低比转数冲压焊接离心泵三维湍流数值模拟

对一低比转数冲压焊接离心泵在带分流叶片以及不带分流叶片情况下的叶轮及蜗壳耦合场进行了数值模拟.计算采用雷诺时均方程和RNGk-ε湍流模型,速度与压力耦合采用SIMPLEC算法.计算了设计工况、小流量工况及大流量工况下离心泵内部流场分布.增加分流叶片后.离心泵叶轮流道内的回流和二次流现象得到了有效控制.对比分析性能预测与试验结果的差异,在设计工况时离心泵性能预测的最大偏差为3%;非设计工况时性能预测的最大偏差为10%.     

中比转速离心泵叶轮的优化设计及数值模拟

基于流体流动的连续方程和运动方程,通过两类相对流面的迭代计算,实现中比转速离心泵叶轮内准三维正问题的数值计算,得到了轴面速度分布.应用逐点积分法进行叶片骨线绘型,在轴面上加厚叶片,在保角变换平面上修圆叶片头部,实现了离心泵叶轮的反问题设计.正反问题进行迭代计算求解直至收敛,得到最终设计的叶轮.采用RNGk-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对离心泵叶轮内三维流场进行数值模拟,得到了叶轮内压力和速度分布.模拟结果表明设计得到的叶轮内部压力分布非常均匀,流动稳定无分离,叶轮出口能量分布合理,所设计的叶轮具有优越的水力性能.     

有无分流叶片低比速离心泵性能对比分析

采用FLUENT对不带分流叶片和添加分流叶片的低比速离心泵的三维流道模型进行数值模拟,计算采用雷诺时均方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,应用SIMPLE算法,对速度、压力云图以及性能曲线进行对比分析.结果表明,分流叶片可以冲刷尾流,有效抑制液体的脱流,更好地控制液体的流动,减少叶轮内的水力损失,提高离心泵性能.     

低比转数冲压多级泵叶轮内三维流动数值模拟

应用标准k-ε湍流模型加壁面函数法对低比转数冲压多级离心泵叶轮内的三维湍流流动进行了时均N-S方程的数值计算。分析了叶轮内部流场的速度分布和压力分布,研究了离心泵叶轮通道内流动的规律。并利用CFD软件CFX的模拟结果得到了设计工况下离心泵叶轮的扬程和效率的预测值,预测结果与相关的试验数据相吻合。     

基于FD技术改善低比速离心泵叶

简要介绍低比速离心泵特点，阐述计算的控制方程和叶轮通道网格划分方法。运用商业CFD软件FLUENT对不同叶片形式叶轮流道进行三维湍流流动计算。 计算采用压强连接的隐式修正SIMPLEC算法和雷诺平均法的RNG κ-ε湍流模型。根据计算结果分析叶片形式对流速分布、压力分布的影响，揭示叶轮内流动规律， 提高低比速离心泵优化设计的水平。     

低比速离心泵叶轮内不同叶片数流场计算及分析

根据低比速离心泵叶轮流道的几何和流场特点,简要阐述了计算的控制方程和叶轮通道网格划分方法,采用压强连接的隐式修正SIMPLEC算法,结合雷诺平均法的RNGκ?ε模型和壁面函数法对叶轮内部的三维湍流流动进行计算。依据计算结果,分析叶片数对低比速离心泵流速分布、压力分布和泵性能的影响,揭示叶轮内湍流的流动规律,提高低比速离心泵的优化设计水平。     

基于偏置分流叶片低比转速离心泵压力脉动特征研究

低比转速离心泵由于其叶轮流道长而窄的特点,在运转的过程中由于扬程高常伴有较强的振动。为了解决离心泵内部非定常流动产生的压力脉动引起的振动,在对-10°、-5°、0、5°、10°偏置叶片的叶轮进行定常分析的基础上,应用信号处理方法对离心泵蜗壳处添加6个测点进行非定常计算,得到未添加分流叶片与偏置分流叶片的时域、频域曲线。通过对比各偏置方案时域、频域曲线,得到降低离心泵压力脉动方法。研究结果表明:脉动压力分布与叶片的通过频率有关,并且沿不同方向分流叶片偏置对各截面压力脉动情况造成的变化不同。逆时针偏置下各截面时域上压力的变化主要集中在波谷上,分流短叶片的添加没有降低压力波动幅值;顺时针偏置下,各截面在时域上的压力波动幅值减小,其中分流短叶片顺时针偏置5o方案下压力波动整体优化最为平稳。     

基于fluent对多级离心泵首级的数值模拟

为了解叶轮叶片数对多级离心泵水利性能的影响,基于κ-ε湍流模型,采用SIMPLEC算法,利用Navier-Stokes时均化方程,对仅改变叶轮叶片数的某多级离心泵首级进行数值模拟。通过fluent数值计算得到泵内的压力,速度流场分布,对其进行分析,得出首级叶轮叶片数为六片时,此多级离心泵的内部流场压力及速度分布最均匀。同时利用fluent的后处理结果对此泵进行性能预测,得出叶轮叶片为六片时,泵的效率达到最高值70.68%。     

扭曲叶片离心泵叶轮内三维湍流数值模拟

为提高离心泵的优化设计水平，介绍了计算的控制方程和叶轮通道网格划分方法，采用压强连接的隐式修正SIHPLEC算法，结合雷诺平均法的RNGκ-ε模型和壁面函数法，应用商业CFD软件FLUENT，对叶轮内部的三维湍流流动进行了计算。分析了具有扭曲叶片的离心泵叶轮叶型对流速分布、压力分布和泵性能的影响，揭示了叶轮内流动规律。     

带分流叶片的离心泵叶轮三维贴体网格生成

采用泊松方程进行带分流叶片的离心泵叶轮内三维贴体网格的自动生成 ,并通过源项控制来满足网格的正交性及调整网格疏密。计算时根据边界处网格线正交的控制角和控制距离的几何约束确定边界条件 ,利用分块粘接技术生成了带分流叶片离心泵叶轮内的三维分块结构化贴体网格 ,从而提高了流场流动分析中前处理环节的效率和精度 ,能使在湍流计算中广泛应用的壁面函数法的条件容易满足 ,并能使普遍采用的压力第二边界条件直接用于计算中 ,还能满足差分要求 ,减小离散误差。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。