THE ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM JEJUNAL AND CAECAL LYMPH NODES OF SLAUGHTERED ANIMALS

One jejunal and one caecal lymph node were sampled from each of 50 cows, 40 yearling cattle, 25 sheep, 20 lambs and 45 pigs after slaughter. Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus , all organisms which cause food poisoning in man, were sought by direct plating methods. The samples were also enriched and cultured for Salmonella. Organisms were cultured from 208 (58%) of the 360 lymph nodes; aerobic plate counts yielded up to 25,000 organisms per gram of tissue, although from most infected samples less than 1000 organisms per gram were cultured. Salmonella was isolated directly from 5% of samples, with counts up to 1,500 per gram. After enrichment Salmonella was isolated from nodes taken from 15 cows, 2 yearling cattle, one sheep and 8 pigs. Cl. perfringens was isolated from the caecal nodes of 2 yearling cattle and 2 pigs; S. aureus was not isolated from any sample. It was concluded that mesenteric lymph nodes may be a significant reservoir of Salmonella for transfer to meat and meat products.     

对牦牛和普通牛种间杂种公牛精子生成水平的研究

本文对牦牛和普通牛种间杂种公牛睾丸组织及电刺激所采精液进行了观测。结果表明,种间杂种公牛随代数增加,睾丸逐渐恢复产生精子的机能。种间杂种3代公牛有的可产生形态正常的精子。种间杂种3代是可育或不育(不能产生精子)的临界代。     

MASCULINISATION OF THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA IN EWES WITH CLOVER DISEASE

Prolonged exposure of ewes to oestrogenic pasture resulted in partial fusion of the labia of the vulva and hypertrophy of the clitoris. Partial fusion of the labia was also seen in ewes which had grazed oestrogenic pastures on normal commercial properties, and was related to the amount of histological change in the cervix. This lesion may be useful as a screening test for previous exposure to oestrogenic pasture.     

屠宰母牛卵巢卵母细胞体外受精与发育的研究

将从屠宰母牛卵巢采得的卵母细胞用含有LH或hCG的M199培养24～26小时,然后用经钙离子载体Ionophore A23187诱导获能的牛新鲜或冷冻精子进行授精处理。授精6～7小时后再用含有乳酸钠和EDTA的M199培养至48～60小时后观察受精及受精卵的发育情况。结果表明,卵子的受精率及受精卵的发育率与卵母细胞成熟用培养基、授精用精子(新鲜或冷冻)以及供卵牛的品种均有关系。将用含有hCG的M199培养成熟的卵子,以获能处理过的新鲜精子授精后,其受精率和受精卵子中单精子受精并发育为2～8细胞期胚的比率在蒙古牛为91.4％(265/200)和19.6％(52/265),在黑白花奶牛为69.7％(62/89)和4.8％(3/62)。     

THE INFLUENCE OF AGE ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BULLS TO CAMPYLOBACTER FETUS SUBSP VENEREALIS

Observations were carried out on 22 Hereford bulls to determine the age at which they bacame carriers of C. fetus. During preliminary investigations, 5 bulbs were repeatedly exposed to the organism by artificial or natural means from the age of 18 months. All animals became longterm carriers on reaching an age of between 40 and 70 months. Prior to this, a temporary carrier state lasting from 4 to 29 days was produced in 4 bulls. In a subsequent experiment, 17 bulls of 3 different age groups were artificially exposed to C. fetus on 5 occasions over a 2-year period. Thirteen bulls became long-term carriers, including 9 (53%) when less than 4 years old. A transient carrier state occurred in 4 bulls, 2 of which subsequently became long-term carriers. It usually lasted 1-2 weeks, although in 1 animal the organism persisted for 11 weeks. These results are discussed in relation to the findings of other workers and it is concluded that the use of young bulls to limit the spread of C. fetus in infected herds is of dubious value.     

青海高寒地区苦豆子资源现状及开发前景

苦豆子是一种具有较高价值的经济植物.本文较全面地论述了豆科植物苦豆子的分布、生物学特性、化学成分、药理作用及其在医药、农药、饲料、环保领域的开发现状及应用前景.     

