中国荔枝产业首个CI标志——“钦州荔枝”新鲜出炉

今后，广西钦州生产的荔枝，将有自己统一的“姓氏”——“钦州荔枝”。这个“姓氏”同时也将是目前全国四大荔枝主产区中。首个拥有理念识别系统、行为识别系统、视觉识别系统等全套CI形象的标志。     

发挥资源优势,做大做强食用菌产业——泰和县食用菌生产现状及发展对策

<正>1我县食用菌生产现状食用菌在我县有较长的栽培历史,发展至今已初具雏形。主要有三大特点:一是在生产布局上呈现区域化。目前全县大体分为2个食用菌生产区,即以碧溪、桥头、水槎、中龙、老云盘等山区乡镇为重点,主要利用冬闲田或空闲房子以阔叶杂木为原料生产冬春食用菌;以澄江、马市、塘洲、禾     

新中国成立六十年来我国柑桔产业的十大变化

1949—2008年新中国成立的60年间,作为南国佳果的我国柑桔,从零星小规模生产发展到如今的规模化大产业,面积和产量大幅增加,品种结构和区域布局不断优化，果实品质和市场竞争力显著提升，中国已成为世界柑桔生产第一大国。     

本地异地同步发展 做大做强草莓产业——建德市下涯镇草莓致富的经验和展望

建德市下涯镇的草莓从本地大棚种植发展到异地种植。目前已遍及京、粤、湘、鄂、赣、苏、闽、皖、沪、鲁、陕、川、渝、新、黔等15个省市自治区的36个大中城市,异地种植面积是本地种植面积的1．8倍,收入是本地的2．91倍。外出种植草莓已成为建德市下涯镇农民致富的首选。     

发展果树应把握的原则——兼论果业技术、管理、市场之间的关系

果树一经栽植,就可长期连年受益.但果树生产受环境、市场影响较大,受制约因素比较多.我国果树生产中存在的主要问题表现为：平均单产水平低,栽培与管理水平还不够高;品种结构不合理,一般品种多,优质品种少;科研和生产投入水平较低,致使产出水果质量不高,效益很低;产业化生产未能形成,产加销一体化的产业化模式尚需完善;果树苗木生产尚未得到足够重视,采穗不合理,为节约成本,苗圃选址不当,苗圃管理比较混乱.不按要求嫁接授粉品种.培育手段不科学.     

达州市蔬菜产业发展成效、面临的问题及对策

近年来,达州市蔬菜产业发展迅速、蔬菜种植面积逐年扩大、品种结构不断优化、市场花色品种日趋丰富,产、销、加工三链体系基本形成,已成为达州市继粮油产业之后的第二大种植业产业,但生产结构主体分散、产业链难以延伸,组织化程度不高等问题已成为制约达州市蔬菜产业发展的瓶颈,通过介绍达州市蔬菜产业发展成效、存在问题,提出了相应的对策建议。     

荔枝果实发育过程中细胞分裂素的变化

荔枝果实中含有玉米素、二氢玉米素和二氢核糖基玉米素。果实发育过程中细胞分裂素（ＣＴＫ）含量的动态是：谢花后两周内含量最高，然后下降并稳定在低水平。用外源６一卞基氨基嘌呤（６一ＢＡ）处理，仅在果实发育初期有明显保果作用。果实采后贮藏期间ＣＴＫ含量稳定在低水平；贮藏前用６一ＢＡ处理，能延迟果实衰老，提高果品质量。     

荔枝结果过程中内源激素变化及单性结果的诱导

具自然单性结果能力的‘禾虾串’荔枝，单性结果能力，与开花前后其子房内源ＧＡｓ和ＣＴＫ水平较高以及花后ＩＡＡ持续升高，ＡＢＡ持续下降有密切关系。内源激素平衡〔ＡＢＡ／（ＩＡＡ＋ＧＡｓ＋ＣＴＫ）〕的分析也表明，禾虾串子房在开花前后具有较高水平的生长促进物质，而不具单性结果能力的‘怀枝’（大核品种）子房则含有较高水平的生长抑制物质。联系果实发育期间的内源激素变化分析了禾虾串单性果较小的原因。应用２，４－Ｄ处理不授粉（去雄套袋）荔枝子房，仅妃子笑品种成功获得诱导性单性结果     

The relationship between yield and assimilate supply in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

