杨细蛾发生期与发生量预测及防治技术的研究

该文研究了杨细蛾在新疆阿勒泰地区河谷林的发生与环境的关系，并采用物侯法，有效积温法，历期推算法对该虫成虫，卵，幼虫的发生期进行预测，以成虫或卵为基数预测３龄幼虫发生量，提出了加强营林措施，保护天敌及使用４０％氧化乐果，８０％敌敌畏或用５０％杀螟硫磷，５０％倍硫磷乳油的稀释液防治幼虫，用敌马烟剂或使用７４１插管烟剂防治成虫等防治方法。     

板栗大圆筒象研究初报

板栗大圆筒象ＭａｃｏｃｏｒｙｎｕｓＰｓｉｔｔａｃｉｎｕｓ（Ｒｅｄｔ．）以成虫危害板栗叶片、严重时栗叶损失达８０％以上，减产２０％－４０％。该虫在皖南一年发生１代，以幼虫在栗林表土层中越冬。采用５０％甲胺磷乳剂、４０％氧化乐果乳剂２０００倍液喷雾，防治效果分别为９１．０１％和９６．２０％。用３％呋喃丹颗粒剂防治幼虫效果为６３．８６％。     

黄二星舟蛾的研究

黄二星舟蛾Ｌａｍｐｒｏｎａｄａｔａｃｒｉｓｔａｔａ（Ｂｕｔｌｅｒ）是栎类树木的重要食叶害虫，在南京地区一年发生２代，以蛹在林地表土层内越冬。幼虫共６龄，其头宽和体长的增长符合Ｄｙａｒ′ｓ规律，雌蛹重与携卵量、产卵量呈线性相关，成虫趋光性强，灯下成虫时辰变化规律：雄蛾为“单峰型”，雌蛾为“双峰型”。成虫期灯诱、幼虫期航空化学防治和烟剂防治均有良好的效果。     

黄二星舟蛾的研究

黄二星舟蛾Ｌａｍｐｒｏｎａｄａｔａｃｒｉｓｔａｔａ（Ｂｕｔｌｅｒ）是栎类树木的重要食叶害虫，在南京地区一年发生２代，以蛹在林地表土层内越冬。幼虫共６龄，其头宽和体长的增长符合Ｄｙａｒ′ｓ规律。雌蛹量与携卵量，产卵量呈线性相关、成虫趋光性强，灯下成虫时辰变化规律：雄蛾为“单峰型”，雌蛾为“双峰型”，成虫期灯诱、幼虫期航空化学防治和烟剂防治均有良好的效果。     

板栗大圆筒象研究初报

板栗大圆筒象ＭａｃｏｃｏｒｙｎｕｓＰｓｉｔｔａｃｉｎｕｓ（Ｒｅｄｔ）以成虫危害板栗叶片、严重时栗叶损失达８０％以上，减产２０％－４０％，该虫在皖南一年发生１代，以幼虫在栗林表土层中越冬。采用５０％甲胺磷乳剂，４０％氧化乐果乳剂２０００倍液喷雾，防治效果分别为９１．０１％和９６．２０％，用３％呋喃丹颗粒剂防治幼虫效果为６３．８６％。     

大栗鳃金龟生物学特性与防治研究

大栗鳃金龟自１９８５年首次在临夏太子山林区发生后，以５年为一周期于１９９０年、１９９５年定期发生。该虫以幼虫和成虫在土壤内越冬，也以幼虫和成虫对林木幼苗造成巨大为害。幼虫期采用５０％辛硫磷乳剂６００倍液、８０％敌敌畏乳剂６００倍液，防治效果达９０％以上。成虫期采用黑光灯诱杀、人工捕捉，２５％氧乐菊酿乳剂８００倍液或“６６６”烟剂防治，均能收到很好的效果。     