BREED DIFFERENCES IN THE RESPONSE OF YOUNG BEEF BULLS TO ELECTRO-EJACULATION

SUMMARY A total of 702 electro-ejaculation attempts are recorded on young (16 to 31 months) beef bulls of 3 breeds and 3 breed crosses (Brahman cross 100, Africander cross 93, Shorthorn cross 109, Brahman 81, Africander 89, and Hereford 230. Four hundred and forty of these attempts were conducted on bulls of the first 5 of these breeds which had been reared under similar conditions on the same property. The machine employed was a Watson Transtimulator, powered by a 12-volt automobile battery, and connected to a 6.25 cm diameter bipolar ring electrode probe, 37.5 cm in length. The voltages at which the sperm free (sample A) and sperm rich (sample B) samples were initiated were 4.8 ± .2 and 7.7 ± .2 volts respectively. No breed differences occurred. Breed differences occurred in the proportion of bulls showing a severe reaction to the electricity (P < 0.001) with the Africander (32.6% P < 0.001) and Ax (28.0% P < 0.01) having the highest proportions of severe reactions. These 2 breed groups also had the highest proportions of electro-ejaculation failures (respectively, 23.6% P < 0.05 and 19.4% n.s.). Overall, bulls of Bos indicus derivation did not differ from those of Bos taurus derivation in electro-ejaculation failures. During stimulation, erection was achieved by 19.8% of bulls and failure to collect an assessable ejaculate occurred in 15%. No breed differences occurred in either category. Collapse during stimulation occurred in 5.3% of electro-ejaculation attempts (overall P < 0.05) with the SH breed group having highest representation (12.8% P < 0.001).     

EXAMINATION OF BULLS FOR BREEDING SOUNDNESS

A Report prepared by a Committee of The Australian Veterinary Association comprising: Dr. D. B. Galloway, Professor D. C. Blood, Mr. J. D. Arnort and Mr. W. J. Arnott.
The Report is published by direction of Council for the information of members.     

A CONGENITAL MALFORMATION OF THE MAXILLA OF A HORSE

A 1-month-old male American Paint Horse was evaluated for a hard swelling on the right side of the maxillary region. On radiographs there was a large, expansile outpouching of the right maxillary bone between the second and third premolar teeth. Computed tomography further characterized the expansile lesion to have a soft tissue component and to originate in the region of a caudal maxillary tooth. Surgical reconstruction of the defect was unsuccessful and the animal was euthanetized. Based on failure to find histopathologic evidence of a neoplasm or cyst, the diagnosis was a congenital malformation.     

黑白花种公牛睾丸周径与血浆睾酮、雄烯二酮和皮质醇的关系及对精液品质的影响

将北京公牛站的33头黑白花公牛按年龄分为3组,其中A组(1～2岁)、B组(2～4岁)和C组(4岁以上),每组各11头。详细检查并记录一个月内每头公牛每次采精的精液品质(射精量、精子密度、总精子数及活率)。试验结束时,逐一做睾丸周径测量、质地检查,并做颈静脉采血,测定睾酮、雄烯二酮和皮质醇的含量。计算各项指标的平均值,进行显著性测定、相关测定及多重比较分析。结果表明,B组和C组与A组的睾丸周径有极显著差异(P<0.01);B组和C组的射精量和总精子数与A组也有显著差异(P<0.05,P<0.01);B组和C组外周血液中睾酮水平与A组也有极显著差异(P<0.01);其余各项指标的组间差异不显著。睾丸周径与各组公牛的射精量、精子密度和总精子数之间存在正相关(r=0.11～0.54);睾丸周径与睾酮浓度在A组和C组中为正相关(r=0.49,r=0.42);睾丸周径与雄烯二酮和皮质醇浓度无固定相关关系。     

青海微孔草经济价值及开发利用前景

微孔草是一种野生珍稀油料植物。本文通过对青海微孔草生物学特性及分布、生态学特性及经济价值的分析,指出微孔草富含r-亚麻酸,具有较高的营养价值和保健价值,并对微孔草的开发利用前景进行了分析。     

PREPARATION OF TEASER BULLS BY DORSAL SCROTAL PENILE DEFLECTION

SUMMARY A simple, quick and reliable technique of preparing teaser bulls has been developed. Four Bos indicus bulls aged between 1 year 6 months and 2 years were subjected to this method by deflecting their penes backwards about 2 to 3 cm posterior and dorsal to the attachment of the scrotum. No serious postoperative complications were recorded. The sexual behaviour and libido of the bulls did not change after subjecting them to this technique.     

CONGENITAL ATRESIA OF THE PAROTID DUCT IN A HORSE

Congenital anomalies of the equine salivary glands and their ductal systems are rare. In man, parotid duct atresia is thought to be due to a congenital malformation of the first branchial arch. One horse with unilateral parotid salivary duct atresia is described. Imaging modalities available for accurate diagnosis, and treatment options, are reviewed.     

血吸虫性别特异性基因的发育调控研究进展

血吸虫病是一种重要的人畜共患病，在世界范围内广泛分布，严重威胁着人们的健康，血吸虫为吸虫中罕见的雌雄异体，本文就血吸虫性别特异性基因的发育调控研究进行了综述，以期为从抗生殖免疫方面防治血吸虫病提供参考。