Decay and canker caused by Inonotus rickii spreading on more urban tree species

Inonotus rickii was detected for the first time causing cankers and decay in Acer negundo and Celtis australis in Italy. In a boxelder boulevard, declining trees showed sparse foliage, exudations and cracks in the bark; in some cases, chlamydospore masses were present. Five isolates were collected and compared by growth tests in vitro and electrophoretic analyses; three isolates from the same boulevard showed very similar physiological characters. The increasing importance of the pathogen in urban areas is underlined and discussed.     

台湾相思截干促萌短轮伐期的育林技术研究

1984年于厦门市翔安区内厝镇前垵村,采用不同造林密度、施用不同种类有机肥、不同直径截干促萌等处理进行试验。结果表明,对台湾相思截干促萌短轮伐期的育林,以造林密度1.5 m×1.5 m,施用垃圾土及林木地径为12~16 cm截干为最佳组合。     

A canker disease of autumn olive caused by Tubercularia vulgaris

A stem-girdling basal canker of autumn olive, Elaeagnus umbellata, was found in Illinois and Indiana. Tubercularia vulgaris was determined to be the causal organism by using field pathogenicity tests. The perithecial state of the fungus was not found. Symptoms of the disease are described.     

Scale insects,decay and canker fungi in American beech

Tripartite interactions among phytophagous insects, pathogens and their host plants provide insight into the role of host physiology in determining susceptibility to attack. American beech (Fagus grandifolia) often is simultaneously attacked by beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga), one or more Neonectria pathogens and Xylococculus betulae that can result in beech bark disease (BBD). Additionally, beech is frequently infected by heartrot‐decay fungi. Cursory observations in 2011 suggested that beech scale and Neonectria lesion densities were lower and greater, respectively, on trees with decay. In 2012, digital image analysis was used to quantify densities of these organisms on 123 beech from the Adirondack region of New York. Three groups of study trees (n = 41) were used: Inonotus glomeratus‐infected, Phellinus igniarius‐infected and non‐decay trees. Trees infected by decay pathogens supported lower densities of beech scale and higher densities of Neonectria. Densities of X. betulae did not significantly vary among decay groups. These results may be explained by decay‐induced changes in host physiology. Additional work is needed to elucidate the potential role of host bark chemistry in the BBD complex.     

北美白云杉引种育苗试验初报

本文对引进的10个种源北美白云杉、3个种源的内陆红皮云杉3个年龄段苗木生长状况进行了分析，结果表明：各种源的苗木高生长差异显著，自云杉种源间、红皮云杉种源间及各种源之间3a生苗木地径生长差异达极显著水平；白云杉3a生苗高和地径生长表现最佳的种源是3^#、9^#和7^#，红皮云杉种源为CK2的地径及苗高生长量最大，其次是CK3和CK1，而且白云杉3^#种源苗高生长略超过红皮云杉CK3。     

First report of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum on fig trees in China

This article presents the first report of bacterial wilt on fig (Ficus carica) trees in China. In 2014, fig trees with typical bacterial wilt symptoms were observed for the first time in China. The causal pathogen was determined to be Ralstonia solanacearum. Identification was based on symptomatology, morphology, BioLog carbohydrate utilization, 16S rDNA sequence analyses and phylotype‐specific multiplex‐PCR assays.     

Screening for host responses in Acacia to a canker and wilt pathogen,Ceratocystis manginecans

In Vietnam, the productivity of Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium x A. auriculiformis) plantations is being threatened by an aggressive canker pathogen, Ceratocystis manginecans, and selection for tolerance is the main control strategy. A pot trial was established in Binh Duong province to screen for the host response of nine Acacia genotypes (six Acacia hybrid clones, two A. auriculiformis clones and mixed provenance seedlings of A. mangium) to artificial inoculation with three isolates of C. manginecans. Lesion lengths as measured on the inner bark suggested that the two A. auriculiformis clones were relatively more tolerant to C. manginecans than the A. mangium genotype. In contrast, the lesion lengths of all six Acacia hybrid clones fell between the A. auriculiformis and A. mangium genotypes. The results of this study indicate that among the Acacia hybrid clones, BV10 showed the most tolerance to C. manginecans. Chemical analysis of crude sapwood extracts sampled from the lesion provided some evidence that induced phenolic compounds, particularly tetrahydroxyflavanone and condensed tannins may have a defensive role in the Acacia—C. manginecans pathosystem. However, results were not consistent across individual Acacia hybrid clones and A. mangium genotypes.     

A severe canker disease of Corymbia ficifolia caused by Quambalaria coyrecup in native and urban forests of Western Australia

A serious canker disease is affecting the health of Corymbia ficifolia in urban areas of Perth, Western Australia. Quambalaria coyrecup was frequently associated with diseased trees and its presence confirmed by morphological characters and DNA sequencing. A number of Quambalaria species have previously been identified as causal agents of canker and shoot blight diseases on a range of Eucalyptus and Corymbia species. It was therefore the aim, using glasshouse studies, to determine whether Q. coyrecup was the primary causal agent of the cankers on C. ficifolia and whether other Quambalaria species could also be associated with the disease. All seedlings inoculated with Q. coyrecup produced canker symptoms within 1 month after inoculation. Canker lesions typical of those observed in the field also occurred in the four subsequent months, after which time the trial was terminated. Inoculation with Q. cyanescens and Q. pitereka (isolated from C. ficifolia shoots) did not result in lesion development. This study establishes that Q. coyrecup is a serious pathogen of C. ficifolia and that wounding is required for canker development to occur. The management of Quambalaria canker must therefore include the minimization of artificial wounding of trees in the nursery and field.     

