Analysis of protease activity in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aspergillus flavus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">A. parasiticus</Emphasis> on peanut seed infection and aflatoxin contamination

Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus are aflatoxin-producing fungi that can infect peanut seeds in field crops. An association between A. parasiticus proteolytic enzyme activities and peanut fungal infection was examined. For this study, a model of inductive and non-inductive culture media to produce A. parasiticus extracellular protease before infection was used. These A. parasiticus cultures were used to infect peanut seeds of cultivars resistant and susceptible to aflatoxin contamination. Peanut seeds of both cultivars exposed to fungi grown on casein medium (inductive medium) showed higher internal and external infection and a higher fungal protease content than those observed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and sucrose medium (non-inductive media). A further study showed higher fungal colonisation and aflatoxin contamination in seeds of the resistant cultivar pre-incubated with Aspergillus extracellular proteases than in those incubated without proteases. Moreover, protease activities affected the viability of non-infected resistant cultivar seeds, inhibiting germination and radicle elongation and enhancing seed tissue injury. The results strongly suggest that protease production by A. parasiticus is involved in peanut seed infection and aflatoxin contamination resulting in seed tissue damage, affecting seed viability and facilitating the access of fungi through the testa. The analysis of fungal extracellular proteases formed on peanut seed during infection showed that A. flavus and A. parasiticus produced metallo and serine proteases; however, there were differences in the molecular masses of the enzymes between both species. The greatest activity in both species was by serine protease, that could be classified as subtilase.     

Nitrogen metabolism disorder in watermelon leaf caused by fusaric acid

The effect of fusaric acid (FA) on the activity of leaf nitrogen (N) metabolism enzymes in watermelon seedlings supplied with different N forms was studied. The results showed that FA inhibited nitrogen uptake and caused decreased leaf amide and protein but increased the content of ammonium and amino acids. When treated with FA the activities of enzymes in the pathway for the synthesis of amino acid in leaves (GS, GOGAT, and GDH) were decreased by 15–23%, 13–40%, and 71–86%, respectively. The activity of asparagine synthetase was decreased by 34–57%. The proteinase activity was initially increased by 37–125% at 12 h after treatment of FA but then subsequently decreased. The activity of glutamate-pyruvate aminotransferase was increased by 280–400%, though the activity of glutamate-oxaloacetate aminotransferase was decreased by 30–63%. It was suggested that FA inhibited the uptake of ammonium in seedlings and suppressed the activities of amino acid and amide synthases, while stimulating proteinase activity.A new pathogenic mechanism of watermelon infection by Fusarium spp. was found as FA caused the complete disorder and collapse of the host plant's nitrogen metabolism. This work provides a new insight into the progression of watermelon wilting caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum.     

Effect of seed treatment of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Arachis hypogaea</Emphasis> with<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> on nodulation in biocontrol of southern blight (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sclerotium rolfsii</Emphasis>) disease

The employment of formulatedBacillus subtilis for peanut seeds (Arachis hypogaea cv. ‘Shulamit’) counteracted the destructive effects of the seedborne pathogenSclerotium (Athelia)rolfsii on the nodulation, leghemoglobin and nitrogenase activity of peanuts. Moreover, the changes in crop vigor index, total nitrogen content and survivability of bothRhizobium spp. andB. subtilis have been related to compatibility and even an occasional synergism between them. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 12, 2006.     

Effects of fusaric acid on cells from tomato cultivars resistant or susceptible toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.Lycopersici

Cell suspension cultures were set up from two tomato cultivars, one resistant, (Rio grande) and one susceptible (63.5) toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici. Growth rates of the two cell cultures were comparable. Toxicity of fusaric acid, expressed as the fresh weight loss, was analyzed: It was significant in both cases after 10 h, but toxicity was twice as high for 63.5 suspension cells. In the same way, electrolyte leakage caused by fusaric acid was three times more important for 63.5 suspension cells. Moreover, fusaric acid treatment resulted in an acidification of the extracellular medium for 63.5 suspension cells (0.4 pH unit), whereas an alkalization was observed for Rio grande suspension cells (0.2 pH unit). Preliminary experiments suggest that fusaric acid was partially metabolized by Rio grande suspension cells, however, no detoxified forms of fusaric acid were detected either in cells or in culture filtrates. For these two tomato cultivars, the differences in sensitivity to fusaric acid of cultivated cells correspond to the differences in plant susceptibility toFusarium oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici.Abbreviations BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - conductivity - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - EtOAc ethyl acetate - FA fusaric acid - resistivity     

