重也显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。     

棉酚降解酶及热带假丝酵母ZD-3对棉籽粕脱毒的对比研究

试验旨在研究对比棉酚降解酶及热带假丝酵母ZD-3对棉籽粕中游离棉酚与营养物质的影响,从而评定棉酚降解酶对棉籽粕脱毒的效果。利用棉酚降解酶及热带假丝酵母ZD-3对棉籽粕分别进行酶解与固态发酵。检测原棉籽粕及处理后棉籽粕中游离棉酚与营养物质的含量及蛋白质分子质量分布。棉籽粕经棉酚降解酶酶解后,游离棉酚的含量与原棉籽粕相比极显著降低,棉籽粕的脱毒率为92.67%,较热带假丝酵母ZD-3发酵后的脱毒率上升了4.46%,经棉酚降解酶酶解后及热带假丝酵母ZD-3发酵后的棉籽粕,两者的营养物质含量差异不显著,均未检测到棉籽粕中大分子蛋白质降解成小分子蛋白质的现象。棉酚降解酶可以很好的代替热带假丝酵母ZD-3应用于棉籽粕的脱毒,同时棉酚降解酶酶解脱毒较热带假丝酵母ZD-3固态发酵能够极大地缩短时间。     

饲喂代乳粉对羔羊生长性能和体组织参数的影响

研究饲喂代乳粉和母羊哺乳对羔羊生长性能和体组织参数的影响。选取18只日龄和体重相近、健康的杂交F1羔羊,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组9只。试验组饲喂代乳粉,对照组随母羊哺乳,饲养时间为90d。称取20、90日龄空腹体重,并于90日龄时每组随机选取4只屠宰,称量胴体、各胃室、小肠各段、内脏器官鲜重。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组羔羊平均日增重提高18.61%(P0.05);宰前活体重、胴体重分别提高22.28%、32.44%(P0.05),屠宰率提高6.67%(P0.05);复胃总重增加13.25%(P0.05),其中瘤胃鲜重增加25.92%(P0.05),皱胃鲜重提高6.74%(P0.05),网胃和瓣胃鲜重则有降低的趋势;回肠鲜重和长度分别增长75.28%(P0.05)和35.50%(P0.05);肺、肾脏、肝脏和脾脏鲜重提高22.29%、30.10%、28.86%和38.22%(P0.05)。结论:饲喂代乳粉后可提高羔羊生长性能,但对屠宰率无显著影响,可促进其瘤胃的发育,并影响部分内脏器官发育。     

Effect of lasalocid sodium and molasses on performance of fattening lambs and on rumen liquor and blood parameters

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of sugar beet molasses (0, 8 and 16%) with or without lasalocid sodium (33 ppm) on rumen liquor and blood parameters of sheep, and on fattening reared Karagouniko breed lambs. In Expt. 1 six adult Karagouniko fistulated wethers were fed six different pelleted diets. The results showed that lasalocid decreased (P less than 0.01) total VFAs concentration in the rumen (7.1%) by reducing (P less than 0.001) acetic, n-butyric and iso-valeric acids while increased (P less than 0.001) propionic acid concentrations. The same trends were observed in molar proportions of the individual VFAs. The total VFAs production was also depressed by 13.75% when molasses were used at the level of 16%. No interaction among the main treatments was observed with the exception of L X M with 16% molasses where the propionic acid concentration decreased, and those of butyric and iso-valeric acids increased. Lasalocid did not alter the mean values of rumen liquor pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration while molasses increased the later parameter. No significant differences on dietary protein degradability were observed among treatments. Lasalocid reduced the beta-HBA concentration by 13% in the blood while molasses increased it (P less than 0.001). Free fatty acids' concentration was decreased by the molasses inclusion to the diets, while lasalocid didn't alter blood glucose concentration. Finally, the number of protozoa in the rumen liquor was reduced by 49 and 70% at 0 and 5 hours post feeding respectively with the addition of lasalocid to the diets, regardless of the use of molasses. In Expt. 2 utilized 86 weaned male Karagouniko fattening lambs, with initial mean LW 13 kg, for 60 days. They were assigned to six groups and fed ad libitum with diets of the same composition as in Exp 1. Lasalocid increased the growth rate by 8.6%, reduced feed consumption by 4.8% (P less than 0.005) and improved feed conversion by 11.8%. Molasses also improved growth rate by 16-34% and increased feed consumption by 15-22%. The interaction of L X M to feed consumption was significant (P less than 0.001). None of the treatments had an effect on carcass characteristics. Finally lasalocid showed its positive action when it was used in combination with molasses in ruminants' diets.     