First report of Sphaeropsis canker on cypress in South Africa

In this study a Sphaeropsis sp. is recorded as causing cankers on cypress in South Africa. These cankers are either found alone or on trees which are infected with the well-known cypress canker pathogen, Seiridium unicorne. When the two fungi occurred together, lesions could not be distinguished from each other, although the greater number of lesions were caused by the Sphaeropsis sp. The fungus appears to be identical to that described as Sphaeropsis sapinea f.sp. cupressi, in Israel, which is a fungus very different from the pine pathogen, Sphaeropsis sapinea. Pathogenicity tests showed that the Sphaeropsis sp. is significantly more pathogenic to Cupressus lusitanica than to Pinus roxburgii and Pinus elliottii. S. sapinea was pathogenic only to the Pinus spp. tested, and not to C. lusitanica. In contrast, the cypress pathogen Seiridium unicorne, was pathogenic to C. lusitanica and also to the two Pinus spp. tested.     

双辽市生态草建设初报

本文对双辽市在生态草建设中取得的成就进行了总结,并就目前存在的问题提出了相应对策。     

First report of branch blight disease caused by Aplosporella longipes on Physocarpus amurensis in China

From June through October 2020, symptoms of a branch blight disease were observed on Physocarpus amurensis plants in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China. Leaves on infected branches were chlorotic, with many raised, grey spots forming on the epidermis of diseased branches. Diseased twigs formed semi-buried, small, spherical pycnidia, which were initially light brown and later turned dark. The pathogen was isolated and its pathogenicity was verified with Koch's postulates. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data the pathogen was identified as Aplosporella longipes. This is the first report of A. longipes in China and the first report of it causing branch blight disease of P. amurensis.     

First report of Botrytis leaf blight caused by Botrytis cinerea on Aucuba japonica in China

In May 2019, Aucuba japonica var. variegata, known as an evergreen shrub, was found to have multiple leaf spots in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China. A fungus was isolated from the margins of the lesions and one isolate JS-RL3 was selected for identification and pathogenicity tests. The morphological characteristics of the fungus were similar to Botrytis cinerea. Phylogenetic analysis using concatenated sequences of ITS and G3PDH also showed that isolate JS-RL3 clustered with strains of B. cinerea, a relationship supported by a 100% bootstrap value. This report is the first of B. cinerea causing leaf spots on A. japonica var. variegata.     

花椒波瘿蚊研究初报

简述了花椒波瘿蚊的形态特征、危害情况、生活史、主要生活习性、主要天敌及防治措施     

Bacterial canker of Maackia amurensis var. buergeri caused by a putative Pseudomonas syringae

A new disease of Maackia amurensis var. buergeri was recently found on the northern island of Hokkaido, Japan. Affected trees were heavily damaged and had cankers on both trunks and branches. After natural infection, a series of swellings on the bark surface developed longitudinally. These swellings burst and coalesced to become long cankers. It is proposed that the disease be designated ‘bacterial canker of Maackia’. The causal pathogen was isolated and characterized tentatively as Pseudomonas syringae on the basis of laboratory tests. Pathogenicity of the bacterium was confirmed by inoculation into the host.     

板栗空莲原因调查初报

该文通过对"京东板栗"主产区的河北省抚宁县板栗栽培地的土壤养分检测表明,土壤中硼含量低并不是空蓬率高的主要原因,当有效硼仅为0.30mg/kg时,而有机质含量高达9.13g/kg,水解氮高达89.05mg/kg时,空蓬率仅为8%,而有效硼含量相对高时,为0.32mg/kg,有机质仅有7.21g/kg,水解氮仅为41.80mg/kg时,空蓬率高达90%,说明土壤有机质和水解氮含量高低是决定空蓬率高低的关键.建议补充土壤有机质,增施氮肥解决板栗空蓬问题.     

Symptom development of the resinous stem canker caused by inoculation withCistella japonica ontoChamaecyparis obtusa

Cistella japonica was inoculated onto the stems of youngChamaecyparis obtusa trees, and the development of external and internal symptoms was investigated for five years. Most lesions started exuding resin from May to July during the first growing season after inoculation, while a few lesions started exuding resin during the second growing season. Resin exudation lasted for two successive years on most lesions, and during successive three, four, or five years on some lesions. Resin exuded excessively in the secondary phloem of the lesions and resin cysts frequently developed there. The lesions where cambial tissue was necrosed occupied 18% of all the lesions and the resinous areas expanded to a larger size than those where resin simply exuded in the phloem.Ci. japonica was reisolated from some inoculated lesion tissues at a high frequency. The isolation frequency of the fungus from some lesion tissues two and more years later was zero or low and that ofCryptosporiopsis abietina was high. This work was supported by a grant from the Forest Agency of the Japanese Government.     

中国海南台湾相思树干基腐朽病

海南省台湾相思树(Acacia confusa Merr．)干基腐朽病为中国一种新的林业病害，其病原菌为热带灵芝(Ganoderma tropicum(Jungh．)Bres．)和粗柄假芝(Amauroderma elmerianum Murrill．)本研究根据野外调查对此新病害的症状进行了报道，并根据实地采样对这两种新的病原菌进行了详细描述。     

八角组织培养试验初报

以八角顶芽为材料,试验了几种基本培养基对茎段组织培养的影响,并研究了八角茎段组织培养技术.结果表明:0.1%HgCl2消毒12 min效果较好;春季外植体比秋季外植体更适离体培养;MS比1/2 MS、White、MS改培养基适于茎段的萌芽培养,萌动率达27.6%.最适的初代培养基为:MS+IBA1.0 mg·L-1+6-BA3.5 mg·L-1,萌芽率达76.7%.     

长白瑞香栽植试验初报

本文对不同地类栽植的长白瑞香进行成活率及生长量的调查，结果表明：长白瑞香的栽植成活率很高，半阴半阳的林地适宜其生长。