Decrease by plant development and leaf age of susceptibility of groundnut to rust (Puccinia arachidis) in a susceptible cultivar

The effects of plant development and leaf age on the infection efficiency (IE), the latency period (LP) and the sporulation intensity (SP) of groundnut rust were studied using detached and attached leaflets of a highly susceptible groundnut cultivar. The results indicate a decrease ofIE with increasing leaf age and an increase ofLP with increasing leaf age and development stage. A significant effect of detachment onIE was found. However, experiments on both detached and non-detached leaflets resulted in the same, general conclusions. The observed reduction ofIE and lengthening ofLP suggest that further studies would profitably distinguish epidemiologically different layers in the host canopy.Samenvatting De invloed van het ontwikkelingsstadium van de plant en van de leeftijd van het blad op de infectie-efficiëntie (IE), de latentieperiode (LP) en de sporulatie-intensiteit (SP) van aardnootroest werd onderzocht bij een zeer vatbare aardnoot-cultivar aan wel en niet afgesneden deelblaadjes. De resultaten laten een afname zien vanIE bij toenemende bladleeftijd alsmede een toename vanLP met de toename van bladleeftijd en ontwikkelingsstadium. Het effect van het afsnijden van de deelblaadjes opIE was significant, maar proeven met wel en met niet afgesneden blaadjes leidden tot dezelfde algemene gevolgtrekkingen. De waargenomen afname vanIE en verlenging vanLP doen vermoeden dat voortgezet onderzoek een nuttig onderscheid zal kunnen maken tussen in epidemiologische zin verschillende bladlagen van het gewas.     

Lipid metabolism in tomato and bean as a sensitive monitor for biocontrol of wilt diseases

The lipids metabolism of tomato and bean plants during biological control of wilt pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici andF. oxysporum f.sp.phaseoli, respectively) byBacillus subtilis was investigated. The interaction of wilt pathogens with both tomato and bean caused an imbalance and drastic reduction in total lipids, triacylglycerol, sterol and all phospholipd fractions except phosphatidic acid. The application of a formulated biocontrol agent,B. subtilis, eliminated the detrimental effect of both wilt pathogens and consequently prevented catabolism of lipid fractions in both tomato and bean. Moreover, the changes in the lipid fractions as a sensitive monitor for biocontrol of wilt diseases suggest a positive correlation between the application ofB. subtilis and improvement in the host metabolism towards anabolism. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 20, 2006.     

嗜酸性PGPR菌株CLB-17的筛选、鉴定及其对烟草青枯病菌的生防活性

为提高生防菌在酸性土壤中对烟草青枯病的生防效果,采用室内酸性平板快速筛选法从烟草根际土壤中筛选嗜酸性拮抗细菌,应用Biolog GENⅢ自动微生物鉴定系统结合16S rDNA序列分析进行种类鉴定,并采用室内琼脂扩散法在pH 5.5和pH 7.0培养条件下比较其对烟草青枯病菌Ralstonia solanacearum的抑制活性,通过盆栽试验测定其对烟草青枯病的防效及对烟草的促生作用,通过测定胞外酶活性和铁载体含量分析其生防特性。结果表明:从烟草根际土壤中筛选获得1株具有高拮抗活性的嗜酸性细菌,命名为CLB-17,并将其鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis。在pH 5.5条件下,菌株CLB-17的拮抗活性最强,其发酵液对烟草青枯病菌的抑菌带宽度为7.11 mm,而在pH 7.0条件下抑菌带宽度为6.37 mm;在pH 5.5条件下,CLB-17菌株的铁载体相对含量(2.12)及蛋白酶活性(40.12 U/mL)、葡聚糖酶活性(142.52 U/mL)和酸性磷酸酯酶活性(6.42 U/mL)均高于pH 7.0条件下各指标(1.51、36.14 U/mL、110.24 U/mL和6.11 U/mL);该菌株在pH 5.5条件下对烟草青枯病的防效为76.99%,高于在pH 7.0条件下的防效66.18%;且烟草株高、整株干重、根干重和叶绿素含量均显著高于pH 7.0处理和空白对照。表明枯草芽胞杆菌CLB-17在酸性条件下的生防活性高,在酸性土壤中对烟草青枯病的生防效果更好,且对烟草生长具有促进作用。     