黑水虻幼虫虫粉替代仔猪饲料中血浆蛋白粉或鱼粉对仔猪生长性能的影响

文章研究了黑水虻幼虫虫粉替代仔猪饲料中血浆蛋白粉或鱼粉等蛋白质原料的可行性。以血浆蛋白粉和鱼粉为对照组,黑水虻幼虫虫粉为试验组,选用(40±3)日龄的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪240头,按体重一致的原则,将仔猪分成3组,每组4个重复(栏),每个重复20头。通过测定仔猪生长性能比较黑水虻幼虫虫粉替代血浆蛋白粉以及鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长的影响。结果表明,饲养仔猪25 d后,使用血浆蛋白粉、鱼粉和黑水虻虫粉饲养仔猪对应平均日增重分别是(0.361±0.015)kg/d、(0.399±0.020)kg/d和(0.364±0.021)kg/d,料肉比分别为(2.014±0.051)、(2.027±0.101)和(1.944±0.071),腹泻率分别为(5.60±0.014)%、(6.90±0.008)%和(6.28±0.008)%,存活率分别为(95.00±0.035)%、(98.75±0.013)%和(96.25±0.024)%,各组间差异不显著。试验结果表明,黑水虻虫粉代替血浆蛋白粉和鱼粉用于保育猪的饲养是可行性的。     

螺杆转速和含水率对棉籽粉双螺杆挤压脱毒的影响

棉籽饼粕是一种优良的蛋白资源,通常含 30％～ 50％的蛋白质, 10％～ 15％的纤维素和其它一些营养成分,其营养价值甚至高于谷类蛋白质。但普通棉籽仁中的棉酚有毒性,食用后会危害细胞、血管和神经,通常它的含量为 0.20％～ 2.0％,远超过国际食用卫生标准 0.04％。我国是产棉大国,每年都有成千上万吨的棉籽饼粕返田作肥料,开发这宝贵的蛋白资源有重要的意义。 　　解决此类脱毒问题的途径,目前有培育无腺体棉的遗传学法、旋液分离的物理法、添加硫酸亚铁或混合溶剂提取的化学法及微生物发酵的生物学法等等。但在实际处理时它们都或…     

Implications of low fiber levels in finishing lambs on performance,health, rumen,and carcass parameters

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of NDF in high-concentrate diets on performance and aspects ruminal, blood, and...     

Effect of meal feeding on plasma volume and urinary electrolyte clearance in ponies

The effect of meal size and frequency on plasma volume, plasma aldosterone concentration and urinary Na and K clearances was determined in ponies. A daily maintenance ration of hay-grain pellets was provided either as a multiple feeding regimen, ie, 12 equal portions fed at 2-hour intervals, or as single large feedings, ie, half the ration fed every 12 hours at 0800 and 2000 hours. Only the effect of the single morning feeding was studied, using the latter regimen. Serial measurements of plasma volume were made by use of an indicator-dilution technique and indocyanine green (0.15 mg/kg of body weight, IV) that allowed repeated determinations at 2-hour intervals. Ingestion of the single large meal caused a 15% decrease in plasma volume by the end of a 1-hour feeding period. Feeding hypovolemia was confirmed by a coincident increase in plasma protein concentration (12%) and, in separate experiments, by analysis of postfeeding changes in the elimination of Evans blue dye. Plasma aldosterone concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased from 2 to 5 hours after feeding. Urinary Na clearance decreased in response to feeding and remained lower than the prefeeding value until 9 hours after feeding. Urinary K clearance increased from prefeeding and reached a peak value between 5 and 7 hours after feeding. Creatinine clearance was unaffected. In contrast, the aforementioned variables were unchanged during the multiple regimen. Results indicate that ingestion of a large concentrate meal by ponies causes periprandial hypovolemia, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and a subsequent antinatriuresis-kaliuresis that lasts for several hours.     

Effect of gossypol on blood serum parameters and small intestinal morphology of male broilers

Summary In the present study, the effect of varied gossypol (GOSS) amounts was investigated on blood parameters, the digesta pH, villus height, villus width, and crypta depth, width of duodenum, jejunum and ileum. A total of one hundred eight Ross 308 male broilers were fed with four diet groups as follows: no gossypol (control), gossypol rate 62 mg/kg (GOSS 62), gossypol rate 124 mg/kg (GOSS 124) and gossypol rate 186 mg/kg (GOSS 186). The effect of used gossypol amounts on blood parameters was not found to be statistically significant. Increases in digesta pH values of jejunum and ileum with GOSS 186 diet group were found to be statistically significant. The results also indicated that, except duodenum villus height, there was no statistical difference effect of GOSS on epithelial cell thickness, villus height, villus width, crypta depth and crypta width of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. There have been no clearly negative effects of higher gossypol amounts up to 186 mg/kg diets on these parameters.