Summary

Experiments were conducted on lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) in subtropical Australia (lat. 27° –29°S) to evaluate the role of assimilates on fruit retention. All the leaves of the last flush, all the leaves of the previous flush (about eight leaves per terminal shoot), or all the old leaves were removed from trees. Medium (3–5.cm diameter) or large branches (5–10.cm diameter) were girdled and defoliated after fruit set, and fruit retention compared with ungirdled and undefoliated branches. Other branches were girdled and defoliated between anthesis and fruit harvest. Finally, 20, 50 or 80% of the flowering panicles were defruited on large trees. Defoliated trees had 35 to 45% lower yields than the controls. This was despite the treatment with all the old leaves removed having a much lower leaf area index than the other defoliation treatments (1.7 vs. 2.3 and 2.8). Leaves next to the inflorescences are more important for yield than the older leaves. Fruit retention was very low on girdled branches that had been defoliated, especially when the leaves were removed in the first 20.d after anthesis. This suggests that the yields of girdled branches were determined by the availability of assimilates soon after fruit set. In contrast, the number of fruit retained on ungirdled branches was unrelated to the number of leaves, with defoliation having no effect on yield. Fruit on these branches were supported by resources from elsewhere in the tree. Thinned trees had similar yields to those of unthinned plots (65–82.kg tree^–1). Thinning apparently increased fruit retention in the remaining clusters, under a higher leaf:fruit ratio. There were large differences in the concentrations of starch in the tree, and seasonal changes, with starch declining from flowering to fruit harvest. In contrast, there were only small responses to the treatments, suggesting that the fruit were mainly dependent on current photosynthesis. Photosynthesis in the leaves behind the fruit clusters was more important than photosynthesis in the older shaded leaves.     

荔枝APETALA1（AP1）同源基因cDNA全长克隆及其表达研究

 应用RT-PCR方法克隆得到荔枝AP1同源基因cDNA全长,命名为LcAP1（基因登录号：JN214349）。LcAP1基因开放阅读框738 bp,编码245个氨基酸,推测蛋白质分子量为28.39 kD,等电点为9.69。序列分析显示,LcAP1基因编码的蛋白在1 ~ 61氨基酸含有1个MADS盒结构域,在89 ~ 179氨基酸有1个K盒结构域。蛋白质二级结构预测表明,LcAP1基因编码的蛋白有3个α螺旋,2个β折叠区,8个β转角。同源分析表明,LcAP1基因在不同植物中的一致性为72% ~ 82%。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,在‘三月红’荔枝花芽分化期,LcAP1基因在成熟叶、幼叶、老茎、嫩茎、花芽和花梗中均表达,在花芽中表达最多。     

荔枝FLOWERING LOCUST(FT)同源基因cDNA全长克隆及其表达

应用RT-PCR方法在首次克隆获得荔枝AP1同源基因cDNA全长基础上,又得到2个荔枝FT同源基因cDNA全长,分别命名为LcFT1和LcFT2(基因登录号分别为:JN214350、JN214351)。LcFT1基因开放阅读框522 bp,编码174个氨基酸,推测蛋白质分子质量为19.65 ku,等电点为8.68。LcFT2基因开放阅读框522 bp,编码174个氨基酸,推测蛋白质分子质量为19.56 ku,等电点为7.34。蛋白质二级结构预测表明,LcFT1和LcFT2蛋白都具有4个α螺旋,10个β折叠区。同源分析表明,LcFT1和LcFT2基因在不同植物中的一致性为72%～82%。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,三月红荔枝花芽分化期LcFT1和LcFT2基因只在叶中表达,并且在成熟叶中表达量最多。研究将有助于进一步了解荔枝开花的分子机理及其成花的生物学发育过程。     

以阶段观剖视荔枝的花芽分化

以阶段观剖视荔枝的花芽分化,重新审视了相关研究资料,对影响成花的关键因子作了阐释,廓清了一些概念性问题。引进了俗称的“白点”(拟改称“白小米粒”)作为“成花诱导期”和“花穗发端发育期”的分界标识。指出水分胁迫对于秋梢的停止生长和成熟是必需的,但对于花诱导本身则非所必需,因为尚无证据可证明干旱能够代替荔枝的低温成花诱导。荔枝成花诱导期需要低温,而花穗发端发育期则需要适度升温和水分。低温的成花诱导的效果不会被随后的水分增多所逆转。茎端感受诱导性低温时处于非细胞分裂的“静止”状态,而“白小米粒”的出现标志着茎端进入了细胞分裂的活跃状态。充分成熟的秋梢接受成花诱导的效果最佳,但未充分成熟的秋梢上处于“静止”状态的芽也可以感受诱导性低温,只是抽发的带叶花穗率往往较高。花穗发端发育期气温过高会导致花穗上叶原基的进一步发育成叶片和花序原基的萎缩,即俗称的“冲梢”。若诱导期经受的低温不足,则此情况会更甚。     