群体感应调控因子ComA对枯草芽胞杆菌NCD-2抑菌物质产生和生物膜形成的影响

为明确群体感应系统在枯草芽胞杆菌NCD-2菌株抑菌活性和生物膜形成中的作用,通过同源重组技术对群体感应系统中的comA基因进行定位缺失突变,分别比较了NCD-2菌株和comA基因突变子在胞外酶合成、抑菌活性、脂肽抗生素(丰产素)产生以及生物膜形成上的差异,并进一步利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术比较了二者生物膜基质编码基因epsA和tasA的表达情况。结果表明,通过同源重组技术获得了comA基因突变子MA-4,同菌株NCD-2相比,其在胞外蛋白酶和纤维素酶的合成能力、对番茄灰霉菌Botrytis cinerea的抑菌活性、丰产素的合成量和生物膜的形成能力上均明显下降;生物膜基质编码基因tasA的表达量下降了70%,而epsA的表达量变化不明显。表明ComA是NCD-2菌株脂肽抗生素和生物膜形成中的重要调控因子。     

狭卵链格孢菌毒素细交链孢菌酮酸对稗草细胞膜脂质过氧化作用的影响

为明确狭卵链格孢菌Alternaria augustiovoide菌株AAEC05-3产生的毒素细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid,TeA)的作用机制,利用离体试验,研究了TeA对稗草叶片细胞膜脂质过氧化的影响。结果显示,低浓度TeA处理对稗草叶片的细胞膜透性和脂质过氧化影响不大;用高浓度TeA处理稗草叶片24 h后,稗草叶片细胞膜透性和脂质过氧化作用显著增强。TeA浓度为100 μmol/L时,稗草叶片相对电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量分别增加28.21%和63.58%;脂氧合酶(Lox)活性增高61.59%,且不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低,亚油酸(18∶2)和亚麻酸(18∶3)分别降低19.56%和17.20%,脂肪酸氢过氧化物在叶片中大量积累。表明TeA可以诱导稗草叶片细胞膜的脂质过氧化作用。     

水杨酸处理对干旱胁迫下丹参幼苗抗氧化能力的影响

以丹参幼苗为试验材料,研究了叶面喷施0.75 mmol/L的水杨酸(SA)对干旱胁迫下丹参幼苗相对含水量、电解质渗漏率、H2O2和丙二醛含量、4种抗氧化酶活性等生理指标的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的进行,丹参幼苗叶片相对含水量降低,H2O2含量增加,电解质渗漏率和丙二醛含量升高,水杨酸处理则延缓了这些参数变化;尽管SA处理后,CAT、APX活性暂时降低,但在随后的胁迫过程中,丹参幼苗叶片SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性显著高于对照。由此可知:水杨酸处理提高了丹参幼苗抗氧化酶活性,增强了植株对干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。     