云杉线小卷蛾生物学特性及防治初报

云杉线小卷蛾系中国新纪录种。在甘肃渭源县１年发生１代，以卵在２～３年生枝条针叶上越冬；翌年５月上旬开始活动，孵化盛期为６月上、中旬，羽化盛期为７月下旬至８月上旬，其为害与环境条件密切相关。用２５％增效氧化乐果乳剂１０００倍液喷雾，防治幼虫效果达８５％；用１０％敌对或敌马烟剂防治成虫的效果达９８％。     

夏季林木病虫害的防治

夏季是树木生长的旺季，然而，以树木为食的各种害虫、病原物等也活动频繁起来，使树木遭受不同程度的危害，为减轻病虫对树木的危害，现介绍以下防治方法：桃小食心虫7月下旬，向树冠喷洒50%的螟松乳油1 000倍液或2.5%的溴氰菊酯乳油2 000～2 500倍液杀灭初孵幼虫。落叶松鞘蛾在6月下旬，当成虫羽化率为40%～70%时，使用2次五氯酚钠烟剂杀灭成虫；或于7月份，用灭幼脲Ⅲ号100倍液喷杀虫卵。松毛虫分别用25%的乌拉硫磷、乐果、锌硫磷，兑成2 500～3 000倍液，在7月份对6龄幼虫喷洒防治。榆蓝叶甲在7月上旬，将群集于树干上的化蛹幼虫集中烧…     

松原木松墨天牛和松小蠹熏杀试验

采用熏蒸箱或帐幕法，投药量每立方松原木使用５０ｇ敌敌畏，添加４５０ｇ助燃剂，防治木材害虫松墨天牛幼虫和松小蠹幼虫，熏蒸５ｄ后的死亡率，帐幕法分别为３３.４２％和 ６５.９６％，熏蒸箱法分别为１５.２１％和９６.２０％，防治效果效差。敌敌畏烟剂防治木材内的蛀虫尚需进一步试验。     

云杉根小蠹的研究

云杉根小蠹ＨｙｌａｓｔｅｓｃｕｎｉｃｕｌａｒｉｕｓＥｒｉｃｈｓｏｎ在新疆天山西部林区多数为二年发生１代，少数三年１代，以成虫和幼虫越冬。越冬成虫６月初产卵，６月中旬出现幼虫，第二（三）年６月中旬老熟幼虫开始化蛹，７月上旬羽化出新成虫。成虫有两次补充营养的习性，取食苗木土下根颈韧皮组织，该文还分析了该虫发生与环境的关系。     

光肩星天牛诱控研究

利用椴树吸引光肩星天牛成虫产卵又抑制其卵及幼虫发育的特殊功能,对失去生物控制天牛危害能力的林木和林分,实施控虫生物因子补偿及诱控功能的放大,调控天牛种群数量。椴树和杨树分别套笼接虫,诱控树种上的平均产卵刻槽数为15．8个／株,孵化率为0;合作杨上的平均产卵刻槽数为16．1个／株,孵化率为10．56％。光肩星天牛对沙枣和几种感虫树种的嗜好程度有明显差异。在产卵刻槽数量上,加杨〉沙枣〉白桦、毛白杨、北京杨、糖槭;在取食面积上,锗槭〉沙枣〉加杨、白桦、毛白杨、北京杨。通过野外次生林椴树控虫调查结果显示,椴树的引诱距离为10m以内,引诱强度最好的距离为6～8m。以径粗6—10cm的杨树点滴注入或喷布诱控树种提取剂,50d后检查死虫数,其杀虫率在70％。     

Susceptibility of selected stored product insects to a combination treatment of pyriproxyfen and novaluron