热水结合酸浸处理对荔枝果皮色素含量与酶活性的影响

研究了９８℃热水３ｓ结合酸浸处理的荔枝果皮的色素含量与酶活性变化。结果表明：在（２±０．５）℃贮藏条件下,９８℃热水３ｓ结合酸浸处理降低果皮叶绿素、花色素苷与类胡萝卜素的含量,也降低类黄酮、总酚的含量与多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶的活性,改变上述指标在贮藏期间的动态变化曲线。讨论了热水处理技术的应用前景。     

Effect of temperature on growth and flowering of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivars

Summary

Moderate day/night temperatures (20/15° v. 15/10°C) increased vegetative growth and reduced flowering in the seven litchi cvs Tai So, Bengal, Souey Tung, Kwai May Pink, Kwai May Red, Salathiel and Wai Chee. At higher temperatures (25/20° and 30/25°C), vegetative growth was promoted further and flowering eliminated. Temperature also influenced the type of inflorescence formed. More leaves were formed on the panicles of trees growing at 20/15° than at 15/10°C. All terminal shoots on all cultivars produced panicles at 15/10°C. The relative order for the amount of flowering at 20/15°C was: ‘Wai Chee’>‘Salathiel’>‘Kwai May Pink’>‘Tai So’>‘Bengal’>‘Souey Tung’>‘Kwai May Red’. Cultivars which were vigorous at high temperatures produced fewer panicles at 20/15°C and fewer leafless panicles at 15/10°C. Only small differences were observed in the leaf water potential and the nutrient status of the shoots at different temperatures. Vigour and flowering of the cultivars in the glasshouse generally reflected field performance in subtropical Australia (Lat. 27°S). Low vigour could be useful for selecting litchi cultivars for good fruiting in environments with warm autumns and winters.     

不同发育时期的荔枝花芽冷敏感性比较

【目的】为了探明不同发育时期的荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)花芽的冷敏感性差异,【方法】以发生在2008年1月下旬至2月下旬的极端低温作为低温处理的条件,研究了低温对‘妃子笑’与‘糯米糍’2个品种的"白点"(一级侧花序原基)和初生花序(花序轴伸长的一级侧花序,长1~2 cm)2种不同发育时期的花芽相对电导率、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、花芽表面茸毛以及细胞超微结构的影响。【结果】结果表明,低温使花芽的H2O2含量升高,相对电导率增大,无论是低温期间还是温度回升后,‘妃子笑’"白点"的相对电导率低而且变化幅度小。受冷害的初生花序的茸毛较杂乱,表面有裂痕和碎片,但‘糯米糍’的裂痕和碎片相对较多。受冷害的"白点"茸毛排列较初生花序有序,表面也有裂痕,但‘糯米糍’的"白点"表面裂痕较多。而未受冷害的花芽茸毛致密而有条理,没有裂痕。2个品种受害细胞的细胞壁变得模糊,液泡膜出现破损,细胞质渗漏到液泡中,而没有受害的初生花序或"白点"上的细胞壁、液泡膜清晰。【结论】研究结果显示花序比"白点"对低温更敏感。     

黑叶荔枝焦核诱导的研究

为减少黑叶荔枝种子重量提高其品质,以青鲜素为诱导焦核的基本生长调节剂,通过不同浓度青鲜素处理以及与不同植物生长调节剂混合使用,研究了各种不同处理对黑叶荔枝产量及品质的影响。结果表明,MH浓度在800mg·L^-1时诱导黑叶荔枝焦核效果较好,黑叶荔枝焦核率随着MH浓度增大而增加,但过高浓度会导致严重的落果。用MH与其他植物生长调节剂处理可以减轻落果的问题,其中用MH800mg·L^-1＋2,4-D5mg·L^-1对黑叶荔枝诱导焦核效果最好,焦核率可达8．79％,平均单核重下降20％以上,可以显著提高其加工品质,具有较大的应用价值。