枯草芽孢杆菌NJ-18和氟酰胺联合拌种防治小麦纹枯病研究

研究了枯草芽孢杆菌NJ-18菌株的芽孢制剂(109 cfu/g)与20%氟酰胺可湿性粉剂(WP)联合拌种对小麦纹枯病的防治作用。结果表明:氟酰胺抑制小麦纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia cerealis菌丝生长的平均EC50值为(0.34±0.06) μg/mL;NJ-18发酵液(108 cfu/mL)及其滤液稀释1 000倍时对小麦纹枯病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为96.38%和93.97%;氟酰胺对NJ-18的菌体生长和芽孢存活无抑制作用,具有很好的相容性;在温室条件下,NJ-18芽孢制剂(109 cfu/g)300 g分别与20%氟酰胺WP 50 g和100 g混合拌种处理100 kg小麦种子,在小麦拔节期对纹枯病的防效分别为47.96%和64.58%,显著高于二者同剂量单用处理的防效;在大田条件下,二者混合拌种处理也能显著提高对小麦纹枯病的田间防效,NJ-18芽孢制剂(109 cfu/g) 300 g与20%氟酰胺WP 200 g混合拌种处理100 kg小麦种子,对拔节期小麦纹枯病的防效高达74.83%,且能显著提高小麦千粒重,同时对小麦生长安全。     

Impact of malathion stress on lipid metabolism in Limnonectus limnocharis

Despite mounting concerns about amphibian population declines, information on impact of pesticides on physiological changes is meager. The present study deals the influence of an organophosphate pesticide—malathion on the lipid metabolism of Limnonectus limnocharis under laboratory conditions. Changes in the lipid metabolism were analyzed in the liver, muscle, ovary, and testis of frogs exposed to lethal (10.67 mg L⁻¹ for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days) and sub-lethal (2.13 mg L⁻¹ for 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days) concentrations of malathion. Upon lethal concentration treatment, against the increase of fatty acids, glycerol, and lipase activities in all tested tissues, there was decrease in the total lipids content over different durations. On the other hand, exposure to sub-lethal concentration, the amount of total lipids content, free fatty acids, glycerol and lipase activity increased. Changes in the lipid metabolism due to lethal concentration of malathion exposure could depict the negative impact on the reproductive success, which would result in decline of amphibian population.     

外源水杨酸对野生龙葵幼苗干旱胁迫的缓解效应

利用20%的PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫,同时用不同浓度（0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mmol·L^-1）的水杨酸(SA)喷施幼苗,研究了不同浓度水杨酸处理对干旱胁迫下野生龙葵幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：干旱胁迫下,龙葵幼苗植株变矮、鲜重降低、根长缩短,叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量减少,抗氧化酶活性、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量增加;经SA处理干旱胁迫下龙葵幼苗株高、根长和鲜重都有明显增加,特别是1.5 mmol·L^-1 SA处理组分别增加20.8%、28.0%和29.7%,1.5 mmol·L^-1 SA处理组龙葵幼苗叶绿素含量提高31.9%、脯氨酸含量提高65.4%,可溶性蛋白含量提高42.8%,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）与过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性达到最高,与对照相比分别增加了30.2%、87.8%和50.3%;SA处理使丙二醛（MDA）含量降低了37.8%。综合来看,适当浓度的SA可以缓解干旱对龙葵幼苗造成的伤害,并以1.5 mmol·L^-1外源SA缓解效果最好。     