There are many published studies of either insect growth regulators (IGR) or chitinase inhibitors applied directly to larvae of stored product insects or incorporated into their diets, but few studies evaluating efficacy of IGRs or chitinase inhibitors applied alone or in combination with a surface for residual control. Tests were conducted to evaluate susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, Trogoderma variabile (Ballion), the warehouse beetle, and Dermestes maculatus (DeGeer), the hide beetle, to Tekko^® Pro which contained the IGR pyriproxyfen and the chitinase inhibitor novaluron as active ingredients. Efficacy was assessed by adult emergence of exposed immatures, an index based on development of those exposed immatures, and progeny production of exposed adults. Concrete arenas were treated with the label rate of the insecticide applied to a surface, and bioassays were conducted at 0–16 weeks post-treatment. No exposed T. castaneum eggs or larvae reached the adult stage and index values for exposed eggs and larvae remained near the minimum. Adult emergence of T. variable from eggs or larvae did not exceed 25% for the first 8 weeks of the test, but at the end of the test at 16 weeks adult emergence was 44 and 71%, respectively, for eggs and larvae. No eggs or larvae of D. maculatus emerged as adults, but excessive cannibalization in untreated controls occurred throughout the test. Results show that Tekko^® Pro will give residual control of T. castaneum and T. variabile, and could replace older conventional neurotoxic insecticides for management of stored product insects.     

Neues Verfahren zur Entwesung

The newly developed PEX procedure offers the possibility of a disinfestation of plant material by a pro-environmental and gentle method. The carbon dioxid used in the procedure has several advantages: it is physiologically unobjectionable, does not cost much and its availability is unlimited. The disinfestation takes place in a simple apparatus at pressures of 40 to 50 bar and treatment times of 10 to 20 minutes with following fast expansion. Neither insects nor their larvae or eggs resist this fatal treatment.     

马尾松花粉仓贮害虫印度谷螟的生物学特性

研究了马尾松花粉重要仓贮害虫印度谷螟的生物学特性。结果表明,印度谷螟在浙江省富阳市1年发生5代,以成熟幼虫散居包装箱、家具、室内墙角等缝隙和纸张等堆积物间越冬。成虫、幼虫行动极其敏捷,能迅速从存贮被害物的器物空隙中溜飞、爬离,扩散蔓延能力较强。越冬代成虫羽化呈现次高峰期、主高峰期两个高峰期,分别为5月12—13日和22—23日。第1、2、3和4代成虫的羽化高峰期分别为7月3—4日、7月28—29日、8月27—29日和10月5—6日。雌、雄成虫平均交配时间为75.8 min·次-1。交配当天,雌成虫即可产卵,每头雌成虫平均产卵量为128粒。成虫平均寿命8.0天,雌雄性比为1.0︰1.2。卵平均历期为4.9天。成熟幼虫平均爬行速度为25.2 cm·min-1,直线型爬行占总虫数的62.5%。每头幼虫平均取食花粉片的质量为0.055 g。幼虫食物缺乏或成熟时,迁移寻觅新食源或隐蔽场所化蛹。蛹平均历期为9.9天。     

枣镰翅小卷蛾自然种群生命表的研究

１９８９－１９９３年在山西太谷枣区对枣镰翅小卷蛾的自然种群进行了系统调查，编制了１－３代５年的生命表及平均生命表。分析得出，第１代的卵和１－２龄幼虫是其世代及年度的薄弱环节；１－２代，２－３代，３代－翌年１代的种群趋势指数分别为２．４５、２．７和０．２１，在年份间种群由上升到平衡；第１代的风雨致死，第２代的４－５龄幼虫及蛹的虫寄生，越冬代（即第３代）的打枣致死、蛹期天敌取食及冬季消亡对种群的控制作用较大；用灰色关联度分析关键因子是作者提出的新方法，文中给出了详细的分析步骤，关键因子：第１代为４－５龄幼虫天敌取食，第２代为蛹期虫寄生，越冬代为４－５龄菌寄生和蛹冬季消亡。     

苌楚鸠蝠蛾的生物学特性及防治研究

苌楚鸠蝠蛾Ｐｈａｓｓｕｓ ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｅ Ｙａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ是福建近年来严重为害猕猴的一种新的蛀干害虫。我们于１９８４－１９８９年在建宁县猕猴桃试验站进行研究。该虫一年一代，以卵在树兜的地面越冬，幼虫为害猕猴桃植株韧皮部和髓部，外部形成虫屑包，内部形成蛀道，阻滞养分和水分的正常输送，轻者枝叶发黄，重者风折枯死。除选用抗虫品种外，采用２．５％溴氰菊脂１∶５０００液灌注；９０％敌百虫晶体１     