解钾菌与盐胁迫对枸杞幼苗根系特征和生理代谢的影响

以‘宁杞1号’为试验试材,采用双因素裂区设计,以盐胁迫为主因素(100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl),以解钾菌(B1,B2,B3)为副因素,对枸杞幼苗根系总长度、投影面积、表面积、体积、平均直径、根尖数、根系活力、活性氧含量、可溶性糖含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和转化酶(INV)活性进行测定,综合评价不同处理中枸杞根系的生长状况。结果表明,解钾菌与盐胁迫对枸杞幼苗根系超氧阴离子(■)含量和SOD、CAT、POD活性均无显著性影响,而对其他指标具有明显的影响。不同处理组合中,B1处理枸杞幼苗根系总长度最长,分别比CK(不添加NaCl和菌剂)、B2、B3、NaCl-CK、NaCl-B1、NaCl-B2、NaCl-B3处理长101%、89%、65%、112%、105%、122%、181%。B2处理中枸杞根系的投影面积、表面积和体积最大及转化酶活性最高;NaCl-B1处理中枸杞幼苗根尖数最大,根系活力最强,GSH-Px和SS活性最高;NaCl-B2处理中枸杞幼苗根系可溶性糖含量和SPS活性最高;NaCl-B3处理中枸杞幼苗根系H_2O_2含量最低,分别比ck、NaCl-CK、B1、NaCl-B1、B2、NaCl-B2、B3处理低24.3%、34.3%、3.9%、41.1%、17.3%、36.3%、14.3%。通过对枸杞幼苗根系17项指标进行综合评价,排在前三名的依次为NaCl-B1、B2、NaCl-B2处理。因此,解钾菌对枸杞幼苗根系的生长发育具有促进作用,无论是否存在盐胁迫,接种B1或B2单一菌种效果均优于其混合菌种B3。盐胁迫下,接种B1解钾菌更有利于枸杞根系的生长发育;非盐胁迫下,接种B2解钾菌更有利于枸杞根系的生长发育。     

苦皮藤素V在粘虫和小地老虎幼虫体内的穿透与代谢

采用高效液相色谱技术研究了苦皮藤素Ⅴ在粘虫Mythimna separata和小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon幼虫中的穿透及代谢。结果表明:苦皮藤素V均不能从粘虫和小地老虎幼虫的体壁穿透到血腔或从血腔穿透到中肠,但很容易从中肠穿透到血腔,且穿透速率无差异;苦皮藤素V在小地老虎幼虫体内的代谢解毒速率远大于其在粘虫幼虫体内的代谢速率,其半衰期分别为5.5和13.1 h。本研究结果表明,苦皮藤素V对粘虫和小地老虎幼虫的选择毒杀作用与药物的穿透能力无关,其在试虫体内的解毒代谢差异才是其对昆虫具有选择作用的机理之一。     

Biocontrol agents in combination with Moringa oleifera extract for integrated control of Sclerotium-caused cowpea damping-off and stem rot

Damping-off and stem rot disease-causing Sclerotium rolfsii has been reported as a destructive soil-borne pathogen of numerous crops, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Trials were conducted to test the efficacy of biocontrol agents alone or combined with Moringa oleifera leaf extracts for the control of the disease. In the laboratory, PDA was amended with Moringa leaf extract, and mycelial growth of S. rolfsii was measured. In the greenhouse and field, Trichoderma Kd 63, Trichoderma IITA 508 and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated as seed treatments, soil drench or sprinkle, separately or combined with Moringa leaf extracts. Percentage disease incidence, severity and control were recorded. In the laboratory, the higher the extract concentration the less the mycelial growth and no mycelial growth occurred on extract at 15 or 20 g leaves 10 ml⁻¹ water. In the greenhouse, the highest disease control was observed at a Moringa extract concentration of 15 kg leaves 10 l⁻¹ water (w/v). Seed treatments using Trichoderma Kd 63, and soil sprinkle using Trichoderma IITA 508 had a significantly (P = 0.05) higher effect on a disease incidence than Bacillus. Disease severity followed the same pattern. Moringa seed treatment combined with Trichoderma soil sprinkle resulted in significantly more than 94% and 70% disease control in the greenhouse and field, respectively, with significant yield increase in the field. This is the first report of Moringa leaf extract combined with Trichoderma as an integrated control for Sclerotium damping-off and stem rot of cowpea in the field.     

Action of benzimidazole fungicides on resorcinolic lipid metabolism in rye seedlings depends on thermal and light growth conditions

The content and homologue composition of alkylresorcinols were investigated in rye seedlings (Secale cereale L.) treated with benzimidazole fungicides and grown for 5 days under various thermal and light conditions. The fresh and dry biomasses of green and etiolated plants were greatly increased by benomyl and carbendazim at 29 °C. At 22 and 15 °C benomyl had an inhibitory action on growth of rye, whereas the effects caused in the presence of carbendazim were slightly dependent on external stimuli. On the other hand, benomyl enhanced resorcinol biosynthesis in green seedlings grown at all temperatures, while carbendazim only at 29 °C. In plants kept in the darkness, both fungicides increased content of alkylresorcinols at 29 °C and decreased its at 22 and 15 °C. The qualitative pattern of resorcinolic homologues was also significantly modified in the presence of benomyl and carbendazim and depended on other physical stimuli.     

Role of organic acids in the mechanisms of biological soil disinfestation (BSD)

Biological soil disinfestation (BSD), or reductive soil disinfestation, achieved by amendment with organic materials such as wheat bran followed by flooding and covering the soil surface, has been used to control some soilborne diseases including Fusarium wilt and bacterial wilt of tomato. During a BSD treatment, accumulation of acetic acid and/or butyric acid was detected with high-performance liquid chromatography. Survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici or Ralstonia solanacearum was suppressed by these organic acids. Amendment of these organic acids into soil suppressed the survival of R. solanacearum at lower concentrations than the maximum detected in BSD treatment, indicating that production of these organic acids is one of the mechanisms of control. However, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in soil survived with the maximum concentrations of these organic acids achieved by BSD; thus, involvement of factors other than organic acids may be involved.     

解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌株HRH317对感染串珠镰孢菌玉米幼苗伏马毒素B1含量及相关防御酶活性的影响

为探讨解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillus amyloliquefaciens菌株HRH317对感染串珠镰孢菌Fusarium moniliforme玉米幼苗产生伏马毒素B_1(FB_1)的影响,采用牛津杯法测定菌株HRH317对串珠镰孢菌的抑制活性,并通过浸种处理进行盆栽试验,应用高效液相色谱技术对生长至3叶期后不同时间玉米幼苗叶片中FB_1含量进行测定,同时于室内测定玉米幼苗叶片防御酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性。结果表明:解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌株HRH317能明显抑制串珠镰孢菌生长,抑菌圈直径平均可达33.31 mm;玉米幼苗生长至3叶期后1～6 d,菌株HRH317能有效抑制玉米植株体内FB_1含量,经串珠镰孢菌分生孢子悬浮液与菌株HRH317菌悬液1∶1混合液处理玉米种子后,对幼苗中FB_1的抑制率为59.20%～75.70%;而玉米种子先接种菌株HRH317菌悬液后接种串珠镰孢菌分生孢子悬浮液处理对幼苗中FB_1的抑制率为76.77%～88.10%。且这2种处理中幼苗叶片的SOD、CAT、PAL和POD活性均较对照有不同程度提高,其峰值是对照的1.24～5.45倍。表明解淀粉芽胞杆菌菌株HRH317可通过抑制FB_1产生来降低串珠镰孢菌对玉米幼苗的侵害,同时能诱导玉米植株体内防御酶活性的表达而增强其系统抗性,在防治玉米穗腐病方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

基于转录组测序解析草地贪夜蛾对溴氰虫酰胺的解毒代谢分子机制

为阐明草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对溴氰虫酰胺的解毒代谢分子机制,通过LC₅₀的溴氰虫酰胺诱导草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫后,利用酶活测定和转录组测序鉴定解毒代谢相关基因,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对细胞色素P450单加氧酶(cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,P450)基因进行验证分析。结果表明,经LC₅₀的溴氰虫酰胺处理后,草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫体内3种解毒代谢酶活性较对照均有所升高,但仅P450活性较对照显著升高,而谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和羧酸酯酶与对照无显著差异。经LC₅₀的溴氰虫酰胺处理后草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫转录组中共筛选到1 408个差异表达基因,其中上调表达的基因有935个,下调表达的基因有473个。药物代谢-细胞色素P450通路、药物代谢-其他酶通路及细胞色素P450对异生物质的代谢通路中有超过20个基因存在差异表达。在草地贪夜蛾转录组中筛选鉴定到121个P450基因,其中,属于CYP2、CYP3、CYP4以及Mito家簇的基因分别有9、45、58和9个,而经LC_5...