Biological characteristics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acanthocinus carinulatus</Emphasis>, a new record insect pest in Aershan,Inner Mongolia

Biological characteristics of a new record pest insect Acanthocinus carinulatus Gebler has been reported in China. During the last few years, outbreaks of this insect in larch （Larix gmelinii Rupr.） plantations of Aershan, Inner Mongolia have occurred. Each year one generation is born. The insects only damage the phloem in L. gmelinii, overwinter in galleries as larvae and pupate in May of the following year. The pupation culminates in late May. The pupal phase lasts about 45 d. Adults emerge in early June and require nutrition after emergence. Mating and oviposition occur from late June to early August and the adult males and females and may copulate many times in their lifetime. The female adults lay eggs in bark crevices. Oviposition sites with one egg occupy 70.5% of all sites, sites with three eggs occupy 6.8% and 22.7% of all crevices are without eggs. Eggs stay in this stage for a period of 7 to 11 d. Larvae hatch in early July and hibernate in early September. The rate of successful hatching is only 37.8%.     

Untersuchungen zum Massenauftreten und Verhalten vonAlphitobius diaperinus Panz. (Coleoptera,Tenebrionidae) in Hühnermastbetrieben als Grundlage zur praxisgerechten Bekämpfung

A correlation betweenAlphitobius diaperinus generations and the rhythm of breeding the broilers and cleaning the poultry houses has been found. In the litter lots ofA. diaperinus larval instars can be observed. Approximately 13 days before the breeding of the broilers is completed the larvae start to leave the litter and search for hiding places for pupation in the walls of the buildings. The insects stay in these hiding places until the cleaning of the houses is finished. When the houses are prepared with new litter and higher temperatures for rearing the chickens are maintained, the beetles and larval instars leave the hiding places and continue their development, respectively laying eggs in the new litter. To prevent the insect emigration from the litter into the hiding places in the walls by temperature barriers the reactions of the adults and larvae to high temperature were tested. The results show that temperature barriers with more than 45°C only exceptionally can be overpassed by beetles and larvae.     

Effect ofMelia azedarach extract on larval development and reproduction parameters ofSpodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) andAgrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) (lep. noctuidae)

Methanolic extract ofMelia azedarach fruits enriched by washing with petrolether and ethyl acetate was used for laboratory treatments of two lepidopteran pests in Egypt. The experiments were carried out with concentrations of 10, 15, 25, 50, 100 and 1000 ppm in a diet and compared with control insects. In both insects food consumption, weight gain and conversion of ingested food (ECI) in body matter decreased with increasing extract amounts. The conversion of digested food (ECD) was lowered gradually by using higher concentrations ofMelia extract. Some antifeedant activity was observed in larvae ofS. littoralis andA. ipsilon. The percentage of mortality increased with application of higher concentrations ofMelia extract in both species. Starting from 3rd larval instar the larvae of both species reduced significantly their weight until pupation in 25 ppm and higher extract concentrations, while the larval period was prolonged. The pupal weight was significantly reduced at 15, 25 and 50 ppm. At higher concentrations the larvae failed to pupate. Duration of pupal period was affected only inA. ipsilon. All reproduction parameters, as period of oviposition, fecundity, fertility and longevity of males and females were affected using emerged adults from treated larvae with concentrations of 10, 15 and 25 ppmMelia extract. InS. littoralis no adult emerged from pupae originated from larvae treated with 50 ppm and higher amounts and no larva hatched from eggs laid by adults treated with 25 ppmMelia concentration as larvae. In both species the oviposition period was shortened at 15 and 25 ppm extract, the fecundity and fertility were drastically reduced, and the longevity of males and females was reduced. Cross sections of the midgut showed that the epithelial cells are destroyed in both pests. This can be one of the reasons for the observed effects.